1、Designation: D5013 16D5013 18Standard Practices forSampling Wastes from Pipes and Other Point Discharges1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5013; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These practices provide guidance for obtaining samples of waste at discharge points from pipes, sluiceways, conduits, andconv
3、eyor belts. The following are included:SectionsPractice ALiquid or Slurry DischargesPractice BSolid or Semisolid Discharges7 through 910 through 12Practice A Liquid or Slurry DischargesPractice B Solid or Semisolid Discharges7910121.2 These practices are intended for situations in which there are no
4、 other applicable ASTM sampling methods (see PracticesD140D140/D140M and D75D75/D75M) for the specific industry.1.3 These practices do not address flow and time-proportional samplers and other automatic sampling devices.1.4 Samples are taken from a flowing waste stream or moving waste mass and, ther
5、efore, are descriptive only within a certainperiod. The length of the period for which a sample is descriptive will depend on the sampling frequency and compositing scheme.1.5 It is recommended that these practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.1.6 This standard does not purport to address
6、 all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 5 for more informati
7、on.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to
8、 Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD140D140/D140M Practice for Sampling Asphalt MaterialsD4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingE882 Guide for Accountability and Quality Control in the Chemical Analysis Laboratory2
9、.2 Other Document:EPA Standard:3EPA-SW-846 Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods3. Summary of Practices3.1 The variability of the waste stream is first determined based onon: (1) knowledge of the processes producing the stream,or (2) the results of a preliminary investig
10、ation of the waste streams variability.Asampling design is then developed that considersthe waste streams variability, the time frame the sample is to represent, and the precision and accuracy required for waste analysisor testing. The actual sampling procedure consists of obtaining several grab sam
11、ples from the moving stream or mass for analysisor testing.1 These practices are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste Management and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.02 on SamplingTechniques.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016Sept. 1, 2018. Published September
12、 2016October 2018. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20092016as D5013 89 (2009).D5013 16. DOI: 10.1520/D5013-16.10.1520/D5013-18.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of AS
13、TM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available at https:/www.epa.gov/hw-sw846.from United States Environmental ProtectionAgency (EPA), William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., 1200 PennsylvaniaAve., NW,Washington, DC 20460, http:/www.epa.gov.This
14、 document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior edition
15、s as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Significance and Use4.1 The procedure outlined in
16、 these practices are guides for obtaining descriptive samples of solid, semisolid, and liquid wastefrom flowing streams, and incorporate many of the same procedures and equipment covered in the Referenced Documents. Thesepractices by themselves will not necessarily result in the collection of sample
17、s representative of the total waste mass. The degreeto which samples describe a waste mass must be estimated by application of appropriate statistical methods and measures of qualityassurance. It is recommended that those practices be used in conjunction with Guide D4687.5. Hazards5.1 In all samplin
18、g practices, safety should be the first consideration. Personnel involved in the sampling should be fully awareof, and take precautions against, the presence of toxic or corrosive gases, the potential for contact with toxic or corrosive liquidsor solids, and the dangers of moving belts, conveyors, o
19、r other mechanical equipment. Guidance on waste sampling safety can befound in Guide D4687.6. Sampling Design6.1 The frequency of sampling and the number of composites required to obtain a sample of the waste will depend on thefollowing:6.1.1 Time variability of the waste composition,6.1.2 Time span
20、 which the sample is to represent, and6.1.3 Precision of waste analysis that is required, for example, if a hazardous constituent is present in the waste at levels nearthe regulatory limit or another limit of concern, then better precision will be required than if the levels are well below or well a
21、bovethe limits of concern.6.2 The processes that produce the waste will largely dictate the variability in the composition of the waste. If the processes areknown to be constant and reliable, then fewer samples should be required than from a highly variable process.6.3 To obtain a descriptive sample
22、 of the waste, the concentration levels and approximate variation in the waste compositionshould first be estimated. In some cases, a rough estimate can be made based on knowledge of the processes that produce the waste.In other cases, results from previous sampling efforts can be used to estimate w
23、aste composition and variability.Apreliminary pilotsampling effort may be necessary to establish the waste composition prior to designing the primary sampling program. Proceduresfor estimating sample variability and for establishing a sampling design are provided in Guide D4687.6.4 The sampling desi
24、gn should include quality assurance procedures. At the least, this should include the following:6.4.1 Sample handling quality control by carrying a blank sample through all of the sampling and analytical steps, and6.4.2 User should be aware of the laboratories internal quality control procedures. Mo
25、re rigorous quality assurance/qualitycontrol procedures may be required, depending on the particular goals data quality objectives of the sampling program. For furtherinformation on quality assurance/quality control, see Guide E882 and EPA-SW-846.6.5 A sampling plan should be prepared prior to sampl
