1、Designation: D 5141 09Standard Test Method forDetermining Filtering Efficiency and Flow Rate of theFiltration Component of a Sediment Retention Device UsingSite-Specific Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5141; the number immediately following the designation indicates the ye
2、ar oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method is used to determine the filteringeff
3、iciency and the flow rate of the filtration component of asediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, orinlet protector.1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filteringefficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute(m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute
4、 (gal/ft2/min)for flow rate.1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sedi-ment removed from sediment-laden water.1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of thesediment-laden water through the filtration component of asediment retention device.1.2 This test method requires s
5、everal specialized pieces ofequipment, such as an integrated water sampler and an ana-lytical balance, and site specific soil from the constructionproject.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard, while theinch-pound units are provided for information. The valuesexpressed in each system ma
6、y not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system must be used independently of the other,without combining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap
7、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD 4354 Prac
8、tice for Sampling of Geosynthetics for TestingD 4759 Practice for Determining the Specification Con-formance of Geosynthetics2.2 American Public Health Association (APHA) Standard:208D Total Nonfiltrable Residue Dried at 103105C (TotalSuspended Matter)33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 filtration
9、componenta geotextile or other materialdesigned to act as a filter.3.1.2 filterSee Terminology D 653.3.1.3 geosynthetic, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with foundation soil, rock, earth, orany other geotechnical engineering related material as anintegral part of a man-mad
10、e project, structure, or system. (SeePractice D 4759.)3.1.4 performance property, na result obtained by con-ducting a performance test.3.1.5 performance test, nin geosynthetics, a laboratoryprocedure which simulates selected field conditions which canbe used in design.3.1.6 For definitions of other
11、terms relating to geosynthet-ics, refer to Terminology D 4439. For definitions of textileterms, refer to Terminology D 123. For definitions of soilterms, refer to Terminology D 653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 filtering effciency, FE, nin geosynthetics, the per-cent of se
12、diment removed from sediment-laden water by thefiltration component of a sediment retention device over aspecified period of time.3.2.2 flow rate, FR L3L2T1, nin geosynthetics, thevolume of fluid per unit time, expressed as an average, whichpasses through a cross-sectional plane perpendicular to the
13、fluid flow.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 Geosyn-thetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.03 on Permeability andFiltration.Current edition approved Jan. 15, 2009. Published February 2009. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approve
14、d in 2004 as D 5141 96(2004).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Public
15、Health Association (APHA), 1015 EighteenthSt. NW, Washington, DC 20036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.3 flume, nan apparatus that carries a liquid to anoutlet.3.2.4 sediment retention device (SRD), nin geosynthet
16、ics,a temporary composite structure used to induce the removal ofsuspended sediments from sediment-laden flowing water.3.2.5 silt fence, nin geosynthetics, a type of sedimentretention device.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A filtration component of a sediment retention devicespecimen is placed vertical
17、ly across a flume or over a horizon-tal opening at the end of a flume while sediment-laden water ispassed through the specimen.4.1.1 The time that water flows through the filtration com-ponent of a sediment retention device and the amount of soilpassed by the filtration component of a sediment reten
18、tiondevice are measured. The amount of soil retained, filteringefficiency, and flow rate are calculated from these measuredvalues.4.2 Soil from the construction project should be used in thistest method.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine the filteringefficiency and flow
19、 rate of the filtration component of asediment retention device, such as a silt fence, a silt barrier, ora silt curtain, for specific soil conditions.5.2 This test method may be used for the design of thefiltration component of a sediment retention device to meetrequirements of regulatory agencies i
20、n filtering efficiency orflow rate for specific soil conditions.5.2.1 The designer can use this test method to determine thespacing between sediment retention devices.5.3 This test method is intended for performance evaluation,as the results will depend on the specific soil evaluated. It isrecommend
21、ed that the user or representative perform the test topre-approved products, as sediment retention device manufac-turers are not typically equipped to handle or test soil require-ments.5.4 This test method provides a means of evaluating thefiltration component of sediment retention devices with diff
22、er-ent soils under various conditions that simulate the conditionsthat exist in a sediment retention device installation. This testmethod may be used to simulate several storm events on thesame sediment retention device specimen. Therefore, thenumber of times this test is repeated per specimen is de
23、pendentupon the user and the site conditions.6. Apparatus6.1 Flume, constructed from marine-grade plywood, plexi-glas, aluminum, or other material. The flume should bewatertight and constructed as shown in Fig. 1.NOTE 1Metal flumes should be mounted on a wood frame. The flumeopening is the standard
24、length of a straw bale. With a standard lengthflume of 122 cm (48 in.), the height of the back of the flume would beelevated 10 cm (378 in.).6.2 Inlet Extension, constructed from marine-grade ply-wood, plexiglass, aluminum, or other material. The inletextension should be watertight and constructed a
