1、Designation: D 5103 07Standard Test Method forLength and Length Distribution of Manufactured StapleFibers (Single-Fiber Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5103; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of averagestaple length and staple length distribution of bo
3、th manufac-tured and natural fibers by manually measuring single fiberlengths. This test method is also used to measure the length offibers removed from a staple yarn, but such a measurementmay not represent the fibers staple length, as manufactured.1.2 Because this test method requires measuring th
4、e lengthof only 50 fibers, it is not suitable for use in determining thenumber of long fibers that occur infrequently in a sample.NOTE 1For determination for overlength fibers, refer to Test MethodD 3513.NOTE 2For methods covering the determination of the average lengthand length distribution of nat
5、ural fibers, refer to the following methods:for cotton, Test Method D 1440, and Test Method D 1447, for wool, TestMethod D 519, Test Method D 1234, and Test Method D 1575.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
6、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 519 Test Method for Length of Fiber in Wool TopD 1234 Test Me
7、thod of Sampling and Testing Staple Lengthof Grease WoolD 1440 Test Method for Length and Length Distribution ofCotton Fibers (Array Method)D 1447 Test Method for Length and Length Uniformity ofCotton Fibers by Fibrograph MeasurementD 1575 Test Method for Fiber Length of Wool in ScouredWool and in C
8、ard SliverD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2258 Practice for Sampling Yarn for TestingD 3333 Practice for Sampling Manufactured Staple Fibers,Sliver, or Tow for TestingD3513 Test Method for Overlength Fiber Content ofManufactured Staple FiberD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns
9、 and Fibers3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns andFibers, refer to Terminology D 4849.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:length distribution, velveteen.3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-nology D 123.4. Summary of Test Method
10、4.1 Each fiber to be tested is gripped at the tips with forceps,fully extended without stretching, and measured. The averagefiber length of the measured fibers is calculated and the lengthdistribution curve is plotted.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used for research, development,qual
11、ity control, product specifications, and may be used foracceptance testing of commercial shipments of textile fibers.However, caution is advised since information on between-laboratory precision is lacking. Comparative tests as directed in5.1.1 may be advisable.5.1.1 If there are differences of prac
12、tical significance be-tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),comparative tests should be performed to determine if there isa statistical bias between them, using competent statisticalassistance.As a minimum, test samples that are as homogenousas possible, drawn from the material
13、from which the disparatetest results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equalnumbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from thetwo laboratories should be compared using a statistical test forupaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing1This test method is unde
14、r the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and FibersCurrent edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published February 2007. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5103 01.2For referenced ASTM standard
15、s, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 1
16、9428-2959, United States.series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found andcorrected, or future test results for that material must beadjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 This test method provides objective measurements fordetermining the average fiber length and length distri
17、bution ina sample of fiber.5.3 The staple length diagram of a fiber sample can be usedto determine the relative number of fibers above and below aspecified length. If a fiber is too long, it will not process wellin spinning, and if there is a preponderance of short fibers, theyarn might have lower t
18、han normal breaking strength.6. Apparatus6.1 Test Board, covered with suitable material, for example,velveteen, of contrasting color to that of the fiber and at least10 mm (12 in.) longer than the longest fiber to be measured.6.2 Precision Scale, graduated with 1.0-mm (0.02-in.) divi-sions.6.3 Illum
19、inated Magnifier,3with a 33103 lens equippedwith illumination, optional (see 9.7).6.4 Forceps,4two pairs, fine-pointed forceps, curved orstraight tips.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SamplingAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of shipping containers directed inthe applicable material
20、 specification or other agreement be-tween the purchaser and supplier, such as an agreement to usePractice D 3333 or Practice D 2258. Consider shipping con-tainers to be the primary sampling units.NOTE 3An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser or supplier requires taking int
21、o account the variability betweenshipping units, between packages, ends or other laboratory sampling unitswithin a shipping unit if applicable, and within specimens from singlepackage, end or other laboratory sampling units to provide a samplingplan with a meaningful producers risk, consumers risk,
22、acceptablequality level, and limiting quantity level.7.2 Laboratory SampleAs a laboratory sample for accep-tance testing, take at random from each shipping container inthe lot sample the number of laboratory sampling units asdirected in an applicable material specification or other agree-ment betwee
