1、Designation: D 5091 95 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Guide forWater Analysis for Electrodialysis/Electrodialysis ReversalApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the determinations that should beperformed on any given water if processing by e
3、lectrodialysis/electrodialysis reversal is being considered.1.2 This guide is applicable to all waters but is not neces-sarily complete for wastewaters.1.3 This is a guide only and should not be construed as acomplete delineation of all analysis required for a specificapplication.1.4 This standard d
4、oes not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM St
5、andards:2D511 Test Methods for Calcium and Magnesium In WaterD 512 Test Methods for Chloride Ion In WaterD 516 Test Method for Sulfate Ion in WaterD 857 Test Method for Aluminum in WaterD 858 Test Methods for Manganese in WaterD 1067 Test Methods for Acidity or Alkalinity of WaterD 1068 Test Methods
6、 for Iron in WaterD 1125 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity and Re-sistivity of WaterD 1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD 1179 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in WaterD 1253 Test Method for Residual Chlorine in WaterD 1293 Test Methods for pH of WaterD 1889 Test Method for Turbidity of Water3D
7、2579 Test Method for Total Organic Carbon in Water3D 3352 Test Method for Strontium Ion in Brackish Water,Seawater, and BrinesD 3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed ConduitsD 3561 Test Method for Lithium, Potassium, and SodiumIons in Brackish Water, Seawater, and Brines by AtomicAbsorption
8、SpectrophotometryD 3867 Test Methods for Nitrite-Nitrate in WaterD 3920 Test Method for Strontium in WaterD 4189 Test Method for Silt Density Index (SDI) of WaterD 4191 Test Method for Sodium in Water by AtomicAbsorption SpectrophotometryD 4192 Test Method for Potassium in Water by AtomicAbsorption
9、SpectrophotometryD 4327 Test Method for Anions in Water by ChemicallySuppressed Ion ChromatographyD 4382 Test Method for Barium in Water, Atomic Absorp-tion Spectrophotometry, Graphite FurnaceD 4658 Test Method for Sulfide Ion in WaterD 4839 Test Method for Total Carbon and Organic Carbonin Water by
10、 Ultraviolet, or Persulfate Oxidation, or Both,and Infrared Detection2.2 American Public Health Association Standards:Standard Methods for the Examination of Water andWastewater, Eighteenth Edition, 1992, pp. 4-123 to 4-12843. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this guide,ref
11、er to Terminology D 1129.4. Summary of Guide4.1 This guide consists of recommended water analyses forions, gases, suspended materials, organics, temperature, andpH for potential applications of electrodialysis/electrodialysisreversal.5. Significance and Use5.1 The design of an electrodialysis/electr
12、odialysis reversalsystem is determined by the composition of the feedwater and1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.08 on Membranes and Ion ExchangeMaterials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 20
13、08. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5091 95 (2001).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Su
14、mmary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available fromAmerican Public HealthAssociation (APHA), 800 I Street, NW,Washington, DC 20001, http:/www.apha.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.the desired composition of th
15、e product water. The determina-tions and measurements performed in this guide will providethe necessary information for making design projections ofstaging and power consumption.5.2 The recovery at which an electrodialysis/electrodialysisreversal system can be safely operated is dependent on thecomp
16、osition of the feed solution. The determinations measure-ments performed in this guide will provide data for thecalculation of the maximum recovery of a system utilizing aspecific feed water.5.3 The determinations and measurements performed in thisguide will be valuable for determining needed pretre
17、atment formeeting specific product water requirements with the specificfeed water.6. Procedure6.1 Collect a sample of the water to be tested in accordancewith Practices D 3370.6.2 Determine the concentration of:SodiumTest Methods D 3561, D 4191 (Na+)CalciumTest Methods D511 (Ca+)MagnesiumTest Method
18、s D511 (Mg+)PotassiumTest Methods D 3561, D 4192 (K+)ChlorideTest Methods D 512, D 4327 (Cl)BicarbonateTest Methods D 1067 (HCO3)CarbonateTest Methods D 1067 (CO3)SulfateTest Methods D 516, D 4327 (SO4)NitrateTest Methods D 3867, D 4327 (NO3)ManganeseTest Methods D 858 (Mn) total and dissolvedIronTe
19、st Methods D 1068 (Fe) total and dissolvedAluminumTest Methods D 857 (Al)BariumTest Methods D 4382 (Ba+)StrontiumTest Methods D 3352, D 3920 (Sr+)FluorideTest Methods D 1179 (F)The results may be expressed as (a) milligrams per litre(mg/L) as the ion; (b) milligrams per litre (mg/L) as calciumcarbon
20、ate; or (c) as milliequivalents per liter (meq/L).NOTE 1The total cations and total anions (expressed as milliequiva-lents per liter calcium carbonate) should balance within 5 %. A largerdifference indicates an error in analysis or the presence of a significantquantity of an ionic species not listed
21、 in this guide.6.3 Determine the organic carbon content of the water usingTest Methods D 2579 or D 4839.6.4 Determine the concentration of:Sulfide ion(Test Method D 4658 or see 2.2)(S)Free and total chlorine(Test Method D 1253)(Cl2)6.4.1 Free and total chlorine should be determined on site atthe tim
22、e the sample is collected.6.5 Determine the:pH (Test Methods D 1293)TemperatureTurbidity (Test Method D 1889, Sections 10 through 16)Conductivity (Test Methods D 1125)Silt density index (Test Method D 4189)6.5.1 Silt density index is applicable only to relatively lowturbidity waters (less than 1 NTU
23、) such as well water, filteredwater, or clarified effluent samples.6.5.2 pH, temperature, and silt density index should bemeasured on site at the time the sample is collected.7. Precision and Bias7.1 The precision and bias of this guide are a function ofeach individual determination and are given wh
24、ere applicablein the documents that are referenced.8. Keywords8.1 desalination; desalting; electrodialysisASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised tha
25、t determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappro
26、ved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you fe
27、el that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5091 95 (2007)2
