1、Designation: D 5083 02Standard Test Method forTensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting PlasticsUsing Straight-Sided Specimens1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5083; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of r
2、evision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensileproperties of thermosetting reinforced p
3、lastics using test speci-mens of uniform nominal width when tested under definedconditions of pretreatment, temperature, humidity, and testing-machine speed.NOTE 1Experience with this test method to date has been limited toglass-reinforced thermosets. Applicability to other materials remains to bede
4、termined.1.2 This test method can be used for testing materials of anythickness up to 14 mm (0.55 in.).NOTE 2This test method is not intended to cover precise physicalprocedures. It is recognized that the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movementtype of test leaves much to be desired from a theoretical st
5、andpoint, thatwide differences may exist between rate-of-crosshead movement and rateof strain between gage marks on the specimen, and that the testing speedsspecified disguise important effects characteristic of materials in theplastic state. Further, it is realized that variations in the thicknesse
6、s of testspecimens that are permitted by these procedures, produce variations inthe surface-volume ratios of such specimens, and that these variations mayinfluence the test results. Hence, where directly comparable results aredesired, all samples should be of equal thickness. Special additional test
7、sshould be used where more precise physical data are needed.NOTE 3Use of this test method for testing materials of thicknessesgreater than 14 mm (0.55 in.) is not recommended. Reducing the thicknessby machining may be acceptable for materials of uniform reinforcementamount and direction, but is gene
8、rally not recommended.1.3 Test data obtained by this test method is relevant andappropriate for use in engineering design.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address a
9、ll of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 4This test method is technically equivalent to ISO 527-4e
10、xcept as noted below:(a) This test method does not include testing of the Type I dogbone shapedspecimen described in ISO 527-4. Testing of this type of specimen,primarily used for reinforced and un-reinforced thermoplastic materials, isdescribed in Test Method D 638.(b) The thickness of test specime
11、ns in this test method includes the 2 mmto 10 mm thickness range of ISO 527-4, but expands the allowable testthickness to 14 mm.NOTE 5For tensile properties of resin-matrix composites reinforcedwith oriented continuous or discontinuous high modulus 20-Gpa ( 3.03 106-psi) fibers, tests shall be made
12、in accordance with Test MethodD 3039 or ISO 527 Part 5.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lation2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing3D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics3D 883 Terminology Relating to Pl
13、astics3D 3039 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PolymerMatrix Composite Materials4D 4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Mate-rials5E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines6E 83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Exten-someters6E 691 Practice for Conduct
14、ing an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method72.2 ISO Standard:ISO 527 Plastics Determination of Tensile PropertiesPart 1: General Principles8ISO 527 Part 4 PlasticsDetermination of TensilePropertiesTest Conditions for Isotropic and OrthotropicFiber-Reinforced Plastic Compo
15、sites81This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.10 on Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved April 10, 2002. Published June 2002. Originallypublished as D 5083 90. Last previous edition D 5083 96.Note 4 w
16、as modified in this edition.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.03.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.02.6Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.7Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.8Available from Amer
17、ican National Standards Institute, 25 W. 43rd St., 4thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.ISO 527 Plastics Determination of Tensile PropertiesPart 5: Test Conditions for Unidirectional Fiber-Rein
18、forced Plastic Composites8ISO 1268 Fibre-Reinforced Plastics Methods of Produc-ing Test Plates83. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions of terms applying to this testmethod appear in Terminology D 883.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is intended for tensile testing offiber-reinforced ther
