1、Designation: D5050 08 (Reapproved 2015)Standard Guide forCommercial Use of Lime Kiln Dusts and Portland CementKiln Dusts1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5050; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、 year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide is intended to evaluate and describe lime kilndusts and Portland cement kiln dusts for uses in com
3、mercialapplications. This guide is not intended to cover uses for limeor Portland cement.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practice
4、s and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C25 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Limestone,Quicklime, and Hydrated LimeC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength ofHydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm CubeSp
5、ecimens)C110 Test Methods for Physical Testing of Quicklime,Hydrated Lime, and LimestoneC151 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of HydraulicCementC184 Test Method for Fineness of Hydraulic Cement by the150-m (No. 100) and 75-m (No. 200) Sieves (With-drawn 2002)3C187 Test Method for Amount of Water
6、Required for Nor-mal Consistency of Hydraulic Cement PasteC266 Test Method for Time of Setting of Hydraulic-CementPaste by Gillmore NeedlesC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic CementPastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC400 Test Methods for Quicklime and Hydrated Lime forNeutralizati
7、on of Waste AcidC593 Specification for Fly Ash and Other Pozzolans for UseWith Lime for Soil StabilizationC602 Specification for Agricultural Liming MaterialsC911 Specification for Quicklime, Hydrated Lime, andLimestone for Selected Chemical and Industrial UsesC1529 Specification for Quicklime, Hydr
8、ated Lime, andLimestone for Environmental UsesD558 Test Methods for Moisture-Density (Unit Weight)Relations of Soil-Cement MixturesD1632 Practice for Making and Curing Soil-Cement Com-pression and Flexure Test Specimens in the LaboratoryD1633 Test Methods for Compressive Strength of MoldedSoil-Cemen
9、t CylindersD3155 Test Method for Lime Content of Uncured Soil-LimeMixturesD3551 Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Soil-LimeMixtures Using Mechanical MixerD6249 Guide forAlkaline Stabilization of Wastewater Treat-ment Plant ResidualsD3668 Test Method for Bearing Ratio for Laboratory Com-pacted S
10、oil-Lime Mixtures (Withdrawn 1997)3D4318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, andPlasticity Index of Soils2.2 Code of Federal Regulations40 CFR Part 268Appendix 1 Toxicity Characteristics Leach-ing Procedure440 CFR Part 268.43(a) Treatment Standards Expressed asWaste Concentrations (reserve
11、d)43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 lime kiln dust:3.1.1.1 Lime kiln dust is the finely-divided particulatematter carried from a lime kiln by the exhaust gases.3.1.1.2 The composition of the dust is dependent upon thestone being processed, the processing equipme
12、nt in use, andthe fuel being used. Concentrations of combustion by-products,1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 on Treatment,Recovery and Reuse.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2015. Published Septemb
13、er 2015. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5050 08. DOI:10.1520/D5050-08R15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the
14、 standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Code of Federal Regulations available from the Superintendent of Documents,United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.Copyright ASTM Internatio
15、nal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1including sulfur compounds usually exceed that of the primaryquicklime product. Chemical and physical properties are alsodependent upon these same factors and should be evaluated forthe use intended.3.1.2 portla
16、nd cement kiln dust:3.1.2.1 Cement kiln dust is the finely-divided particulatematter carried from a cement kiln by the exhaust gases.3.1.2.2 The dust is composed of variable mixtures of cal-cined and uncalcined feed materials, fine cement-clinkerformed during the high temperature processing, fuel co
17、mbus-tion by-products, and condensed alkali compounds. Alkalismay be concentrated in the dust through volatilization in thehigh temperature zones within the kiln then condensed in theexhaust gases as they pass through the dust collection system.The relative quantity of the aforementioned components
18、ofPortland cement kiln dust may change from one source toanother because of raw material, fuel, and process variations.Some cement kiln dusts may contain large quantities ofcalcined feed materials, alkalies and sulfur compounds, orboth, while others may be primarily composed of uncalcinedraw feed. M
19、any Portland cement kiln dusts are easily com-pacted and reactive with small quantities of water to form a lowstrength cementitious mass; some may show only mild reac-tivity and be non-consolidating.4. Significance and Use4.1 This guide provides a list of applications and appropri-ate test procedure
20、s to establish selected uses for the lime kilndusts and Portland cement kiln dusts.4.2 The lime kiln dusts and Portland cement kiln dustscovered by this guide may vary in composition from onesource to another. It is therefore advised that the use of suchproducts be undertaken only after their specif
