1、Designation: D 5132 04Standard Test Method forHorizontal Burning Rate of Polymeric Materials Used inOccupant Compartments of Motor Vehicles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5132; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method is intended for use as a small-scalelaboratory procedure for comparing
3、 the relative horizontalburning rates of polymeric materials used in occupant com-partments of motor vehicles.1.2 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are to be regardedas standard.1.3 This test method, Federal Safety Standard MVSS 302,SAE J369, and ISO 3795 Standards are technically equivalent.1.4 Th
4、is standard is used to measure and describe theresponse of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flameunder controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporateall factors required for fire hazards or fire risk assessment ofmaterials, products, or assemblies under actual fire condition
5、s.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific haz
6、ardstatements are given in Section 7.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used in Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Te
7、st Method2.2 Federal Safety Standard:MVSS 302 Flammability of Interior Materials-PassengerCars, Multipurpose Passenger Vehicles, Trucks andBuses32.3 SAE Standard:SAE J369 Flammability of Polymeric Interior Materials -Horizontal Test Method42.4 ISO Standard:ISO 3795 Road vehicles, and tractors and ma
8、chinery foragriculture and forestryDetermination of burning be-havior of interior materials53. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of fire-related terms used inthis test method refer to Terminology E 176.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method employs a standard test specimen (100by 356)
9、 mm with a thickness up to 13 mm, mounted in aU-shaped metal frame. The specimen is ignited by means of a38-mm high flame from an appropriate burner, and the burningrate of the material is determined.4.2 The rate of burning is determined by measurements ofthe horizontal distance burned in relation t
10、o the time ofburning, and reported for each set of specimens.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory proce-dure for measuring and comparing the burning rates ofpolymeric materials under specified controlled conditions.5.2 The rate of burning is affected by such fac
11、tors as density,direction of rise, and type and amount of surface treatments.The thickness of the finished specimens must also be taken intoaccount. These factors must be considered in order to comparematerials on the same basis.5.3 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one ormore specif
12、ic sets of laboratory test conditions. If different testconditions are substituted or the end-use conditions arechanged, it is not always possible by or from this test methodto predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristicsmeasured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire teste
13、xposure conditions described in this procedure.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.Current edition approved July 1, 2004. Published July 2004. Originally approvedin 1990. Last previ
14、ous edition approved in 2003 as D 5132 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3United States Code
15、 of Federal Regulations, 49 CFR 571.302, 36 FR 28991,available from Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.4Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 CommonwealthDr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.5Available from International Organization for S
16、tandardization (ISO), 1 rue deVaremb, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Apparatus6.1 The apparatus sh
17、all be as shown in Figs. 1-6 and shallinclude the following:6.1.1 Test ChamberA chamber approximately 380 by 355by 200 mm constructed of 1.251.50 mm steel sheet andfabricated in accordance with Fig. 1.6.1.2 Laboratory BurnerConstructed in accordance withSpecification D 5025.NOTE 1The burner may be m
18、ounted on the door, as shown in Fig. 6,to ensure proper alignment.6.1.3 Gas SupplyMethane or natural gas having a heatingvalue of 37 6 1 MJ/m3regulated to approximately 20 kPa.6.1.4 Specimen Holder SupportAdevice capable of main-taining the specimen holder horizontally in place so that the topof the
19、 burner tube is positioned 19 mm below the top surfaceof the bottom U-shaped frame when placed in the specimenholder support, as shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. The base of thesupport shall not obstruct the ventilation holes in the base ofthe cabinet.NOTE 2Limited data indicates that the use of a “drip
