1、Designation: D5009 02 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forEvaluating and Comparing Transfer Efficiency of SprayApplied Coatings Under Laboratory Conditions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5009; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal a
2、doption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the evaluation and comparisonof the transfer
3、efficiency of spray-applied coatings undercontrolled laboratory conditions.1.2 This test method has been shown to yield excellentintralaboratory reproducibility. Interlaboratory precision ispoorer and is highly dependent on closely controlled air flow inthe spray booth, the rate at which the paint i
4、s delivered to thepart, and other variables suggested in the test method.1.3 Limitations:1.3.1 This laboratory procedure only indicates the directionof the effect of spray variables on transfer efficiency. Themagnitude of the effect is determined only by specific plantexperience.NOTE 1This laborator
5、y procedure requires specific equipment andprocedures. For those laboratories that do not have access to the type ofequipment required a more general laboratory procedure is being preparedas Procedure B.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parenthe
6、ses are for informationonly.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
7、prior to use. For specific hazardstatements, see Section 7 and 8.11.9 and 8.13.2.1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides
8、 and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and Rela
9、tedPigmented Coatings2.2 National Fire Protection Association Documents3NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Combus-tible MaterialsNFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 conveyor speed, nthe speed of the conveyor incenti
10、meters per minute during the test.3.1.2 fluid mass flow rate, nthe mass flow rate of paint ingrams per minute during the test.3.1.3 mass of foil, nthe weight of each target foil in gramsbefore being painted.3.1.4 mass of foil plus paint solids, nthe weight of eachtarget foil in grams after being pai
11、nted and baked.3.1.5 mass of paint solids, nthe difference in the mass ofthe foils before painting and the mass of the foils after paintingand baking. This is the sum of the mass of the foil plus paintsolids less the sum of the mass of the foil.3.1.6 transfer effciency, nthe ratio of the mass of the
12、 paintsolids deposited on the foil to the mass of the paint solidssprayed during the test expressed as a percent.3.1.7 weight percent solids, nthe solids content in percentof the total weight of a sample of the paint used during the test.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Metal panels covered with preweig
13、hed aluminum foilare conveyed in a spraybooth past a fixed spraygun. The coated1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on Preformed P
14、roducts.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5009 02 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D5009-02R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.
15、 For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box
16、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by th
17、e World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1foils are then baked to remove volatile matter. The transferefficiency is calculated on a weight basis using the solidscontent and quantity of the paint sprayed and the amount ofsolids on the coated aluminum foil target.5. Signi
18、ficance and Use5.1 Subject to the limitations listed above, the procedure canbe used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment andpaint formulations as well as to study the relative effect ontransfer efficiency of changing operating variables, sprayapplication equipment, and types of coatings.6
19、. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g for weightpercent solids determination.6.2 Platform Scale, accurate, or equivalent, to 60.01 g formass of foil, mass of foil plus paint, and mass flow rateinstrumentation calibration.6.3 Mass Flow Rate Meter, or mass flow rate determinationmethod
20、, accurate to 62 % of the mass flow rate to be usedduring the test.6.4 Conveyor Timer or conveyor timing method, accurate to61 % of the conveyor speed to be used during the test. Theequipment may consist of photoelectric cells or limit switchesused in conjunction with a digital timer or timing marks
