1、Designation: D 5042 90 (Reapproved 2004)e1Standard Test Method forEstimating the Organic Fouling of Particulate AnionExchange Resins1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.e1NOTEWarning statements were editorially moved into the text in June 2004.1. Scope1.1 This test method pro
3、vides a general estimate of theorganic fouling of an anion exchange resin based upon totalorganic carbon measurements.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-pria
4、te safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see 8.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 2187 Test Methods for Physical and Ch
5、emical Propertiesof Particulate Ion Exchange ResinsD 2579 Test Methods for Total Organic Carbon in Water3D 2687 Practices for Sampling Particulate Ion-ExchangeMaterialsD 4839 Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbonin Water by Ultraviolet, or Persulfate Oxidation, or Both,and Infrared Detecti
6、on3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 organic foulingbuildup of organic material in or onanion exchange resins by sorption during the service cycle andincomplete removal du
7、ring regeneration.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A sample of particulate anion exchange material iscontacted with a sodium chloride/sodium hydroxide solution atan elevated temperature. After a specified contact time, theconcentration of organic material in the aqueous phase ismeasured as total organic
8、 carbon4(TOC).5. Significance and Use5.1 One of the major factors in the unsatisfactory perfor-mance of anion exchange resins is their fouling by organicmaterial. Knowledge of the degree of fouling can be used toassess the condition of the resin and may indicate the need forpretreatment of the influ
9、ent, remedial cleaning procedures, orresin replacement.5.2 It is recognized that this test method may not removeand detect cation sloughage products or declumping agents. Itis not intended to remove all organic compounds from theresin.5.3 Since the chemical structures of organics compoundsfouling th
10、e resin are generally unknown and are expressed onlyon the basis of their carbon content, interpretation of testresults to form a basis for predictions for resin performance orcleaning procedures should be approached with caution.5.4 Samples may be taken before or after plant regeneration,or both, d
11、epending on the type of information desired. Thisdecision is left to the judgment of the user.6. Interferences6.1 The high sodium chloride (NaCl) concentration of thetest solutions may interfere with the response of the total1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Watera
12、nd is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membrane and IonExchange Materials.Current edition approved June 1, 2004. Published June 2004. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as D 5042 90 (1998).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.
13、astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn4Fisher, S., and Otten, G., “Standardization of Methodology for Estimating theOrganic Fouling of Ion Exchange R
14、esins,” Proceedings of the International WaterConference, October 1989.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.organic carbon analyzer. The response of the instrument shouldbe determined using standards prepared in this matri
15、x.7. Apparatus7.1 Instrument to determine total organic carbon are asspecified in Test Methods D 2579, OxidationInfrared Detec-tion test method, or D 4839. TOC instruments using conduc-tivity detection have also been found to be suitable. Theinstrument must be capable of measuring CO2formed withoutN
16、aCl interference.8. Reagents8.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall beused in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended thatall reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Commit-tee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society,where such specifications are
17、 available.5Other grades may beused, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is ofsufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening theaccuracy of the determination.8.2 Purity of WaterUnless otherwise indicated, referencesto water shall be understood to mean reagent water confor
18、mingto Specification D 1193, Type IV. In addition, its concentrationof total organic carbon should not exceed 0.5 mg/L as C.8.3 Sodium Chloride/Sodium Hydroxide SolutionDissolve 100 g of NaCl and 10 g of NaOH in 800 mL of waterand dilute to 1 L in a volumetric flask. (WarningEye andskin protection s
19、hould be used with caustic solution.)8.4 Sulfuric Acid (1 + 49)Cautiously add 1 volume ofconcentrated sulfuric acid (sp gr 1.84) to 49 volumes of water.9. Sampling9.1 Collect the sample in accordance with Practices D 2687.9.2 Use three samples of 2.0 g each of wet, drained resin ineach test (see 10.
20、2).10. Procedure10.1 Drain the sample, if necessary, with the drainingapparatus described in Test Methods D 2187 (8.2), according tothe procedure in Test Methods D 2187 (10.12), but without anypretreatment.10.2 Weigh three 2.0-g portions of the drained sample into125-mL Erlenmeyer flasks. Add 20 mL
21、of sodium chloride/sodium hydroxide solution (see 8.3) to each. Cover the flaskwith a small inverted beaker. Place flasks in a water bath at 906 2C for 1 h.10.3 After1hofheating, remove the flasks from the waterbath. Add 50 mL of water and cool to room temperature. Filterthe supernatant solution thr
22、ough a sintered glass funnel andneutralize to pH 3 to 5 by the dropwise addition of sulfuric acid(see 8.4). Dilute to 100 mL in a volumetric flask. For someTOC instruments, further dilution may be required.10.4 Determine the total organic carbon content in milli-grams per litre of each of the three
23、replicates in accordancewith Test Methods D 2579, OxidationInfrared Detection testmethod, or D 4839, or in accordance with manufacturersinstructions if another TOC instrument is used. It is importantin this application of the TOC test method to correct for blankscontaining all reagents and to calibr
24、ate using standards con-taining 20 mL of sodium chloride/sodium hydroxide solutionper 100 mL total volume with pH adjustment as described in10.3.11. Calculation and Interpretation of Results11.1 Calculate the organic carbon removed by averaging thevalues determined in 10.4 and dividing by 20 to give
25、 themilligrams of carbon per gram of wet resin.11.2 Determine the degree of organic fouling as follows:Organic Carbon Removed, mgC/gram wet resinDegree of Organic Fouling0to1 verylow1to2 low2 to 5 moderate5 to 10 heavygreater than 10 severeNOTE 1Values above 20 milligrams of carbon per gram are extr
26、emelyrare and should be carefully checked for possible errors.12. Report12.1 Report the degree of organic fouling in descriptiveterms according to 11.2. Some users may prefer to use the mgC/gram wet resin values in order to plot trends.13. Precision and Bias13.1 No statement is made about either the
27、 precision or thebias of this test method since the result merely states whetherthere is conformance to the criteria for success specified in theprocedure. Typical precision and bias for the total organiccarbon analysis are found in Test Method D 2579.14. Keywords14.1 anion resin; organic carbon; or
28、ganic fouling5Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, AmericanChemical Society, Washington, DC. For suggestions on the testing of reagents notlisted by the American Chemical Society, see Analar Standards for LaboratoryChemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United Stat
29、es Pharmacopeiaand National Formulary, U.S. Pharmaceutical Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville,MD.D 5042 90 (2004)e12ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly a
30、dvised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, eith
31、er reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend.
32、 If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5042 90 (2004)e13
