1、Designation: D 5035 06Standard Test Method forBreaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (StripMethod)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5035; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la
2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers raveled strip
3、and cut strip testprocedures for determining the breaking force and elongationof most textile fabrics. Provision is made for wet testing.1.1.1 The raveled strip test is applicable to woven fabricswhile the cut strip test is applicable to nonwoven fabrics, feltedfabrics, and dipped or coated fabrics.
4、1.2 This test method is not recommended for knitted fabricsor for other textile fabrics which have high stretch (more than11 %).NOTE 1For the determination of the breaking force and elongation oftextile fabrics using the grab test and modified grab test procedures, referto Test Method D 5034.NOTE 2F
5、or determination of the breaking force and elongation ofsome specific types of fabrics which use the strip test, refer to Specifica-tions D 579 and D 580.1.3 This test method shows the values in both inch-poundunits and SI units. Inch-pound units is the technically correctname for the customary unit
6、s used in the United States. SI unitsis the technically correct name for the system of metric unitsknown as the International System of Units. The values statedin either acceptable metric units or in other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values expressed in eachsystem may not be e
7、xact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other, without combining inany way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
8、 and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 579 Specification for Greige Woven Glass FabricsD 580 Specificat
9、ion for Greige Woven Glass Tapes andWebbingsD 629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4848 Terminology of Force, Deformation and RelatedProperties of TextilesD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and FibersD 4850 Terminology Relatin
10、g to FabricD 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:breaking force, elongation, tensile test, refer to TerminologyD 4848.3.2 For definitions of textile terms used in this test meth
11、od:constant-rate-of-extension, constant rate of load, constant rateof traverse, refer to Terminology D 4849.3.3 For definitions of textile terms used in this test method:cut strip test, raveled strip test, strip test, refer to TerminologyD 4850.3.4 For other textile terms used in this test method, r
12、efer toTerminology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test specimen is clamped in a tensile testing machineand a force applied to the specimen until it breaks. Values forthe breaking force and elongation of the test specimen are1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on T
13、extilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,Specific.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2006. Published February 2006. Replaces striptesting sections, Sections 17 through 20, of Test Method D 1682. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in
14、 2003 as D 5035 95 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100
15、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.obtained from machine scales, dials, autographic recordingcharts, or a computer interfaced with the testing machine.4.2 This test method describes procedures for carrying outfabric tensile tests using four types of speci
16、men, and threealternative types of testing machines. For reporting, use thefollowing system to identify specific specimen and machinecombinations.4.2.1 Type of specimen:4.2.1.1 1R25 mm (1.0 in.) raveled strip test4.2.1.2 2R50 mm (2.0 in.) raveled strip test4.2.1.3 1C25 mm (1.0 in.) cut strip test4.2
17、.1.4 2C50 mm (2.0 in.) cut strip test4.2.2 Type of tensile testing machine:4.2.2.1 Econstant-rate-of-extension (CRE)4.2.2.2 Lconstant-rate-of-load (CRL)4.2.2.3 Tconstant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)4.2.3 Possible combinations can be identified as follows:Test SpecimenType of TesterConstant-Rate-of-Extensi
18、onConstant-Rate-of-LoadConstant-Rate-of-Traverse25-mm (1-in.) raveled strip 1R-E 1R-L 1R-T50-mm (2-in.) raveled strip 2R-E 2R-L 2R-T25-mm (1-in.) cut strip 1C-E 1C-L 1C-T50-mm (2-in.) cut strip 2C-E 2C-L 2C-T4.2.3.1 For example, 1R-E refers to a 25-mm (1-in.) raveledstrip test carried out on a const
19、ant-rate-of-extension tensiletesting machine.5. Significance and Use5.1 The raveled strip test in this test method is consideredsatisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments ofwoven textile fabrics because the method has been usedextensively in the trade for acceptance testing. The sam
