1、Designation: D5055 11aStandard Specification forEstablishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities ofPrefabricated Wood I-Joists1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5055; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisi
2、on, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 GeneralThis specification gives procedures for estab-lishing, monitoring, and reevaluating structural
3、capacities ofprefabricated wood I-joists. Capacities considered are shear,reaction, moment, and stiffness. Procedures for establishingcommon details are given and certain design considerationsspecific to wood I-joists are itemized.1.2 Contents of the StandardAn index and brief descrip-tion of the ma
4、in features of this specification are given inX1.1.1.1.3 Development of the StandardThe development andintent of this specification is discussed in Appendix X1.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI u
5、nits that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determin
6、e the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precau-tionary statement is given in 6.1.1.5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Proper
7、ties for Visually Graded LumberD1990 Practice for Establishing Allowable Properties forVisually-Graded Dimension Lumber from In-Grade Testsof Full-Size SpecimensD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded StructuralWood Products for Use Under Exterior Exposure Condi-tionsD2915 Practice for Sampling
8、 and Data-Analysis for Struc-tural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Structural MaterialD5456 Specification for Evaluation of Structural CompositeLumber ProductsD5457 Specification for Computing Reference Resistanceof Wood-Based Materials
9、 and Structural Connections forLoad and Resistance Factor DesignD7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength ofAdhesive Bonds in Laminated Wood Products at ElevatedTemperaturesD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a ForestManagement PlanE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Ma
10、chinesE529 Guide for Conducting Flexural Tests on Beams andGirders for Building ConstructionE699 Practice for Evaluation of Agencies Involved in Test-ing, Quality Assurance, and Evaluating of Building Com-ponentsIEEE/ASTM SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Me
11、tric System2.2 U.S. Product Standards:3PS-1 Structural PlywoodPS-2 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-UsePanelsPS-20 American Softwood Lumber Standard2.3 Other Standards:CSA O86 Engineering Design in Wood4CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives O112 Series4CSA O121 Douglas-fir Plywood4CSA O141
12、Softwood Lumber4CSA O151 Canadian Softwood Plywood4CSA O325 Construction Sheathing4CSA O437.0 OSB and Waferboard41This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition ap
13、proved Dec. 1, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5055 11. DOI:10.1520/D5055-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandar
14、ds volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from APAThe Engineered Wood Association, 7011 South 19thStreet, Tacoma, WA98466, http:/www.apawood.org; and TECO, 2902 Terra Court,Sun Prairie, WI 53590, http:/.4Available from Canadian Standards Associ
15、ation (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Lumber Grading Rules Approved by American LumberStandards Committee (ALSC) or Canadian Lumber Stan-dards
16、 Accreditation Board (CLSAB)5SPS-1 Fingerjoined Structural Lumber6SPS-4 Fingerjointed Flange Stock Lumber, 20016ISO/IEC 17020 General Criteria for the Operation of Vari-ous Types of Bodies Performing Inspection73. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 prefabricated wood I-joista structural membermanufactu
17、red using sawn or structural composite lumberflanges and structural panel webs, bonded together with exte-rior exposure adhesives, forming an “I” cross-sectional shape.These members are primarily used as joists in floor and roofconstruction.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 ca
18、pacity (or structural capacity)the numeric resultof certain calculations specified in this specification.3.2.2 design valuethe numeric value claimed by themanufacturer as appropriate for use in structural analysis.NOTE 1A brief discussion of this issue is found in X1.9.3.2.3 structural composite lum
19、bera composite of woodelements (for example, wood strands, strips, veneer sheets, ora combination thereof), bonded with an exterior grade adhesiveand intended for structural use in dry service conditions.4. Design Considerations4.1 Design Value Adjustments:4.1.1 Duration of LoadWith the exception of
