1、Designation: D 5057 90 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forScreening Apparent Specific Gravity and Bulk Density ofWaste1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5057; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparentspecific gravity and bulk density in waste. For th
3、e purpose ofthis test method, materials to be measured will be classifiedinto three groups:1.1.1 Group AFree-flowing liquids; apparent specificgravity (ASG),1.1.2 Group BGranules, powders and water reactive liq-uids, solids or sludges; bulk density (BD), and1.1.3 Group CBulk solids (such as gravel,
4、paper or wood,etc.); apparent specific gravity (ASG).1.2 This test method is designed and intended as a prelimi-nary test to complement the more sophisticated quantitativeanalytical techniques that may be used to determine specificgravity. This test method offers to the user the option and theabilit
5、y to screen waste for apparent specific gravity or bulkdensity when the more sophisticated techniques are not avail-able and the total waste composition is unknown.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the
6、 user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specifichazard statement, see Section 9.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1192 Guide for Equipment for Sampling Water andSteam in Clo
7、sed Conduits3D 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum Products3. Terminology3.1 Definition of Term Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 screeninga preliminary qualitative or semi-quantitativ
8、e test, developed from classical qualitative andquantitative techniques, that is designed to efficiently give theuser specific information about a waste that will aid indetermining waste identification, process compatibility, andsafety in handling.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The specific gravity of
9、 a material is the ratio of themasses of equal volumes of a waste and reagent water. Theapparent specific gravity of materials in Groups A and C isdetermined by comparing the mass of a sample to the mass ofthe same volume of reagent water. The bulk density of wastesin Group B is determined as a dire
10、ct mass/volume ratio of thesample alone and should be used for determinations on waterreactive materials. The weights are used in determining mass.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use by those in thewaste management industries for the determination of apparentspecific grav
11、ity and bulk density of waste.5.2 The apparent specific gravity and bulk density deter-mined by this test method can be used for the conversion ofmeasured volumes to weights.5.3 The apparent specific gravity and bulk density, whencorrelated with other properties, can be used to indicate thecharacter
12、 of the waste.6. Interferences6.1 Excessive temperatures causing loss of sample compo-nents due to vaporization could result in erroneous readings.6.2 Large, obvious void spaces interfere in this test methodand will give inaccurate results because of the false volumemeasured.7. Apparatus7.1 Weighing
13、 Bottle Specific gravity bottle or equivalentcontainer is needed.7.2 Spatulas.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.05 onScreening Methods.Current edition approved May 1, 2006. Published May 2006.
14、Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5057-90(2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
15、 page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.3 Top Loader Balance, with a sensitivity of 0.01 g isrequired.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Purity of Water Unless otherwise indicated, refer-ences
16、to water shall be understood to mean reagent water asdefined by Type IV of Specification D 1193.9. Hazards9.1 WarningAvoid inhalation of and skin and eye contactwith all hazardous materials.10. Sampling10.1 Collect the sample in accordance with SpecificationD 1192 and Practices D 3370 and D 4057.NOT
17、E 1Extreme temperature variations between the sample andreagent water should be avoided.11. Procedure11.1 Make all weight measurements to nearest 0.01 g.11.2 Weigh the empty container (weighing bottle or specificgravity bottle) with lid on, and record weight as W.11.3 Fill the container with water a
18、nd place lid on container.Wipe off excess water and weigh. Record weight of water-filled container as R.11.4 For free-flowing liquids (Group A):11.4.1 Fill the empty container (see 7.1) with sample.11.4.2 Place the lid on the container, pushing out excesssample through the hole.11.4.3 Wipe off exces
19、s sample.11.4.4 Weigh the sample-filled container with lid on, andrecord weight as S.11.5 For granules, powders, and water reactive materials(Group B):11.5.1 Add as much of the sample to the weighed container(see 7.1) as possible without exerting pressure, filling thecontainer with sample but not al
20、lowing large void spaces (see6.2). The container may be tapped or lightly tamped.11.5.2 Place the lid on the container and weigh the sampleand bottle and record weight as S.11.6 For bulk solids such as gravel, paper or wood (GroupC):11.6.1 Add as much of the sample to the weighed container(see 7.1)
21、as possible without exerting pressure. Place the lid onthe container and weigh and record weight as S.11.6.2 Fill remaining space in the container with water andplace the lid on the container, taking care that air bubbles arenot trapped in the material or the container.11.6.3 Weigh and record weight
22、 of sample and water, incontainer with the lid on. Record weight as Q.NOTE 2The quantity Q-S may be erroneously high due to the waterabsorbed by the solid sample.12. Calculation12.1 Calculate the apparent specific gravity (ASG) or bulkdensity from the following equations, matching the appropriateequ
23、ation with the procedure of choice for each group.12.1.1 For Group A materials:ASG 5S2W!R2W!(1)where:W = weight of empty container (with lid),R = weight of water-filled container (with lid), andS = weight of sample-filled container (with lid).12.1.2 For Group B materials:Bulk Density g/mL!5Y!S2W!R2W
24、!(2)whereY = 1 g/mL, the conversion of mass/volume at 4C.12.1.3 For Group C materials:ASG 5S2W!R2W! 2 Q2S!(3)whereQ = weight of sample and water-filled container.13. Report13.1 Report at a minimum the following information:13.1.1 Sample identification and group (A, B, or C),13.1.2 Date of test,13.1.
25、3 Procedure applied, and13.1.4 Test results.14. Quality Assurance14.1 Instrument performance standards, quality controlcheck samples of appropriate matrices, and duplicates shouldbe performed at an action level specified by the laboratory andat an appropriate frequency.15. Precision and Bias15.1 The
26、 precision and bias of the procedure in this testmethod is being determined.16. Keywords16.1 density; specific gravity; waste screeningD 5057 90 (2006)2ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Us
27、ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ever
28、y five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible techni
29、cal committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5057 90 (2006)3
