1、Designation: D5013 16Standard Practices forSampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices provide guidance for obtaining samplesof waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, conduits,and conveyor belt
3、s. The following are included:SectionsPractice ALiquid or Slurry DischargesPractice BSolid or Semisolid Discharges7 through 910 through 121.2 These practices are intended for situations in whichthere are no other applicable ASTM sampling methods (seePractices D140 and D75) for the specific industry.
4、1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream ormoving waste mass and, therefore, are descriptive only withina certain period. The length of the period for which a sample isdescriptive wil
5、l depend on the sampling frequency and com-positing scheme.1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used inconjunction with Guide D4687.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard
6、to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 formore information.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75 Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsD4687 Guide f
7、or General Planning of Waste SamplingE882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in theChemical Analysis Laboratory2.2 Other Document:EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,Physical/Chemical Methods33. Summary of Practices3.1 The variability of the waste stream is first determinedb
8、ased on (1) knowledge of the processes producing the stream,or (2) the results of a preliminary investigation of the wastestreams variability. A sampling design is then developed thatconsiders the waste streams variability, the time frame thesample is to represent, and the precision and accuracy req
9、uiredfor waste analysis or testing. The actual sampling procedureconsists of obtaining several grab samples from the movingstream or mass for analysis or testing.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedure outlined in these practices are guides forobtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid and l
10、iquidwaste from flowing streams, and incorporate many of the sameprocedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Docu-ments. These practices by themselves will not necessarilyresult in the collection of samples representative of the totalwaste mass. The degree to which samples describe a wastemas
11、s must be estimated by application of appropriate statisticalmethods and measures of quality assurance. It is recommendedthat those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.5. Hazards5.1 In all sampling practices, safety should be the firstconsideration. Personnel involved in the sampling s
12、hould befully aware of, and take precautions against, the presence oftoxic or corrosive gases, the potential for contact with toxic orcorrosive liquids or solids, and the dangers of moving belts,conveyors, or other mechanical equipment. Guidance on wastesampling safety can be found in Guide D4687.6.
13、 Sampling Design6.1 The frequency of sampling and the number of compos-ites required to obtain a sample of the waste will depend on thefollowing:6.1.1 Time variability of the waste composition,1These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and are the direct res
14、ponsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 onSampling Techniques.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 2016. Originallyapproved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D5013 89 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/D5013-16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.o
15、rg, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available at https:/www.epa.gov/hw-sw846.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、PA 19428-2959. United States16.1.2 Time span which the sample is to represent, and6.1.3 Precision of waste analysis that is required, forexample, if a hazardous constituent is present in the waste atlevels near the regulatory limit or another limit of concern, thenbetter precision will be required t
17、han if the levels are wellbelow or well above the limits of concern.6.2 The processes that produce the waste will largely dictatethe variability in the composition of the waste. If the processesare known to be constant and reliable, then fewer samplesshould be required than from a highly variable pr
18、ocess.6.3 To obtain a descriptive sample of the waste, the concen-tration levels and approximate variation in the waste compo-sition should first be estimated. In some cases, a rough estimatecan be made based on knowledge of the processes that producethe waste. In other cases, results from previous
19、sampling effortscan be used to estimate waste composition and variability. Apreliminary pilot sampling effort may be necessary to establishthe waste composition prior to designing the primary samplingprogram. Procedures for estimating sample variability and forestablishing a sampling design are prov
20、ided in Guide D4687.6.4 The sampling design should include quality assuranceprocedures. At the least, this should include the following:6.4.1 Sample handling quality control by carrying a blanksample through all of the sampling and analytical steps, and6.4.2 User should be aware of the laboratories
21、internalquality control procedures. More rigorous quality assurance/quality control procedures may be required depending on theparticular goals of the sampling program. For further informa-tion on quality assurance/quality control, see Guide E882 andEPA-SW-846.6.5 A sampling plan should be prepared