21、 on theconveyor used in conjunction with a stopwatch. Take at leasttwo readings with a stopwatch and average the readings.6.5 Targets, consisting of a set of ten steel panels 15.2 cm (6in.) wide by 0.15875 cm (0.0625 in.) with 0.635-cm (0.25-in.)radius corners. A minimum panel length of 121.9 cm (48
22、 in.)should be used. The length of the panel should be set so that aminimum of 30.4 cm (12 in.) above and below the spraypattern is achieved.6.5.1 It is essential to do this so that the entire height of thespray pattern is effectively captured.6.6 Aluminum Foil, medium temper or equivalent, 1.5 mil(
23、0.0037 cm) thick.6.7 Back-Draw Water Wash Spray Booth, or equivalent. Thebooth should be a minimum of 1.8 m (6 ft) wide and capableof up to 0.61 m/s (120 ft/min) air velocity in the middle at theplane of the target. If a dry filter booth is used, filters should bechanged as necessary to maintain uni
24、form air velocity.6.8 Adjustable Rate Overhead Conveyor System, capable ofhanging targets as specified, and capable of up to 0.20 m/s (40ft/min) or the maximum speed desired by the user.6.9 Forced Draft Curing Oven, of sufficient size for curingtargets, and capable of achieving and maintaining the c
25、uretemperatures specified by the paint supplier. All ovens shouldconform to NFPA 86.6.10 Curing Rack.6.11 Stopwatch.6.12 Air Velocity Measurement Equipment.6.13 Humidity and Temperature Measurement Equipment.6.14 Compressed Air Supply.7. Hazards7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consu
26、ltthe suppliers Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for the materials used.8. Procedure8.1 Set up the spray apparatus paint supply and the massflow measurement equipment in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions.8.1.1 In accordance with Chapter 9-11 of NFPA 33, allelectrically conductive objects in the
27、 spray area, except thoseobjects required by the process to be at high voltage, shall beadequately grounded.8.2 Agitate paint in a closed container at least 30 min beforeany paint samples are taken.8.3 Using an airtight container take a paint grab samplefrom the paint pot in accordance with Practice
28、 D3925.8.4 Determine and record the following from the paintsample:8.4.1 Viscosity determined in accordance with Test MethodD1200.8.4.2 Weight percent solids determined in accordance withTest Method D2369. If the baking temperature in Test MethodD2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommended
29、 cureschedule.8.4.3 Resistivity for the samples being applied electrostati-cally (An ASTM method is under development).8.5 Set up the conveyor speed measuring equipment.8.6 Cut the aluminum foil to dimensions of 38 cm (15 in.)by approximately 127 cm (50 in.) or 5 cm (2 in.) longer thanthe length of
30、the target panel.8.7 Consecutively number each precut foil strip beforeweighing using a permanent marking pen.8.8 Weigh each test foil strip and record the uncoatedweight and the foil number.8.9 Attach the preweighed, labeled test foil to six targetsusing the technique shown in Fig. 1. Attach the un
31、labeled foilon four scavenger targets as shown in Fig. 1.8.10 Mount the foil covered targets in consecutive order asshown in Fig. 2, with the foil seam on each target facing awayfrom the spray gun.8.10.1 If electrostatic equipment is being used the resistanceshall be less than 1 by 106 between the t
32、arget and the earthground in accordance with Chapter 9-8 of NFPA 33.8.11 Adjust the following equipment operating parametersto the values desired for testing:8.11.1 Paint fluid pressure (kilopascals) at spray gun.8.11.2 Atomizing air pressure (kilopascals) at spray gun.8.11.3 Rotating atomizer head
33、speed (revolutions per min-ute) with and without paint fluid flow.8.11.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-ment is used.8.11.5 Ambient air temperature (degree Celsius).8.11.6 Paint fluid temperature (degree Celsius).8.11.7 Booth air velocity (feet per minute).8.11.8 Relative humid
34、ity (percent).D5009 02 (2017)28.11.9 Spray gun to target distance (centimeters).(WarningIf electrostatic equipment is being used, the gun-to-target distance shall be at least twice the sparking distance inaccordance with Chapter 9-7 of NFPA 33.)8.11.10 Conveyor speed (centimetres per second).8.11.11
35、 Fluid mass flow rate (grams per minute).8.11.12 Set the cure time and temperature in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.8.12 For electrostatic spray equipment, measure the operat-ing voltage and adjust it according to the manufacturersinstructions.8.13 Turn on the spray booth and conveyo
