1、Designation: D5076 90 (Reapproved 2006)D5076/D5076M 13Standard Test Method forMeasuring Voids in Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5076;D5076/D5076M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in
2、the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method includes two procedures for measuring the area of voids in the adhe
3、sive between materials used in roofingand waterproofing systems. Both procedures require a count of the number of voids.1.2 The values givenstated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values inparentheses are for information only. stated in each s
4、ystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is t
5、he responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and WaterproofingD2829 Practice for Sampling and A
6、nalysis of Existing Built-Up Roof Systems3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D1079.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 All voids are counted and measured. In addition, in built-up roofing and waterproofing membrane samples, voids may beclassified
7、into dry, glazed, uncoated, and overlying voids (see Terminology D1079). Count and measure only voids with at leastone dimension equal to or larger than 13 mm (0.5 in.).0.5 in. Smaller adhesive layer defects are not considered voids.4.2 The void area in each adhesive layer is estimated with the aid
8、of a template, or alternatively, digitized and measured witha computer.5. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used on multi-ply roofing and waterproofing systems to measure, classify, and count thevoids between felt plies, between insulation layers, and between the membrane an
9、d insulation layers. Voids between the felt pliesor between the membrane and insulation layer in multi-ply systems can be the seeds for future blisters.5.2 In one-ply systems, this test method can be used to count and measure the voids in the adhesive in laps and, in adheredsystems, in the adhesive
10、between the membrane and the insulation.Voids in the lapping adhesive can be the source of leakage whilevoids in the lapping adhesive or in the adhesive between the membrane and insulation can be the seeds for future blisters.6. Apparatus6.1 Freezer, for conditioning bituminous samples. A standard f
11、reezer, such as that used for storing frozen foods, may be usedprovided it has the volume to loosely hold the samples to be tested. Do not store food and condition samples in the same equipment.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and is the
12、 direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 on RoofingMembrane Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006Dec. 15, 2013. Published February 2007December 2013. Originally approved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 20002006as D5076 90 (2000)(2006).1. DOI: 10.1520/D5076-90R06.10.1520/D5076
13、_D5076M-13.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is inten
14、ded only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the curren
15、t versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2 Transparent Sheets, to record the size and location of the voids. Any clear, rigid sheet that
16、can be marked with a flow pencan be used.6.3 Flow Pen, or other marking device that is compatible with the transparent sheet selected.6.4 Void Estimating TemplateA stiff, 305-mm2 (12-in.12-in.2) transparent template with a 25.4-mm (1-in.)1-in. minimumgrid. Special templates can be prepared and used
17、with lap samples, or just part of the above template can be used.6.5 Computer Equipment and Image Analysis Software, for digitizing accurate images, image enhancement such as backgroundleveling, noise cleaning and edge sharpening, and area determination by pixel (point of light) count.digitalizing a
18、ccurate images,and determining areas.7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Samples may be from the laboratory or the field as in Practice D2829.7.2 Multiply samples must be at least 305 mm2 (1212 in.2). Lap samples, for single-ply systems, must be at least 305 mm(12 in.)12 in. long by the w
19、idth of the lap.7.3 If desired, the voids may be classified into dry, glazed, or uncoated voids (see Terminology D1079).8. Procedure8.1 Delaminate the built-up roofing or waterproofing samples. Be careful to maintain the same orientation for the felts in eachsample. To facilitate splitting, use coal
20、-tar samples conditioned at 0C (32F),32F, asphalt-organic or asphalt-asbestos feltsamples conditioned at 18C (0F),0F, or asphalt-glass felt samples conditioned at 34C (30F).30F.8.2 Examine both faces of each interply area for voids. If voids are present, select the face with the largest void area fo
21、r thevoid count and area measurement in 8.3. If there are no voids, record “none” for that interface.8.3 If a void is present, cover the sample area to be measured with the clear tracing material and trace the outline of each void.Count the number of voids and mark the tracing for identification and
22、 orientation.8.4 Stack the tracings of the voids from each sample in the same orientation as the original sample and inspect the stack foroverlapping voids on adjoining sheets. Mark and report the presence of any overlapping voids. For samples from one-ply roofs,record the presence of any voids that
23、 extend through a lap.8.5 Measure the area of the voids on each tracing by estimating the void area with the aid of the template with a grid, or digitizethe voids on each tracing and calculate the void area with appropriate software. Calculate the percent voids on each tracing bymultiplying the void
24、 area by 100 and dividing by the area traced. Record the area estimated or measured and the percent voidson the tracing.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Type and source of each sample.9.1.2 Test method used. For each sample, report the number of interfaces examined and the number
25、of voids, the area of thevoids in each interface, and the percent of the voids in each interface area. Report the totals of the void count, area, and percentvoids found in each interface for each sample.9.1.3 The presence of overlapping voids and, in one ply membrane laps, the presence of any voids
26、that extend through the laparea.9.1.4 If requested, report the voids classified as dry, glazed and uncoated, as percentages of the interply areas.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is based on round-robin interlaboratory measurements of identical tracingswith void
27、areas of 43 to 419 mm2 (1.71.7 to 16.5 in.2).10.1.1 Two operators at the same laboratory or at different laboratories should not differ by more than two in the count of thevoids in an interface.10.1.2 Two operators at the same laboratory should not differ by more than 10 % of the void area in their
28、estimates of the voidarea in an interface when a computer is used. They should not differ by more than 20 % when the manual estimation method isused.10.1.3 Two laboratories should not differ by more than 33 % of the void area.10.2 BiasAreas measured with the aid of a computer tend to be 4 % higher t
29、han areas estimated with a template.D5076/D5076M 13211. Keywords11.1 roofing membranes; voids; waterproofing membranesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly
30、 advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, ei
31、ther reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend
32、. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Ind
33、ividual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured
34、 from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3 The sole source of supply of the software known to the committee at this time is Jandel Corp., 3030 Bridgeway, Sausalito, CA 94965. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technicalcommittee,1 which you may attend.D5076/D5076M 133