20、e is truefor the cut strip test for felted or nonwoven textile fabrics.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent
21、statistical assis-tance. At a minimum, use the samples for such a comparativetest that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the samelot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate resultsduring initial testing and randomly assigned in equal numbersto each laboratory. The test results
22、 from the laboratoriesinvolved should be compared using a statistical test forunpaired data, a probability level chosen prior to the testingseries. If bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bi
23、as.5.2 The method is not recommended for knitted fabricsbecause of their high stretch.5.3 Some modification of the techniques may be necessaryfor any fabric having a strength in excess of 200 N/cm (1140lbf/in.) width. Special precautionary measures are provided foruse when necessary with strong fabr
24、ics, or fabrics made fromglass fibers (see Specification D 579), to prevent them fromslipping in the clamps or being damaged as a result of beinggripped in the clamps.5.4 All of the procedures are applicable for testing fabricseither conditioned or wet.5.5 Comparison of results from tensile testing
25、machinesoperating on different principles is not recommended. Whendifferent types of machines are used for comparison testing,constant time-to-break at 206 3 s is the established way ofproducing data. Even then the data may differ significantly.5.6 Although a constant-rate-of-extension tensile testi
26、ngmachine is preferred in these methods, in cases of dispute,unless there is agreement to the contrary between the purchaserand supplier, a constant-time-to-break (20 6 3 s) is to be used.5.7 The raveled strip procedure is applicable to the deter-mination of the force required to break a specific wi
27、dth offabric. The breaking force information on woven fabrics isparticularly useful for comparison of the effective strength ofthe yarns in the fabric with the combined strength of an equalnumber of the same yarns which are not woven. The procedureis not recommended for fabrics having fewer than 20
28、yarnsacross the width of the specimen. If a 20-yarns-per-specimenwidth cannot be obtained with a 25-mm (1-in.) strip, a 50-mm(2-in.) strip should be used. In general, the observed force fora 50-mm (2-in.) specimen is not double the observed force fora 25-mm (1-in.) specimen and the results should be
29、 reported asobserved on a 50-mm (2-in.) strip without mathematicaladjustment to 25 mm (1 in.). If a fabric cannot be raveledreadily, use either a cut strip or grab procedure.5.8 The cut strip procedure is applicable to heavily fulledfabrics, woven fabrics that cannot be readily raveled, feltedfabric
30、s and nonwoven fabrics. This procedure is not recom-mended for fabrics which can be raveled because the yarns atthe edges tend to unravel during testing. The recommendationregarding the minimum number of yarns in a woven specimendiscussed in 5.7 for raveled strips applies equally to cut strips.6. Ap
31、paratus, Reagents, and Materials6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, of the CRE, CRL, or CRT typeconforming to Specification D76, with respect to force indi-cation, working range, capacity, and elongation indicator anddesigned for operation at a speed of 300 6 10 mm/min (12 60.5 in./min); or, a variable spe
32、ed drive, change gears, orinterchangeable loads as required to obtain the 20 6 3stime-to-break (see 5.5 and 5.6).6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesEach jaw face shall be smooth,flat, and with a metallic or other agreed upon surface. The facesshall be parallel and have machining centers with respect toone anot
33、her in the same clamp and to the corresponding jawface of the other clamp.6.2.1 For all strip tests or for narrow fabrics and tapes beingtested full width, each jaw face shall measure at least 10 mm(0.5 in.) wider than the specimen being tested and at least 25mm (1.0 in.) in the direction of the app
34、lied force.6.3 Metal Clamp, auxiliary, weighing 170 g (6.0 oz) with100-mm (4-in.) width anvils.6.4 Distilled Water, for wet testing.6.5 Nonionic Wetting Agent, for wet testing.6.6 Container, for wetting out specimens.6.7 Standard fabrics, for use in verification of apparatus.3(See Annex A1.)3Plain w
35、eave and sateen standard fabrics are available from Test Fabrics, Inc.,P.O. Drawer O, Middlesex, NJ 08846.D50350626.8 Pins, stainless-steel, 10-mm (38-in.) diameter by 125mm (5 in.) long, two required if used.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleTake a lot sample as directed in theapplicable material specificat
