1、Designation: D 5076 90 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Voids in Roofing and Waterproofing Membranes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5076; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the
2、year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method includes two procedures for measuringthe area of voids in the adhesive between materials use
3、d inroofing and waterproofing systems. Both procedures require acount of the number of voids.1.2 The values given in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa
4、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1079 Terminology Relating to Roofing and Waterproof-ingD 2
5、829 Practice for Sampling and Analysis of Built-UpRoofs3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, see Terminology D 1079.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 All voids are counted and measured. In addition, inbuilt-up roofing and waterproofing membrane samples, voidsmay b
6、e classified into dry, glazed, uncoated, and overlyingvoids (see Terminology D 1079). Count and measure onlyvoids with at least one dimension equal to or larger than 13 mm(0.5 in.). Smaller adhesive layer defects are not consideredvoids.4.2 The void area in each adhesive layer is estimated withthe a
7、id of a template, or alternatively, digitized and measuredwith a computer.5. Significance and Use5.1 This laboratory test method can be used on multi-plyroofing and waterproofing systems to measure, classify, andcount the voids between felt plies, between insulation layers,and between the membrane a
8、nd insulation layers. Voids be-tween the felt plies or between the membrane and insulationlayer in multi-ply systems can be the seeds for future blisters.5.2 In one-ply systems, this test method can be used to countand measure the voids in the adhesive in laps and, in adheredsystems, in the adhesive
9、 between the membrane and theinsulation. Voids in the lapping adhesive can be the source ofleakage while voids in the lapping adhesive or in the adhesivebetween the membrane and insulation can be the seeds forfuture blisters.6. Apparatus6.1 Freezer, for conditioning bituminous samples. A stan-dard f
10、reezer, such as that used for storing frozen foods, may beused provided it has the volume to loosely hold the samples tobe tested. Do not store food and condition samples in the sameequipment.6.2 Transparent Sheets, to record the size and location of thevoids.Any clear, rigid sheet that can be marke
11、d with a flow pencan be used.6.3 Flow Pen, or other marking device that is compatiblewith the transparent sheet selected.6.4 Void Estimating TemplateA stiff, 305-mm2(12-in.2)transparent template with a 25.4-mm (1-in.) minimum grid.Special templates can be prepared and used with lap samples,or just p
12、art of the above template can be used.6.5 Computer Equipment and Software, for digitizing accu-rate images, image enhancement such as background leveling,noise cleaning and edge sharpening, and area determination bypixel (point of light) count.37. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units7.1 Samples
13、may be from the laboratory or the field as inPractice D 2829.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofingand Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.20 onRoofing Membrane Systems.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2006. Published February 2007.
14、 Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5076 90 (2000)e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Sum
15、mary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the software known to the committee at this timeis Jandel Corp., 3030 Bridgeway, Sausalito, CA 94965. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM InternationalHeadquarters. Your comments will receive car
16、eful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7.2 Multiply samples must be at least 305 mm2(12 in.2). Lapsamples, for single-ply systems, m
17、ust be at least 305 mm (12in.) long by the width of the lap.7.3 If desired, the voids may be classified into dry, glazed,or uncoated voids (see Terminology D 1079).8. Procedure8.1 Delaminate the built-up roofing or waterproofingsamples. Be careful to maintain the same orientation for thefelts in eac
18、h sample. To facilitate splitting, use coal-tar samplesconditioned at 0C (32F), asphalt-organic or asphalt-asbestosfelt samples conditioned at 18C (0F), or asphalt-glass feltsamples conditioned at 34C (30F).8.2 Examine both faces of each interply area for voids. Ifvoids are present, select the face
19、with the largest void area forthe void count and area measurement in 8.3. If there are novoids, record “none” for that interface.8.3 If a void is present, cover the sample area to bemeasured with the clear tracing material and trace the outlineof each void. Count the number of voids and mark the tra
20、cingfor identification and orientation.8.4 Stack the tracings of the voids from each sample in thesame orientation as the original sample and inspect the stackfor overlapping voids on adjoining sheets. Mark and report thepresence of any overlapping voids. For samples from one-plyroofs, record the pr
21、esence of any voids that extend through alap.8.5 Measure the area of the voids on each tracing byestimating the void area with the aid of the template with agrid, or digitize the voids on each tracing and calculate the voidarea with appropriate software. Calculate the percent voids oneach tracing by
22、 multiplying the void area by 100 and dividingby the area traced. Record the area estimated or measured andthe percent voids on the tracing.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Type and source of each sample.9.1.2 Test method used. For each sample, report the numberof interfaces exami
23、ned and the number of voids, the area of thevoids in each interface, and the percent of the voids in eachinterface area. Report the totals of the void count, area, andpercent voids found in each interface for each sample.9.1.3 The presence of overlapping voids and, in one plymembrane laps, the prese
24、nce of any voids that extend throughthe lap area.9.1.4 If requested, report the voids classified as dry, glazedand uncoated, as percentages of the interply areas.10. Precision and Bias10.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is basedon round-robin interlaboratory measurements of identical tra
25、c-ings with void areas of 43 to 419 mm2(1.7 to 16.5 in.2).10.1.1 Two operators at the same laboratory or at differentlaboratories should not differ by more than two in the count ofthe voids in an interface.10.1.2 Two operators at the same laboratory should notdiffer by more than 10 % of the void are
26、a in their estimates ofthe void area in an interface when a computer is used. Theyshould not differ by more than 20 % when the manualestimation method is used.10.1.3 Two laboratories should not differ by more than 33 %of the void area.10.2 BiasAreas measured with the aid of a computer tendto be 4 %
27、higher than areas estimated with a template.11. Keywords11.1 roofing membranes; voids; waterproofing membranesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised
28、 that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either rea
29、pproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If yo
30、u feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5076 90 (2006)2