36、r. At least 15 sbefore the first scavenger target passes in front of the gun, turnon the paint spray equipment. Maintain uniform paint flowduring the test.8.13.1 If mass flow measurement is used, begin the flowmeasurement at the leading edge of the first scavenger targetand stop the mass flow measur
37、ement at the trailing edge of thelast scavenger target.8.13.2 If mass flow measurement equipment is not availableuse the following technique. Just before turning on the spraybooth and the conveyor, spray the gun into a preweighedcovered plastic container for a minimum of 30 s.(WarningIn addition to
38、other precautions, turn off all highvoltage to electrostatic spray guns to prevent personal injury.)8.13.3 Immediately weigh the container with paint, calcu-late the flow rate, and record the result. Just after turning off thespray booth and conveyor, repeat this procedure. Average thetwo results to
39、 obtain the average flow rate for the test.NOTE 2A gallon plastic bottle with the top cut off to conveniently fitaround the front of the gun is recommended to use with the aboveprocedure. A large plastic beaker covered with plastic wrap with a holepunched in the center of the plastic wrap works also
40、.Turn off all air sources to the spray gun before using the aboveprocedure to prevent paint splattering out of the container.8.14 Record the following data:8.14.1 Application Equipment:8.14.1.1 Paint fluid pressure (kilopascals) at the spray gun,8.14.1.2 Atomizing air pressure (kilopascals) at the s
41、praygun,8.14.1.3 Rotating atomizer head speed (revolutions perminute) with and without paint fluid flow, and8.14.1.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-ment is used.8.14.2 Spray Booth and Conveyor:8.14.2.1 Ambient temperature (degrees Celsius),8.14.2.2 Paint fluid temperature (degr
42、ees Celsius),8.14.2.3 Booth air velocity (foot per minute),8.14.2.4 Relative humidity (percent),8.14.2.5 Spray gun to target distance (centimeters),8.14.2.6 Conveyor speed (centimeters per minute), and8.14.2.7 Fluid mass flow rate (grams per minute).8.15 After the paint flow and the conveyor are sto
43、pped,remove the painted targets from the conveyor and ensure thatno paint is lost. Measure the wet film thickness to ensure thatthe proper amount of paint has been applied and record the wetfilm thickness.8.16 Securely hang the coated targets on oven racks so allpainted surfaces are exposed for unif
44、orm drying. Insert theracks into the oven and bake at the recommended manufactur-ers cure schedule.8.17 Remove the targets from the oven and let cool.8.18 Remove the foil from each target, weigh and record thecoated weight, the foil number, the percent vertical filmcoverage, and the dry film thickne
45、ss at the center of the spraypattern.8.19 The mass of the paint solids deposited is the differencein the total weight of the foils before painting and the totalweight of the foils after painting and baking.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the transfer efficiency using the followingequation:T 5 100 3 C 3
46、P!/F 3 S 3 W!where:T = transfer efficiency,%C = conveyor speed, cm/min,P = mass of paint solids deposited, g,F = fluid delivery rate, g/min,S = weight percent solids expressed as a decimal, andW = effective target width, 30.48 cm.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Transfer effici
47、ency results,10.1.2 Type of spray equipment,10.1.3 Type of paint applied,FIG. 1 Foil Attachment TechniqueD5009 02 (2017)310.1.4 Paint application conditions, and10.1.5 Conditions of test other than those specified in theprocedure section of this test method.11. Precision and Bias11.1 This test metho
48、d is derived from a study and report oftransfer efficiency measurements conducted for the U. S.Environmental Protection Agency.4The procedure describedwas subjected to round-robin evaluation following ASTMguidelines. The procedure was used at eight laboratories andresults were obtained using convent
49、ional airless, electrostaticair spray, and conventional air spray equipment. Statisticaltreatment of the results for the test sites and spray equipmenttype (gun) yields the following transfer efficiency results:Type of Gun Variance Standard DeviationConventional airless:Within laboratory 1.22 1.10Between laboratory 26.41 .Gun 6.22 .Total 33.85 5.82Electrostatic Air Spray:Within laboratory 3.63 1.91Between laboratory 72.02Gun 13.01Total 88.66 9.42Conventional Air Spray:Within laboratory 2.30 1.50Between laboratory 42.90Gun 0.88Total 46.08 6.7911.2 No informatio