20、tray” under thespecimen holder does not significantly affect the test results. If differencesare observed by the testing laboratory, the drip tray shall be removed.6.1.5 Specimen HolderTwo matching U-shaped frames ofnoncorroding metal stock 25 mm wide and 10 mm high. Theinterior dimensions of the U-
21、shaped frames are 50 mm wide by330 mm long.Aspecimen that softens and bends at the flamingend so as to cause erratic burning is kept horizontal by supportsconsisting of thin, heat-resistant wires, spanning the width ofthe U-shaped frame under the specimen at 25-mm intervals. Adevice that may be used
22、 for supporting this type of material isan additional U-shaped frame containing the specimen,spanned by 0.25-mm wires of heat-resistant composition at 25mm intervals starting 38 mm from the open end. The device isinserted over the bottom U-shaped frame. See Fig. 4 and Fig.5.6.1.6 Timing DeviceA time
23、r accurate to the nearest 0.1 s.6.1.7 Measuring DeviceA rule accurate to the nearest 1.0mm.7. Hazards7.1 During the course of combustion, gases or vapors, orboth, are evolved that may be hazardous. Precautions shall betaken to protect the operator.8. Test Specimens8.1 A minimum of five specimens 100
24、 6 5 mm wide by aminimum 300 mm long by thickness up to a maximum of 13.0mm are prepared by cutting from the test material. If the testmaterial has a coating, covering, or construction that isconsidered directional in nature, and it has a directional effecton the burning rate, than five specimens ar
25、e produced bycutting the material for testing of burning rates in both thetransverse and longitudinal directions.8.2 Cut specimens from uniform density samples. Themaximum thickness of any specimen shall be 13.0 mm. If anymaterial to be tested exceeds this, it shall be cut to the abovethickness by a
26、 mechanical process applied to the side whichdoes not face the occupant compartment, so that the specimenshall include the primary surface of the part. In case ofmaterials made of different composition which are not com-posite materials, all the layers within a depth of 13.0 mm fromthe surface facin
27、g towards the occupant compartment shall betested individually, as shown at the Fig. 7. Any material thatdoes not adhere to other materials at every point of contactshall be tested separately. Any material that adheres to othermaterials at every point of contact shall be tested as acomposite with ot
28、her material(s). Record the information onspecimen preparation in the test report.8.3 Where it is not possible to obtain a flat specimenbecause of the component configuration, cut the specimen toFIG. 1 Horizontal Flammability ChamberD5132042the maximum thickness of 13.0 mm at any point, from the are
29、awith the least curvature, and in such a manner as to include theface side.FIG. 2 Typical Specimen Holder SupportFIG. 3 Specimen Holder With Specimen Positioned in the Specimen Holder SupportFIG. 4 Typical Specimen HolderTwo Identical U-Shaped FramesD51320438.4 The minimum width and length of the sp
30、ecimen shall be95 and 300 mm. respectively. Use the maximum availablelength or width of a specimen (as described in 8.1) where eitherdimension is less than the specified values.8.5 For composites, laminates, or surface-treated samples,the side nearest to the compartment occupant should be placedfaci
31、ng down during testing.FIG. 5 Bottom U-FrameFIG. 6 Burner Position Inside CabinetD51320448.6 If the materials grain pattern or construction is such thatit has a directional effect on the burning rate, testing should beconducted in both the transverse and longitudinal directions, asin 8.1. Test five
32、specimens in each direction.9. Conditioning9.1 Unless otherwise agreed upon, materials shall be con-ditioned for at least 24 h at 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity prior to testing.9.2 All specimens shall be tested in a laboratory atmosphereof 15 to 35C and 45 to 75 % relative humidity.10. Proce
33、dure10.1 Place the test chamber inside a laboratory exhausthood.NOTE 3The proper control of the hood is necessary to ensure theproper draft. Adjust the baffles or the exhaust motor speed, or both, so thatthe face velocity of the hood shall be constant in the range of 0.1 m/s 75ft/min. The effectiven
34、ess of the hood may change when the door to the labis opened and closed.10.2 Place samples with napped or tufted surface on a flatsurface and comb twice against the nap using the metal combat least 110 mm in length, with seven to eight teeth per 25 mm.10.3 Place the test specimen between the two mat