20、 reactiondesign values limited by compression perpendicular to grain,prefabricated wood I-joists shall be designed using the strengthadjustment for load duration used in sawn lumber. Thisadjustment is determined in accordance with the section onDuration of Load Under Modification of Allowable Proper
21、tiesfor Design Use in Practice D245.4.1.2 Repetitive MembersThe repetitive member factorfor prefabricated I-joists shall be taken as 1.0.NOTE 2Committee D07 chose to reduce the repetitive member factorto unity primarily for purposes of design simplicity. A discussion of thisdecision is given in Appe
22、ndix X1.4.1.3 TreatmentsSome pressure treatments affect materialstrength and the quality of prefabricated wood I-joists. TreatedI-joists shall not be used without evaluation of such effects.4.1.4 EnvironmentThe capacities developed in this speci-fication are applicable to joists used under dry condi
23、tions suchas in most covered structures.Appropriate adjustments for usesin other environments shall be made.4.2 Shear Design:4.2.1 Neglecting loads within a distance from the supportequal to the depth of the member shall not be permitted.4.2.2 Adjustments to the shear design value near the supportor
24、 at locations of continuity or where reinforcements areprovided must be substantiated by independent testing to thegeneral intended criteria for shear capacity herein.5. Materials5.1 GeneralThe following I-joist components meet thedefinition of a biobased product in accordance with 3.3.1 ofGuide D74
25、80:5.1.1 Lumber flange materials complying with USDOCPS-20, CSA O141, NLGA SPS-1, or NLGA SPS-4.5.1.2 Structural composite lumber flange materials comply-ing with Specification D5456.5.1.3 Web materials complying with USDOC PS-1, US-DOC PS-2, CSA O121, CSA O151, CSA O325,orCSA O437.0.5.2 Flange Stoc
26、k:5.2.1 All flange material shall conform to the requirementsof 6.4. In addition, when the flange material is structuralcomposite lumber, the following properties shall be determinedin accordance with Specification D5456: modulus of elasticity(flat or edge, depending on flange orientation in the I-j
27、oist),compression (parallel and perpendicular to grain), and naildesign values.5.2.2 End joints in purchased flange stock are permittedprovided such joints conform to the general intent and Section10 of this specification.5.3 Web MaterialPanels shall conform to manufacturingor performance standards
28、recognized by the applicable govern-ing code. Examples are PS-1 (or CSA O151) and PS-2 (orCSA O325). In addition, all panels shall meet the equivalent ofExposure I requirements as specified in PS-1 or PS-2.5.4 AdhesivesAdhesives used to bond together compo-nents of the finished product shall conform
29、 to the requirementsin Specification D2559 (or, in Canada, shall conform to anappropriate standard from the CSA Standards for Wood Adhe-sives, O112 Series, stipulated in CSA O86). In addition,adhesives used for web-to-web, web-to-flange, and flange-to-flange joints shall be qualified for heat durabi
30、lity performancein accordance with 5.4.3. Appendix X3 gives additional infor-mation and standards that shall be considered when qualifyingadhesives and adhesive-bonded materials.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that a bonded joint willexhibit similar material resistance to solid wood in an ele
31、vated tempera-ture environment where the wood material surrounding the joint does notprovide thermal protection.5.4.1 Adhesives and binder systems used in the fabricationof Structural Composite Lumber products shall be evaluated inaccordance with Specification D5456.5.4.2 Adhesives and binder system
32、s used in the fabricationof panel products used as a web shall be evaluated inaccordance with PS-2 (or, in Canada, CSA O325) with theExposure 1 classification.5.4.3 AdhesivesHeat durability:5Available from American Lumber Standard Committee (ALSC), P.O. Box 210,Germantown, MD 20874, http:/www.alsc.o
33、rg; and Canadian Lumber StandardsAccreditation Board (CLSAB), 960 Quayside Drive, Suite 406, New Westminster,BC V3M 6G2, Canada, http:/www.clsab.ca.6Available from National Lumber Grades Authority (NLGA), 302960 Quay-side Drive, New Westminster, BC V3M 6G2, Canada, http:/www.nlga.org.7Available from
34、 International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. dela Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.D5055 11a25.4.3.1 Adhesives used for web-to-web, web-to-flange, andflange-to-flange joints shall be qualified for heat durabilityperformance through testing in acc
