1、Designation: D 5088 02Standard Practices forDecontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste Sites1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5088; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisio
2、n. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This practice covers the decontamination of field equip-ment used in the sampling of soils, soil gas, sludges, surfacewater, and
3、 ground water at waste sites which are to undergoboth physical and chemical analyses.1.2 These practices are applicable only at sites wherechemical (organic and inorganic) wastes are a concern. It is notintended for use at radiological, mixed (chemical and radio-logical), or biohazard sites.1.3 Proc
4、edures are included for the decontamination ofequipment which comes into contact with the sample matrix(sample contacting equipment) and for ancillary equipmentthat has not contacted the portion of sample to be analyzed(non-sample contacting equipment).1.4 These practices are based on commonly recog
5、nizedmethods by which equipment may be decontaminated. Theprocedures described for sample contacting equipment arecommonly prescribed, however there is a minimum of scien-tific data that supports these methods (Mickam et al. 19892,Parker34, 1995). Therefore the user is reminded of the impor-tance of
6、 QA/QC samples that document decontaminationeffectiveness and that these samples can be used to modify orenhance decontamination techniques. Decontamination at ra-diologically contaminated sites should refer to PracticeD 5608.1.5 This practice is applicable to most conventional sam-pling equipment c
7、onstructed of metallic and synthetic materi-als. The manufacturer of a specific sampling apparatus shouldbe contacted if there is concern regarding the reactivity of adecontamination rinsing agent with the equipment.1.6 This practice offers an organized collection of informa-tion or a series of opti
8、ons and does not recommend a specificcourse of action. This document cannot replace education orexperience and should be used in conjunction with professionaljudgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable inall circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended torepresent or replace t
9、he standard of care by which theadequacy of a given professional service must be judged, norshould this document be applied without consideration of aprojects many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in thetitle of this document means only that the documents has beenapproved through the ASTM consens
10、us process1.7 This standard does not purport to address the safetyproblems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of theuser of this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.2. Referenced Documents
11、2.1 ASTM Standards:D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluids5D 5608 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Low Level Radioactive Waste Sites53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 contaminantan undesirable substance not normallypresent or an unusually high concentrat
12、ion of a naturallyoccurring substance in water or soil.3.1.2 control rinse waterwater used for equipment wash-ing and rinsing having a known chemistry.3.1.3 decontaminationthe process of removing or reduc-ing to a known level undesirable physical or chemical constitu-ents, or both, from a sampling a
13、pparatus to maximize therepresentativeness of physical or chemical analyses proposedfor a given sample.3.1.4 non-sample contacting equipmentrelated equipmentassociated with the sampling effort, but that does not directlycontact the sample (for example, augers, drilling rods, excava-tions machinery).
14、3.1.5 quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC)the ef-forts completed to evaluate the accuracy and precision of asampling or testing procedure, or both.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Wat
15、er andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published April 2002 Originallypublished as D 508890. Last previous edition D 508890.2Mickam, J.T., R. Bellandi, and E.C. Tifft, Jr., 1989, Equipment Decontamina-tion Procedures for Ground Water and Vadose Zone Monitoring Progr
16、ams: Statusand Prospects, Ground Water Monitoring Review 9, No 2:100121.3Parker, L.V., 1996A Literature Review on Decontaminating GroundwaterSampling Devices: Organic Contaminates.CRREL Report 9514, U.S. Army ColdRegions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.4Parker, L.V., and T.A. Ranney
17、, 1997a. Decontamination Materials Used inGroundwater Sampling Devices. CRREL Special Report 9724, U.S. Army ColdRegions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM Intern
18、ational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.6 sample contacting equipmentequpiment that comesin direct contact with the sample or portion of sample that willundergo chemical analyses or physical testing (for example,ground water well bailer, split
19、-spoon sampler, soil gas sam-pling probe).3.1.7 For definitions of other terms used in this practice, seeTerminology D 653.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Two different procedures are presented for the decon-tamination of sample-contacting and non-sample contactingequipment. The procedures have been devel