35、chingU-shaped frames so that the frames hold both long sides andone end of the specimen.10.4 Place the burner remote from the specimen, ignite, andadjust it to produce a blue flame 38 6 2 mm high. Adjust thegas supply and the air ports of the burner until a yellow-tippedblue flame is produced and th
36、en increase the air supply until theyellow tip just disappears. Measure the height of the flame,and, if necessary, readjust to obtain a flame 38 mm high.10.5 Place the burner inside the open end of the testchamber and position the burner to ensure that the center of theburner top is 19 6 1 mm below
37、the center of the bottom edgeof the specimen at the open end of the specimen holder whenthe specimen is in the specimen testing position.10.6 Place the mounted specimen in the horizontal testingposition in the specimen holder support inside the test chamber.10.7 Turn on the exhaust hood.10.8 Move th
38、e flame into contact with the specimen for aperiod of 15 s, then extinguish the exposure flame by turningoff the gas supply.10.9 Observe the leading edge of the flame front, startingthe timer when the scribed mark 38 mm from the open end ofthe sample holder is reached.10.10 Measure the time it takes
39、 the leading edge of theflame front to progress to the line scribed 292 mm from theopen end of the top or bottom U-shaped frame. If the flamedoes not reach this specified end point, time its progress to thefurthest distance reached.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the burning rate from the following fo
40、rmula:B 5 D / T 3 60 (1)where:B = burning rate, mm/min,D = length the flame traveled, starting from the firstscribed line, mm, andT = time for the flame to travel distance D,s12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing generic des
41、cription, manufacturer, commercial designation,and lot number, color and other information as requested.12.1.2 Directionality of the specimens, if pertinent. See 8.1and 8.5.12.1.3 The thickness and type of specimens tested, that is,composite, laminate, finished section, cellular foam, etc.12.1.4 Con
42、ditioning treatment.12.1.5 Any prior treatment before testing, other than cut-ting, trimming and conditioning.12.1.6 Number of specimens tested.12.1.7 Burnt distance in mm, and burning time, in seconds.12.1.8 All calculated single values of burning rate, in mm /min.NOTEMaterial A has a non-adhering
43、interface with material B and is tested separately. Part of material B is within 13.0 mm of the occupantcompartment air space, and materials B and C adhere at every point of contact; therefore B and C are tested as a composite. The cut is in material C asshown, to make a specimen 13.0 mm thick.FIG.
44、7 Specimen Preparation (Illustrative Example)D513204512.1.9 Average burning rate in millimetres per minute whenthe flame reaches the specific end point. Report D and Tseparately for each specimen when the flame propagation stopsbefore reaching the end point.12.1.10 Describe observations of burning c
45、haracteristicssuch as warping, melting, dripping, charring, etc.12.2 The report shall contain the following statement: “Inthis procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or morespecific laboratory test conditions. If different test conditionsare substituted or the end-use conditions are changed,
46、it maynot be possible by or from this test to predict changes in thefire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the re-sults are valid only for the fire test exposure conditionsdescribed in this procedure.”13. Precision and Bias613.1 PrecisionTable 1 is based on a round robin con-ducted
47、in accordance with Practice E 691. For each material,all the samples were prepared at one source, but the individualspecimens were conditioned in accordance with 9.1 by thelaboratories that tested them.13.1.1 There were eleven laboratories involved in this study.Eight performed this test method with
48、out a drip tray, three wereperformed with a drip tray. The number of replicates permaterial per test method varied from four to five. Onelaboratory ran four replicates, all other labs tested five repli-cates. The round robin was done in late 2002.13.1.2 One lab performed this test method both with a
49、ndwithout the tray. The data without the tray was used for thecalculations.13.1.3 The precision for this test method with the drip traywas not compared with the same test method without the traybecause there were too few laboratories running the test withthe tray.13.2 Concept of r and RWarningThe following expla-nations of r and R (13.2.1-13.2.3) are only intended to presenta meaningful way of considering the approximate precision ofthis test method. The data in Table 1 should not be applied tothe acceptance or rejection of materials, as these data applyonl