26、ing. The plan should describe such things asas: (a1) safety procedures;(b2) sampling design, including number and location of samples; (c3) quality data quality objectives and quality assuranceprocedures; (d4) apparatus; (e5) sampling procedures; and (f6) sampling labeling and handling. The details
27、of the samplingprocedure should consider all aspects of the specific discharge, including pipe diameter, velocity, rate of discharge, solids contentof the discharge, requirements for grab or composite samples, and ultimate use of the analytical data.PRACTICE ALIQUID A LIQUID OR SLURRY DISCHARGES7. A
28、pparatus7.1 Dipper SamplerFor slurry and liquid discharges, a dipper type sampler should be employed. One example of this type ofsampler is depicted in Fig. 1. The dipper can be varied in size, depending on the flow rate from the pipe or sluiceway. Thisprocedure should not be used for high stream fl
29、ow velocities or rates (100 gal/min)gal/min), because problems will arise inphysically holding the dipper in the stream. Stream dimensions, dimensions and size and shape of pipe,pipe should also beconsidered in addition to flow rate. The sample should be taken across the full opening of the stream i
30、n as short a time as possible.This will minimize the effect of changes in composition of the waste stream due to density differentiation, laminar flow, and thelike.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker and container for compositing sample by methods appropriate for the analysis to be performed. Cleaningt
31、he equipment is especially important to prevent cross contamination cross-contamination between different waste types. In somecases, it may be necessary or simpler to dedicate equipment to a specific waste type.D5013 1828.2 Assemble the sampler by clamping the beaker to the pole.8.3 Make sure that t
32、he sampler matches the dimensions of the discharge stream if at all possible. If not, pass the dipper in onesweeping motion through the discharge stream at a rate such that the dipper is filled in one pass. Make enough passes to coverthe entire cross sectional cross-sectional area of the discharge s
33、tream.8.4 If the entire discharge width cannot be covered in one pass, additional passes will be needed. Begin each additional passat the ending point of the previous pass. It may be necessary to make a few trial passes or practice runs before actually samplingthe discharge. If compositing of sample
34、s is required by the sampling plan, it may be preferable and sometimes necessary to havecompositing performed in the laboratory. Include specific procedures for compositing in the sampling plan. If samples have notbeen appropriately composited in the field, clearly indicate this information on the s
35、ample label, in the field log book, and on theanalytical request form.8.5 In cases of high flow (100 gal/min), a probe may be inserted upstream of the discharge to obtain a sample. Design the probeto collect a representative cross section of the flowing stream. See Fig. 2 for an example sampling pro
36、be.8.6 Use preservation techniques appropriate for the analyses or testing to be conducted.9. Packaging and Package Marking9.1 An indelible label should be secured to the container identifying the sample. The label should contain or reference thefollowing information:9.1.1 Name and location of site,
37、9.1.2 Date and time of sampling,9.1.3 Location of sampling,9.1.4 Sample number,9.1.5 Description and disposition of sample,9.1.6 Name of sampling personnel,9.1.7 Type of preservative, and9.1.8 Sampling conditions,conditions and analytical requirements.Source: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes
38、, U.S. EPA-SW-846, July 1982.FIG. 1 Dipper Sampler (Source: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Wastes, U.S. EPA-SW-846, July 1982)FIG. 2 InPipeIn-Pipe Sampling ProbeD5013 1839.2 Pack the sample container securely in a shipping container. If required for preservation of analytes, the sample containers
39、hould be packed in ice and cooled to 6C6 C or temperature appropriate for the sample. If cooling is required, then aminimum-maximumminimum/maximum thermometer should be packed with the samples or other appropriate temperaturemeasurement device.9.3 Follow DOT (Department of Transportation) shipping r
40、egulations.9.4 Make arrangements for handling, logging in, adequate storage, and analysis of the sample at its destination. If warranted,follow chain-of-custody protocol.PRACTICE BSOLID B SOLID OR SEMISOLID DISCHARGES10. Apparatus10.1 Scoop or Shovel SamplerFor solid or semisolid discharges from bel
41、ts, a scoop or shovel should be used, made of materialcompatible with the waste stream and inert to the analytes. Where routine sampling is to be performed, a scoop may be designedto match the width and contour of the belt. In this way, a single time increment sample may be taken in one scoop.11. Pr
42、ocedure11.1 Clean the scoop or shovel as appropriate for the desired chemical analysis to prevent cross contamination. cross-contamination. In some cases, it may be necessary to dedicate equipment to specific waste types or waste strata.11.2 Sample at a convenient point along the belt.11.3 Sample th
43、e waste with the scoop or shovel, making sure to sample across the entire width of the belt. Be sure all fines andany liquid are also included representatively in the scooped sample.11.4 Repeat sampling depending on the uniformity of the waste. Composite the grab samples and transfer a well-mixed po
44、rtionto a chemically compatible container and seal. It may be preferable or necessary to have compositing performed in the laboratory.Include specific procedures for compositing in the sampling plan.11.5 If compositing has not been appropriately accomplished prior to shipment, clearly indicate on th
45、e sample label, in the fieldlog book, and on the analytical request form.12. Sampling LabelingSampling, Labeling, and Shipping12.1 Refer to Section 9.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. User
46、s of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every
47、five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical
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49、PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184