21、ic compositions,physical properties, performance characteristics, and the antici-pated variabilities have been evaluated for the service intended.Until the degree of variability in the dust source or sources hasbeen established, frequent performance testing is recom-mended.4.3 Specifications should
22、be prepared to facilitate uses,environmental protection, and engineering designs by theresponsible persons.5. Categories for Kiln Dust Uses5.1 The following applications present a sampling of appli-cations to be considered. Other uses may be considered wheresimilar chemical or physical properties ar
23、e required.5.1.1 Structural PurposesSuch as additions in the manu-facture of glass, brick, block, and other building materials.5.1.2 Stabilization PurposesWith soils to modify the plas-tic limit or moisture content and in conjunction with or withoutfly ash (see Specification C593) to provide stabili
24、zed propertiesto solid and other waste construction products.5.1.3 Fixation PurposesFor neutralization and fixationalone and in conjunction with other materials, both hazardousand nonhazardous.5.1.4 Solidification PurposesFor dewatering waste mate-rials to provide structural and handling properties,
25、 for eco-nomic and environmental use, and disposal.5.1.5 pH Control PurposesFor use with domestic waste-water sludges to significantly reduce pathogens and to enabledomestic wastewater sludges to be safely and economicallyapplied to the land (see Specification C1529 and GuideD6249).5.1.6 Flocculatio
26、n PurposesFor use to separate solidsfrom liquids and in multi-purpose processes to treat, dispose,and utilize industrial, municipal, and utility wastes.5.1.7 Agricultural PurposesA soil conditioner and nutri-ent source to meet the needs of the agricultural industry (seeSpecification C602).6. Determi
27、nation of Materials Characteristics6.1 Lime kiln dusts or Portland cement kiln dusts may ormay not require slaking for effective use depending on the enduse.6.2 Comparative testing with applications in use or productsshould be undertaken before applying the dust to specificapplications. Lime kiln du
28、sts and Portland cement kiln dustsare variable and may contain inert materials. The degree ofvariability and the inclusion of materials detrimental to theintended use should be evaluated.6.3 Testing lime kiln dusts or Portland cement kiln duststhat have been used as a cementitious binder alone or in
29、conjunction with fly ash should be performed on specimensthat have been cured and aged to duplicate field conditions orby appropriate specification methods.6.4 It should be noted that some lime kiln dusts and Portlandcement kiln dusts react more quickly than others dependingupon the amount of calcin
30、ed calcium oxide or calcinedmagnesium oxide clinker, or other cementitious materials andparticle fineness. In addition, potassium and sodium com-pounds may contribute to the reactivity of cement kiln dusts.6.5 The selection of laboratory tests to evaluate the suitabil-ity of materials for a specific
31、 application will depend upon theperformance requirements of the job and the materials avail-able. A list of test methods and material specifications is givenin Table X1.1 of Appendix X1 and may be used in selectingthose procedures and requirements pertinent to the applicationin question.7. Keywords
32、7.1 construction application; lime kiln dust; Portland ce-ment kiln dust; waste disposalD5050 08 (2015)2APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. REPRESENTATIVE RECOMMENDED METHODSTABLE X1.1 Representative Recommended Methods for Determining and Evaluating Characteristics of Lime Kiln Dust and CementKil
33、n Dust Suitable for the Intended PurposeCharacteristics Test MethodGeneral Laboratory Procedures:Chemical Analysis of Limestone Quicklime andHydrated LimeC25Test for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Ce-ment MortarsC109/C109MPhysical Testing of Quicklime Hydrated Lime,and LimestoneC110Test for Autoc
34、lave Expansion of Portland Cement C151Tests for Fineness of Cement C184Test for Normal Consistency of Cement C187Test for Setting of Hydraulic Cement by GillmoreNeedleC266Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Pastes and Mor-tars of Plastic ConsistencyC305Neutralization of Acid Waste C400Fly Ash and Other P
35、ozzolans for Use with Lime C593Agricultural Liming Materials C602Quicklime, Hydrated Lime and Limestone forChemical UseC911AMoisture-Density Relations of Soil-Cement Mix-turesD558Soil-Cement Compression and Flexure TestSpecimens, Making and Curing in the LaboratoryD1632Compressive Strength of Molded
36、 Soil-CementCylindersD1633Lime Content of Uncured Soil-Lime Mixtures D3155Laboratory Preparation of Soil-Lime Mixtures Us-ing a Mechanical MixerD3551Bearing Ratio of Laboratory-Compacted Soil-Lime MixturesD3668Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index ofSoilsD4318Toxicity Characteristic Leac
37、hing Procedure 40 CFR Part 268Appendix 1Treatment Standards Expressed as Waste Con-centrations (reserved)40 CFR Part268.43ASuggest an alternative test procedure to determine basicity factor(s) when used in dry application as in Test Methods C400.ASTM International takes no position respecting the va
38、lidity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is su
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40、arters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This stand
41、ard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 08 (2015)3