23、n the purchaser and supplier such as an agreementto use Practice D 3333 or Practice D 2258. Preferably, the samenumber of laboratory sampling units are taken from eachshipping container in the lot sample. If differing numbers oflaboratory sampling units are to be taken from shippingcontainers in the
24、 lot sample, determine at random whichshipping containers are to have each number of laboratory unitsdrawn.7.2.1 For Staple FiberTake 50-g samples from laboratoryunits.7.2.2 For Sliver (or Top) or TowTake 1 m from theleading end which has a clean, uniform appearance.7.2.3 For YarnsPrepare at least a
25、 50-m skein from eachpackage.7.3 Test SpecimensFrom each laboratory sampling unit,take ten specimens at random. If the standard deviationdetermined for the ten specimens is more than a value agreedupon between the purchaser and supplier, continue testing ingroups of ten specimens from the same labor
26、atory samplingunit until the standard deviation for all specimens tested is notmore than the agreed to value or, by agreement, stop testingafter a specified number.7.3.1 Carefully remove twist before taking specimens fromyarn. Using tweezers and grasping the specimens at the ends,gently remove the r
27、equired number of specimens from thelaboratory sampling units for testing. In some cases, if speci-mens are not to be tested immediately, place them on anidentified short-pile of plush surface for storage until ready totest.8. Conditioning8.1 Conditioning is not necessary unless the material isrecei
28、ved in an unusual state, for example, water soaked. If asample is received in an unusual state, precondition andcondition as directed in Practice D 1776.9. Procedure9.1 Test the specimens in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, which is 70 6 2F (21 6 1C) and 65 6 2%relative humidity.9.2 Clea
29、n the test board by using the sticky side of pressure-sensitive cellophane tape, vacuuming, or other suitable methodto remove debris.9.3 Switch on the illuminated magnifier.9.4 Place the measuring scale on the test board.9.5 Pull an individual fiber gently from the laboratorysample.9.6 Grip both end
30、s of the fiber with forceps perpendicular tothe axis of the fiber. The ends of the fiber should be in line withthe tips of the forceps.9.7 Place the tip of the forceps that is gripping one end ofthe fiber at a reference point on the measuring scale. Anilluminated magnifier may be useful for more pre
31、cise align-ment of the end of the fiber and the references point.9.8 Without stretching the fiber, extend it to full extension toremove the crimp by moving the forceps gripping the other endof the fiber along the measuring scale. Read the length of thefiber to the nearest 1.0 mm (0.02 in.).9.9 Repea
32、t operations as directed in 9.5-9.9 to measure theremaining fibers.10. Calculation10.1 Tally the fiber measurements and arrange them indescending order as shown in Table 1 or Table 2.10.2 Calculate the average fiber length for each laboratorysampling unit and for the lot.3A lamp satisfying this requ
33、irement is obtainable from Jenson Tools, Inc.Temple, AZ. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide thisinformation to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receivecareful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1whichyou may attend.4A pair of f
34、orceps satisfying the requirements is obtainable from FisherScientific, 711 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15219. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsiblet
35、echnical committee,1which you may attend.D510307210.3 Calculate the cumulative percentage of fibers for eachgroup. Starting with the longest length group, add each numberof fibers in the length group to the sum of the fibers in theproceeding length group to obtain the cumulative number offibers. Con
36、vert these cumulative numbers of fibers to percentas shown in column 3 of Table 1 or Table 2.10.4 Draw a staple length distribution curve by plotting thecumulative percent values shown in Table 1 or Table 2 asabscissa against the respective fiber length group as ordinate,as shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2
37、.10.5 Calculate the standard deviation and coefficient ofvariation.511. Report11.1 State that the specimens were tested in accordance withTest Method D 5103. Describe the materials or productsampled and the method of sampling used.11.2 Report the following information for each specimen:11.2.1 Tally
38、of measured fibers as shown in Table 1 or Table2,11.2.2 Staple length distribution curve of the fibers asillustrated in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2,11.2.3 Average fiber length for each laboratory samplingunit and for the lot, and11.2.4 Standard deviation, and coefficient of variation, ifrequested.12. Precision
39、 and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this method is to beestablished.12.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecause the value of these properties can be defined only interms of a test method.13. Keywords13.1 length; textile fibers5ASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Cha
40、rt Analysis, STP 15D,p. 21.TABLE 1 Example Tally of Measured Fibers (SI)Length Group,mmNumber of FibersCumulative Numberof Fibers, %42.0 1 241.5 1 441.0 1 640.5 1 840.0 2 1239.5 1 1439.0 2 1838.5 6 3038.0 12 5437.5 7 6837.0 3 7436.5 2 7836.0 4 8635.5 2 9035.0 1 9234.5 1 9434.0 1 9633.5 1 9833.0 1 10
41、0Total 50TABLE 2 Example Tally of Measured Fibers (Inch-Pound)Length Group,in.Number of FibersCumulative Numberof Fibers,%1.66 1 21.63 1 41.61 1 61.59 1 81.57 1 101.55 1 121.53 2 161.51 3 221.49 5 321.47 10 521.45 7 661.43 4 741.41 3 801.39 4 881.37 3 941.35 1 961.33 1 981.31 1 100Total 50FIG. 1 Exa
42、mple Tally of Measured Fibers, mmFIG. 2 Example Tally of Measured Fibers, in.D5103073ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of th
43、e validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. You
44、r comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments
45、 have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5103074