20、oped based on areview of current state and federal guidelines, as well as asummary of commonly employed procedures. In general,sample contacting equipment should be washed with a deter-gent solution followed by a series of control water, desorbingagents and deionized water rinses. Nonsample contacti
21、ngequipment should be washed with a detergent solution andrinsed with control water. Although such techniques may bedifficult to perform in the field, they may be necessary to mostaccurately evaluate low concentrations of the chemical con-stituent(s) of interest.4.2 Prior to initiating a field progr
22、am that will involveequipment decontamination, a site specific equipment decon-tamination protocol should be prepared for distribution to theindividuals involved with the particular sampling program.Information to be presented in the protocol should include:4.2.1 Site location and description,4.2.2
23、Statement of the sampling program objective anddesired precision and accuracy, that is, is sampling effort forgross qualitative evaluation or for trace concentration, param-eter specific evaluations,4.2.3 Summary of available information regarding soiltypes, hydrogeology and anticipated chemistry of
24、 the materialsto be sampled,4.2.4 Listing of equipment to be used for sampling andmaterials needed for decontamination,4.2.5 Detailed step by step procedure for equipment decon-tamination for each piece or type of equipment to be utilizedand procedures for rinse fluids containment and disposal asapp
25、ropriate,4.2.6 Summary of QA/QC procedures and QA/QC samplesto be collected to document decontamination completenessincluding specific type of chemical analyses and their associ-ated detection limit, and4.2.7 Outline of equipment decontamination verificationreport.5. Significance and Use5.1 An appro
26、priately developed, executed and documentedequipment decontamination procedure is an integral and essen-tial part of waste site investigations. The benefits of its useinclude:5.1.1 Minimizing the spread of contaminants within a studyarea and from site to site,5.1.2 Reducing the potential for worker
27、exposure by meansof contact with contaminated sampling equipment, and5.1.3 Improved data quality and reliability.5.2 This practice is not a substitute for a well-documentedQuality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) program. Be-cause the ultimate test of a decontamination procedure is itsability to mi
28、nimize erroneous data, a reasonable QA/QCprogram must be implemented.5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all waste sites.When a sampling effort is completed to determine only thegeneral range of chemical concentrations of interest lessrigorous decontamination procedures can be adequate. Inves
29、-tigators should have the flexibility to modify the decontamina-tion procedures with due consideration for the samplingobjective or if QA/QC documentation supports alternativedecontamination methods.5.4 At sites where the reactivity of sampling equipment todecontamination washes creates concern for
30、the generation ofundesirable chemical by-products, the use of dedicated sam-pling equipment should be considered.5.5 This practice, where applicable, should be used before,between, and after the completion of sampling events.5.6 These practices are appropriate for use at sites wherechemical (organic
31、 and inorganic) contamination is known orexpected. The application of these practices to other types ofsites radiological, mixed (radiological and chemical), or bio-hazard contaminated sites may not be applicable. The applica-tion of these practices to these types of sites should beundertaken with c
32、are and consideration, along with QA/QCdocumentation that supports the effectiveness of these decon-tamination techniques.6. Reagents6.1 Detergent, non-phosphate detergent solution.66.2 Acid rinse (inorganic desorbing agent), 10 % nitric orhydrochloric acid solution-made from reagent grade nitric or
33、hydrochloric acid and deionized water (1 % is to be applied tolow-carbon steel equipment).6.3 Solvent rinse (organic desorbing agent), isopropanol,acetone, or methanol; pesticide grade.6.4 Control rinse water, preferably from a water system ofknown chemical composition.6.5 Deionized water, organic-f
34、ree reagent grade.7. Procedure for Sample Contacting Equipment7.1 At a minimum, sample contacting equipment should bewashed with a detergent solution and rinsed with control water.7.2 For programs requiring more rigorous decontaminationto meet the sampling or QA/QC objectives, the followingprocedure
35、s are indicated+. Table 1 provides applications ofvarious solutions for decontamination of field equipment andmaterials. Table 2 provides commonly recommended decon-tamination procedures for various equipment and materials,7.2.1 Wash with detergent solution, using a brush made ofinert material to re
36、move any particles or surface film.7.2.1.1 For equipment that, because of internal mechanismor tubing cannot be adequately cleaned with a brush, thedecontamination solutions should be circulated through theequipment.6Liquinox or Detergent 8 or similar solution has been found suitable for thispurpose
37、. Detergent 8 is recommended for spray cleaning.D50880227.2.2 Rinse thoroughly with control water.7.2.3 Rinse with an inorganic desorbing agent (may bedeleted if samples will not undergo inorganic chemical analy-sis). This rinse is effective only on non-metal surfaces.7.2.4 Rinse with control water.