22、prior to sampling.The plan should describe such things as (a) safety procedures;(b) sampling design, including number and location ofsamples; (c) quality assurance procedures; (d) apparatus; (e)sampling procedures; and (f) sampling labeling and handling.The details of the sampling procedure should c
23、onsider allaspects of the specific discharge, including pipe diameter,velocity, rate of discharge, solids content of the discharge,requirements for grab or composite samples, and ultimate useof the analytical data.PRACTICE ALIQUID OR SLURRY DISCHARGES7. Apparatus7.1 Dipper SamplerFor slurry and liqu
24、id discharges, adipper type sampler should be employed. One example of thistype of sampler is depicted in Fig. 1. The dipper can be variedin size depending on the flow rate from the pipe or sluiceway.This procedure should not be used for high stream flowvelocities or rates (100 gal/min) because prob
25、lems will arisein physically holding the dipper in the stream. Streamdimensions, size and shape of pipe, should also be consideredin addition to flow rate. The sample should be taken across thefull opening of the stream in as short a time as possible. Thiswill minimize the effect of changes in compo
26、sition of the wastestream due to density differentiation, laminar flow, and the like.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker and container for compositing sampleby methods appropriate for the analysis to be performed.Cleaning the equipment is especially important to prevent crosscontamination between diffe
27、rent waste types. In some cases, itmay be necessary or simpler to dedicate equipment to a specificwaste type.8.2 Assemble the sampler by clamping the beaker to thepole.8.3 Make sure that the sampler matches the dimensions ofthe discharge stream if at all possible. If not, pass the dipper inone sweep
28、ing motion through the discharge stream at a ratesuch that the dipper is filled in one pass. Make enough passesto cover the entire cross sectional area of the discharge stream.8.4 If the entire discharge width cannot be covered in onepass additional passes will be needed. Begin each additionalpass a
29、t the ending point of the previous pass. It may benecessary to make a few trial passes or practice runs beforeactually sampling the discharge. If compositing of samples isrequired by the sampling plan it may be preferable andsometimes necessary to have compositing performed in thelaboratory. Include
30、 specific procedures for compositing in thesampling plan. If samples have not been appropriately com-posited in the field, clearly indicate this information on thesample label, in the field log book, and on the analytical requestform.8.5 In cases of high flow (100 gal/min), a probe may beinserted up
31、stream of the discharge to obtain a sample. Designthe probe to collect a representative cross section of the flowingstream. See Fig. 2 for an example sampling probe.8.6 Use preservation techniques appropriate for the analysesor testing to be conducted.FIG. 1 Dipper Sampler (Source: Test Methods for
32、EvaluatingSolid Wastes, U.S. EPA-SW-846, July 1982)D5013 1629. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 An indelible label should be secured to the containeridentifying the sample. The label should contain or referencethe following information:9.1.1 Name and location of site,9.1.2 Date and time of sampling,
33、9.1.3 Location of sampling,9.1.4 Sample number,9.1.5 Description and disposition of sample,9.1.6 Name of sampling personnel,9.1.7 Type of preservative, and9.1.8 Sampling conditions, and analytical requirements.9.2 Pack the sample container securely in a shipping con-tainer. If required for preservat
34、ion of analytes, the samplecontainer should be packed in ice and cooled to 6C ortemperature appropriate for the sample. If cooling is required,then a minimum-maximum thermometer should be packedwith the samples or other appropriate temperature measure-ment device.9.3 Follow DOT (Department of Transp
35、ortation) shippingregulations.9.4 Make arrangements for handling, logging in, adequatestorage and analysis of the sample at its destination. Ifwarranted, follow chain-of-custody protocol.PRACTICE BSOLID OR SEMISOLID DISCHARGES10. Apparatus10.1 Scoop or Shovel SamplerFor solid or semisoliddischarges
36、from belts, a scoop or shovel should be used, madeof material compatible with the waste stream and inert to theanalytes. Where routine sampling is to be performed, a scoopmay be designed to match the width and contour of the belt. Inthis way, a single time increment sample may be taken in onescoop.1
37、1. Procedure11.1 Clean the scoop or shovel as appropriate for the desiredchemical analysis to prevent cross contamination. In somecases, it may be necessary to dedicate equipment to specificwaste types or waste strata.11.2 Sample at a convenient point along the belt.11.3 Sample the waste with the sc
38、oop or shovel making sureto sample across the entire width of the belt. Be sure all finesand any liquid are also included representatively in the scoopedsample.11.4 Repeat sampling depending on the uniformity of thewaste. Composite the grab samples and transfer a well-mixedportion to a chemically co
39、mpatible container and seal. It maybe preferable or necessary to have compositing performed inthe laboratory. Include specific procedures for compositing inthe sampling plan.11.5 If compositing has not been appropriately accom-plished prior to shipment, clearly indicate on the sample label,in the fi
40、eld log book, and on the analytical request form.12. Sampling Labeling and Shipping12.1 Refer to Section 9.FIG. 2 InPipe Sampling ProbeD5013 163ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of t
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