19、mosetting laminates. For injection moldedthermoplastics, both reinforced and unreinforced, Test Meth-ods D 638 is recommended. For most unidirectional fiberreinforced laminates, Test Methods D 3039 is preferred.4.2 This test method is designed to produce tensile propertydata for quality control and
20、research and development. Factorsthat influence the tensile properties, and should therefore bereported, are: material, methods of material and specimenpreparation, specimen conditioning, test environment, speed oftesting, void content, and volume percent reinforcement.4.3 It is realized that a mate
21、rial cannot be tested without alsospecifying the method of preparation of that material. Hence,when comparative tests of materials per se are desired, thegreatest care must be exercised to ensure that all samples areprepared in exactly the same way, unless the test is to includethe effects of sample
22、 preparation. Similarly, for referee pur-poses or comparisons within any given series of specimen, caremust be taken to secure the maximum degree of uniformity indetails of preparation, treatment, and handling.NOTE 6Preparation techniques for reinforced thermosetting plasticscan be found in the part
23、 of ISO 1268 appropriate to the manufacturingtechnique for the laminate.4.4 Tensile properties may provide useful data for engineer-ing design purposes. However, because of the high degree ofsensitivity exhibited by many reinforced plastics to rate ofstraining and environmental conditions, data obta
24、ined by thistest method cannot be considered valid for applications involv-ing load-time scales or environments widely different fromthose of this test method. In cases of such dissimilarity, noreliable estimation of the limit of usefulness can be made formost plastics. This sensitivity to rate of s
25、training and environ-ment necessitates testing over a broad load-time scale (includ-ing impact and creep) and range of environmental conditions.NOTE 7Since the existence of a true elastic limit in plastics (as inmany other organic materials and in many metals) is debatable, thepropriety of applying
26、the term “elastic modulus” in its quoted generallyaccepted definition to describe the “stiffness” or stress-strain characteris-tics of plastic materials is highly dependent on such factors as rate ofapplication of stress, temperature, previous history of specimen, etc.However, stress-strain curves f
27、or plastics, determined as described in thistest method, almost always show a linear region at low stresses. A straightline drawn tangent to this portion of the curve permits calculation of anelastic modulus of the usually defined type. Such a constant is useful if itsarbitrary nature and dependence
28、 on time, temperature, and similar factorsare realized.4.5 For many materials, there may be a specification thatrequires the use of this test method, but with some proceduralmodifications that take precedence when adhering to thespecification. Therefore, it is advisable to refer to that materialspec
29、ification before using this test method. Table 1 of Classi-fication D 4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that cur-rently exist.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type and comprising essentiallythe following:5.1.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or es
30、sentially stationarymember carrying one grip.5.1.2 Movable MemberA movable member carrying asecond grip.5.1.3 Grip:5.1.3.1 Grips for holding the test specimen between thefixed member and the movable member. The grips shall beself-aligning, that is, they shall be attached to the fixed andmovable memb
31、er, respectively, in such a manner that they willmove freely into alignment as soon as any load is applied, sothat the long axis of the test specimen will coincide with thedirection of the applied load through the center line of the gripassembly. Align the specimen as perfectly as possible with thed
32、irection of pull so that no rotary motion that may induceslippage will occur in the grips; there is a limit to the amountof misalignment self-aligning grips will accommodate.5.1.3.2 Mount the test specimen in such a way that slippagerelative to the grips is prevented insofar as possible. Gripsurface
33、s that are deeply scored or serrated with a patternsimilar to those of a coarse single-cut file, serrations about 0.09in. (2.4 mm) apart and about 0.06 in. (1.6 mm) deep or finer,have been found satisfactory for most thermosetting materials.The serrations should be kept clean and sharp. Breaking in
34、thegrips may occur at times, even when deep serrations or abradedspecimen surfaces are used; other techniques must be used inthese cases. Other techniques that have been found useful,particularly with smooth-faced grips, are abrading that portionof the surface of the specimen that will be in the gri