35、ordance with Test MethodD7247. The test temperature and heat exposure duration forspecimens tested at elevated temperature (7.2 of Test MethodD7247) shall meet the requirements of Items 1, 2, and 3 below.(1) For the bonded specimens, the minimum target bond-line temperature shall be 428F (220C). For
36、 the matched solidwood control specimens, the minimum target temperature atthe shear plane shall be 428F (220C).(2) The minimum target temperatures of Item 1 shall bemaintained for a minimum of 10 min or until achieving aresidual strength ratio for the solid wood control specimens of30 6 10 %, which
37、ever is longer.(3) Block shear testing shall be conducted immediatelyafter removal from the oven such that the specimen bondline orshear plane temperature does not drop more than 9F (5C)after leaving the oven and prior to failure. This provision issatisfied when the time interval from the removal of
38、 thespecimen from the oven to the failure of the block shearspecimen does not exceed 60 s for each specimen tested andthe room temperature of the test laboratory at the time oftesting is not less than 60F (15.5C).5.4.3.2 For adhesives tested in accordance with 5.4.3.1, theresidual shear strength rat
39、io for the bonded specimens, ascalculated in accordance with Test Method D7247, shall beequal to or higher than the lower 95 % confidence interval onthe mean residual shear strength ratio for the solid woodcontrol specimens.6. Qualification6.1 GeneralThis section describes procedures, both em-pirica
40、l and analytic, for initial qualification of the structuralcapacities of prefabricated wood I-joists. Qualification is re-quired for certain common details of I-joist application sincethey often influence structural capacities. All capacities are tobe reported with three significant digits. Any time
41、 significantchanges in joist or application details, manufacturing processesor material specifications occur, qualification is required, as fora new manufacturer or product line.6.1.1 TestingQualification tests shall be conducted orwitnessed by a qualified agency as defined in 8.1. All testresults a
42、re to be certified by the qualified agency.6.1.1.1 Sample SizeThe number of specimens specified in6.2, 6.3, 6.4, 6.5, and 6.6 are minimums. The producer wishingto evaluate the validity of the sample size will find a procedurein 4.7 of Practice D2915.6.1.1.2 Test SpecimensMaterials and fabrication pr
43、oce-dures of test specimens shall be as typical of intendedproduction as can be obtained at the time of manufacturingqualification specimens. Minimum specimen temperature atthe time of test shall be 40F (4C). Specimens shall be testedat the as-received moisture content.NOTE 4It is desirable to condu
44、ct preliminary tests to aid the selectionof representative specimens.6.1.1.3 Test AccuracyTests in accordance with this speci-fication are to be conducted in a machine or apparatuscalibrated in accordance with Practices E4 except that thepercentage error shall not exceed 62.0.6.1.1.4 Test MethodsMet
45、hods generally applicable to thefull-section joist tests required herein are in Guide E529, withthe following exceptions: (1) the methods are applicable toboth qualification and quality control, (2) load rate shall be asspecified in the following sections, and (3) delays between loadincrements are n
46、ot required. Required tension and compressiontests shall be substantially in accordance with Test MethodsD198 or Test Methods D4761 with load rates as specified in thefollowing sections. All test report formats and content shall bein keeping with the intended use of the results and be agreedupon by
47、all involved parties prior to the test.6.1.1.5 Test SafetyAll full-scale structural tests are poten-tially hazardous and appropriate safety precautions must beobserved at all times. One particular concern is the potential forlateral buckling during full-section I-joist tests and appropriatelateral r
48、estraint must be maintained at all times.6.2 Shear Capacity Qualification:6.2.1 Initial capacity shall be established from either testresults or calculations. The equations used for the calculationmethod shall be confirmed by a test program; the details ofwhich are beyond the scope of this specifica
49、tion. Explanationsof the statistics used in the analysis of test results, with anexample, are given in Appendix X4.6.2.2 Factors which influence shear capacity include webtype, thickness, and grade; web to flange joint; joint type inweb (machined, butted, glued or not, reinforced, etc.). Eachcombination of these web factors must be tested separately inaccordance with 6.2.3, unless the critical combination in aproposed grouping is first established by test. Flange stiffnessinfluences shear strength: if a range of flange s