36、ion. In the absence of such aspecification randomly select the rolls or pieces that constitutethe lot sample using the following schedule:Number of Rolls, Pieces inLot, InclusiveNumber of Rolls or Pieces inLot Sample1to3 All4to24 425 to 50 5Over 50 10 % to a maximum of 10 of the rollsor piecesNOTE 3
37、An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requires taking into account the variability betweenrolls of fabric and between specimens from a swatch from a roll of fabricto provide a sampling plan with a meaningful producers risk, consumersrisk, acceptable quality l
38、evel, and limiting quality level.7.2 Laboratory SampleFrom each roll or piece of fabrictaken from the lot sample, cut at least one laboratory samplethe full width of the fabric and1m(1yd)along the selvage(machine direction).NOTE 4Results obtained on small hand samples or swatches can onlybe consider
39、ed as representative of the sample swatch submitted and cannotbe assumed to be representative of the fabric piece from which the handsample or swatch was taken.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sample, take fivespecimens from the warp (machine) direction and eight speci-mens from the filling (c
40、ross) direction (if tested) for eachtesting condition.7.3.1 Testing conditions include the following:7.3.1.1 Warp or Machine DirectionStandard conditionsfor testing textiles,7.3.1.2 Warp or Machine DirectionWet at 21C (70F),7.3.1.3 Filling or Cross DirectionStandard conditions fortesting textiles, a
41、nd7.3.1.4 Filling or Cross DirectionWet at 21C (70F).7.3.2 When using the constant-time-to-break technique andunfamiliar fabrics, prepare two or three extra specimens toestablish the proper rate of loading (speed for testing).8. Conditioning8.1 For Conditioned Testing:8.1.1 If the samples have a hig
42、her moisture content than themoisture present when at equilibrium in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles, precondition as directed in PracticeD 1776.8.1.2 Bring samples to moisture equilibrium in the standardatmosphere for testing textiles as directed in Practice D 1776.Equilibrium is cons
43、idered to have been reached when theincrease in mass of the specimen in successive weighings madeat intervals of not less than 2 h does not exceed 0.1 % of themass of the specimen.NOTE 5It is recognized that, in practice, materials are frequently notweighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has
44、 been reached. Whileconditioning for a fixed time cannot be accepted in cases of dispute, it maybe sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for testing textiles for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. As a guide, the following conditionin
45、g periods aresuggested:FiberMinimum Condi-tioning Period,h4Animal Fibers (for example, wool and regenerated proteins) 8Vegetable Fibers (for example, cotton) 6Viscose 8Acetate 4Fibers having a regain less than 5 % at 65 % relativehumidity28.2 For Wet Testing:8.2.1 Specimens to be tested in the wet c
46、ondition shall beimmersed in water at room temperature until thoroughly wetted(Note 6). To thoroughly wet a specimen, it may be necessary toadd not more than 0.05 % of a nonionic wetting agent to thewater. A test of any specimen shall be completed within 2 minafter its removal from the water.NOTE 6T
47、he material has been thoroughly wet out when it has beendetermined that additional immersion time does not produce any addi-tional changes in breaking strength of test specimens. This method ofdetermination must be used in cases of dispute; however, for routinetesting in the laboratory, it may be su
48、fficient to immerse the material 1 h.8.2.2 The procedures in this test method should be used withcaution when testing fabrics that do not wet out uniformly andthoroughly because of the presence of sizing, oil, protectivecoatings, or water repellents.8.2.3 When the strength of wet specimens without s
49、izing,water repellents, etc. is required, before preparing the testspecimens, treat the material as directed in Test MethodsD 629, using appropriate de-sizing, etc. procedures, that willnot affect the normal physical properties of the fabric.9. Preparation of Specimens9.1 General:9.1.1 Cut specimens with their long dimensions paralleleither to the warp (machine) direction or to the filling (cross)direction, or cut specimens for testing both directions asrequired. Preferably, specimens for a given fabric directionshould be spaced along a diagonal of the fabr