35、ps, andTABLE 1 Tensile Strength at Break, psi, for Six Laboratories,Six MaterialsNOTE 1SMC = Sheet Molding Compound.BMC = Bulk Molding Compound.POLY = Polyester Resin/Glass Fiber Mat Reinforced.PUL = Pultruded Ladder Rail.CSM = Vinylester/Glass Fiber Mat Reinforced.URE = Urethane Resin/Glass Fiber M
36、at Reinforced.Straight-SidedMaterial Average SrASRBrCRDBMC 6125 580 784 1624 2197SMC 9650 669 708 1875 1983CSM 12 882 1431 1475 4009 4131URE 16 491 844 844 2365 2365POLY 17 784 1599 1599 4477 4477PUL 81 868 1902 3188 5326 8927ASris the within-laboratory standard deviation of the average (median/othe
37、rfunction).BSRis the between laboratories standard deviation of the average (median/other function).Cr is the within-laboratory repeatability limit = 2.8 Sr.DR is the between-laboratories reproducibility limit = 2.8 SR.D5083022interposing thin pieces of abrasive cloth, abrasive paper, orplastic or r
38、ubber-coated fabric, commonly called hospitalsheeting, between the specimen and the grip surface. Number80 double-sided abrasive paper has been found effective inmany cases. An open-mesh fabric, in which the threads arecoated with abrasive, has also been effective. The use of specialtypes of grips i
39、s sometimes necessary to eliminate slippage andbreakage in the grips.5.1.4 Drive MechanismA drive mechanism for impartingto the movable member a controlled velocity with respect tothe stationary member, this velocity to be regulated as specifiedin Section 8.5.1.5 Load IndicatorA suitable load-indica
40、ting mecha-nism capable of showing the total tensile load carried by thetest specimen when held by the grips. This mechanism shall beessentially free of inertia lag at the specified rate of testing andshall indicate the load with an accuracy of 61 % of theindicated value, or better. The accuracy of
41、the testing machineshall be verified in accordance with Practices E 4.NOTE 8Experience has shown that many testing machines now in useare incapable of maintaining accuracy for as long as the periods betweeninspection recommended in Practices E 4. Hence, it is recommended thateach machine be studied
42、individually and verified as often as may befound necessary. It may be necessary to perform this function daily.5.1.6 The fixed member, movable member, drive mecha-nism, and grips shall be constructed of such materials and insuch proportions that the total elastic longitudinal strain of thesystem co
43、nstituted by these parts does not exceed 1 % of thetotal longitudinal strain between the two gage marks on the testspecimen at any time during the test and at any load up to therated capacity of the machine.5.2 StrainStrain may be determined by means of anextension indicator or strain indicator. If
44、Poissons ratio is to bedetermined, the specimen must be instrumented to measurestrain in both longitudinal and lateral directions.5.2.1 Extension Indicator (Extensometer)A suitable in-strument for determining the distance between two designatedfixed points within the gage length of the test specimen
45、 as thespecimen is stretched. It is desirable, but not essential, that thisinstrument automatically record the distance, or any change init, or of the elapsed time from the start of the test, or both. Ifonly the latter is obtained, load-time data must also be taken.This instrument shall be essential
46、ly free of inertia at thespecified speed of testing. Extensometers shall be classifiedand calibration periodically verified in accordance with Prac-tice E 83.5.2.2 Modulus MeasurementsFor modulus measurement,an extensometer with a maximum strain error of 0.0002mm/mm or 0.0002 in./in. that automatica
47、lly and continuouslyrecords strain shall be used. A Class B-2 extensometer (seePractice E 83) meets this requirement.5.2.3 Low-Extension MeasurementsFor low-extensionmeasurements beyond the modulus range but below 20 %extension, the extensometer system must meet, at least, Prac-tice E 83 Class C req
48、uirements. This requires a fixed strainerror of .0025 mm (.001 in.) or less, or the capability of readingto 61 % of the indicated strain, whichever is greater.5.2.4 High-Extension MeasurementsFor measurementsgreater than 20 %, and beyond the yield point of the material,strain-measuring techniques wi
49、th error no greater than 610 %of the measured value are acceptable.5.2.5 When desired, the specimen may be instrumented withstrain gages. Proper preparation of the specimen surface andgage as well as mounting of the gage to the specimen surface,is mandatory to ensure reliable and accurate strain measure-ments.NOTE 9Bonded strain gages can accurately measure strain directlybelow the gage. Reinforced or discontinuous laminates may producelocalized strain fields directly under the gage that are not identified bystandard averaging extensometers. For strain gag