38、7.2.5 Rinse with organic desorbing agent (may be deleted ifsamples will not undergo organic chemical analyses).7.2.6 Rinse with deionized water.7.2.7 Allow equipment to air dry prior to next use.7.2.8 Wrap equipment for transport with inert material(aluminum foil or plastic wrap) to direct contact w
39、ith poten-tially contaminated material.7.3 Nonsample Contact Equipment:7.3.1 Clean the equipment with portable power washer orsteam cleaning machine. Alternatively, hand wash with brushusing detergent solution.7.3.2 Rinse with control water.7.3.3 The more rigorous decontamination procedures maybe em
40、ployed if necessary to meet sampling or QA/QC objec-tives.7.4 Depending on site conditions, it may be appropriate tocontain spent decontamination rinse fluids. If this is the casethe appropriate vessel7for fluid containment should be useddepending on the ultimate disposition of the material.7.5 Depe
41、nding on site conditions, it may be desirable toperform all equipment decontamination at a centralized loca-tion as opposed to the location where the equipment was used.If this is the case, care must be taken to transport the equipmentto the decontamination area such that the spread of contami-nants
42、 is minimized.8. Quality Assurance/Quality Control8.1 It is important to document the effectiveness of thedecontamination procedure. To that end the projects QA/QCprogram should include provisions for the collection ofsamples to evaluate the completeness of a specific decontami-nation procedure. Thi
43、s could include:8.1.1 Collection of rinse or wipe samples before the initialequipment decontamination prior to its use for sampling toestablish a base line level of contaminants residing on or in theequipment,7A drum approved by the Department of Transportation or similar container hasbeen found sui
44、table for this purpose.TABLE 1 Applications of Various Solutions for Decontaminationof Field Equipment and MaterialsABCSolution Concentrations RemarksPortable Water Tap water(demonstrated to beanalyte free)Used under high pressure or steam to remove heavy mud and dirt, orto rinse off other solutions
45、Laboratory-gradewaterDistilledDeionizedReagengrade distilledand deionized waterLow sudsingnon-phosphatedetergents(Liquinox,Detergent 8)Typical concentrationsare 0.5 to 2% solutionby volumeGeneral all-purpose cleaner.Detergent 8 is recommended for spray cleaning.Sodiumcarbonate(baking soda)5 to 15% a
46、queoussolutionUsed to neutralize either acidic or strongly basic contaminantsSodiumcarbonate(washing soda)10 to 20% aqueoussolutionEffective for neutralizing inorganic acids, organic acids, heavymetals, metal processing wastes.Trisodiumphosphate (TSPOakite)10% aqueous solution Similar to sodium carb
47、onate. Good rinsing solution for organiccompounds (such as toluene, chloroform, TCE, PBBs, and PCBs).Calciumhypochlorite(HTH)10% aqueous solution Disinfectant, bleaching, and oxidizing agent for pesticides, fungicides,chlorinated phenols, dioxins, cyanides, ammonia and other non-acidicinorganic wast
48、es.Hydrochloricacid, nitric acid10% nitric10% to 20%hydrochloricUsed for inorganic bases, alkali and caustic wastesCitric, tartaric,oxalic acids ortheir respectivesalts5% solution Used to clean heavy-metal contaminantsOrganic solvents Concentrated Used to remove organic compounds that have poor solu
49、bility inwater, such as oil and grease. do not use a solvent that is one of theanalytes of interest or interferes with analyses. Porous materials suchas polymers can absorb these solvents.AExamples of commonly recommended cleaning solvents include pesticide-grade” isopropanol, acetone, methanol, hexane, heptane, and ethanol.BAdapted for Mickam et al. (1989), Moberly (1985), and Richter and Collentine(1983).CMany of the solvents listed are themselves hazardous materials. Care shouldbe taken in both use and disposal of these materials.D5088023TABLE 2 Commonly Recommended Decont