25、s shown inFig. 2.NOTE 2Metal inlet extensions should be mounted on a wood frame.The inlet extension opening should be appropriate for the type of SRDbeing tested.6.3 Sample Cutter, appropriate to prepare test specimens.6.4 Integrated Water Sampler,4a 500-mL (0.13-gal) deviceused to collect integrate
26、d samples of water.6.5 Two Containers, 75-L (20-gal), plastic or nonmetallic.6.6 Stopwatch.6.7 Stirrer, such as a stirring rod on a portable electric drill.6.8 Sediment-Free Water, containing no flocculent agents.NOTE 3Flocculent agents used in water treatment may cause errone-ous results by affecti
27、ng the settling rate of soil particles in the water.6.9 Soil, site-specific.6.10 Gooch Crucible.6.11 Membrane Filter Apparatus.6.12 Vacuum Pump.6.13 Planchet, aluminum or stainless steel.6.14 Desiccator.6.15 Analytical Balance, sensitivity of 0.00001 g.7. Sampling7.1 SRD Filtration Component:7.1.1 L
28、ot SampleDivide the product into lots and take thelot sample as directed in Practice D 4354.7.1.2 Laboratory SampleCut off sufficient length of thefiltration component of the sediment retention device to get theappropriate number of test specimens. If holes or damagedareas are evident, then damaged
29、material should be discardedand additional material sampled.7.1.3 Test SpecimensCut the appropriate number of speci-mens to be tested from the machine direction of the laboratorysample by a random method. Each test specimen should be cut(1 m long by 0.3 m wide (3.3 ft long by 12 in. wide) to fit the
30、flume or as necessary to fit the inlet opening.NOTE 4No specimen should be taken within 0.2 m (6 in.) of aselvage.7.2 SoilObtain representative samples of the site-specificsoil that is significant to the design of the sediment retentiondevice on the construction project. The size and type of sampler
31、equired is dependent upon the number of tests to be performedand the percent of coarse particles in the sample.8. Procedure8.1 Place the filtration component sample tautly across theflume opening or tightly fitted to the inlet opening and fastensecurely in place to ensure that the test specimen has
32、nowrinkles or loose sections and there is no seepage around thespecimen.8.2 Elevate the back of the flume to an 8 % slope. (See Fig.1.)4The US DH-48 integrated water sampler has been found to be satisfactory. It isavailable commercially.D51410928.3 Pre-wet the filtration component sample by running
33、onetest with 50 L (13.3 gal) of sediment-free water. Record thetemperature of the water.8.4 Mix 0.15 kg (0.33 lb) of air-dried site-specific soil in 50L (13.3 gal) of untreated water placed in a 75-L (20-gal)container. These soil particles are smaller than 2 mm, theopening size of a No. 10 sieve. Th
34、oroughly agitate the solutionwith a stirrer for 1 min to obtain a uniform mix.8.5 While continuing to mix the solution, release thesediment-laden water at the upper end of the flume. Release ofthe solution should take less than 10 s. Start the timer atrelease.8.6 Rinse the mixing container with no m
35、ore than 2 L (0.5gal) of additional water and release into the flume.8.7 Time the flow of water through the filtration componentsample until no water remains behind or above the sample or25 min has elapsed. If 25 min have elapsed and water remainsbehind or above the sample, then measure the distance
36、 from thesample to the edge of the water behind the sample (if testedvertically) or the depth of water above the sample (if testedhorizontally).8.8 Collect all filtrate caught by the gutter in a secondcontainer, until no water remains behind the sample or 25 minhas elapsed.8.9 At the completion of t
37、he test, agitate the collected filtratewith a stirrer until the mixture is uniformly mixed. After 1 minof mixing, obtain a depth-integrated suspended-solids samplefrom the mixture while continuing the agitation.NOTE 5With the sampler specified in 6.4, a rate of sampling thatrequires 30 s to reach th
38、e bottom of the container and 30 s to return to thesurface is ideal. This sampling procedure allows collection of a sampleover the full depth of the mixture.8.10 Place a glass fiber filter disk either on a membranefilter apparatus or in the bottom of a suitable Gooch crucible.Apply a vacuum and wash
39、 the disk with three successive20-mL portions of distilled water. Continue suction to removeall traces of water from the disk.8.11 Carefully remove the filter disk from the membranefilter apparatus and transfer to an aluminum or stainless steelplanchet. If a Gooch crucible is used, remove the crucib
40、le andfilter disk combination.NOTE 1Sides and bottom of flume can be constructed of 2-cm thick marine grade plywood.FIG. 1 Flume (For Vertical SRDs)D51410938.12 Dry the filter disk for at least1hinanoven at 103 to105C.8.13 Store in a desiccator until cooled to room temperature.8.14 Weigh the filter
41、disk to an accuracy of 0.00001 g.8.15 Place the filter disk in the membrane filter apparatusand return it or the Gooch crucible to the vacuuming andfiltering apparatus.8.16 Under the vacuum, filter the sample of water collectedin 8.9.8.17 Repeat 8.11-8.14.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate suspended solids
42、, as follows:SS5A 2 B! 3 1000C(1)where:SS= suspended solids, ppm,A = weight of filter plus residue, andB = weight of filter, andC = sample, mL.9.2 Calculate the percent filtering efficiency (FE) for thefiltration component of the sediment retention device speci-men, as follows:FE52890 2 Ss28903 100
43、(2)where:SS= suspended solids after filtration, ppm, (Eq 1), and2890 = sediment placed behind the filtration component ofthe sediment retention device, ppm.9.3 For vertical sediment retention devices, calculate theflow rate (FT) of the filtration component of the sedimentretention device specimen us
44、ing Eq 3 (complete drainage) orEq 4 (25 min elapsed time):FTm3/m2/min! 5 1.212856/t (3)orFTm3/m2/min! 50.05 2 0.0000000338x20.041225 2 0.000034xt (4)where:FIG. 2 Inlet Extension (For Horizontal SRDs)FIG. 3 The Ratio of Viscosity of Water at Temp, T,totheViscosity of Water at 20CD5141094T = temperatu
45、re of the water,t = time measured in 8.7, min, andx = distance from the filtration component sample to theedge of the water behind the filtration componentsample in mm (see 8.7).9.3.1 Correct the flow rate to 20C using Eq 5:F20C5FTUTU20C(5)where:UTU20C= ratio of viscosity of water at temperature T t
46、oviscosity of water at 20C (see Fig. 3).9.4 For horizontal sediment retention devices, calculate theflow rate (FT) of the sediment retention device specimen usingEq 6 (complete drainage) or Eq 7 (25 min elapsed time):FTm3/ m2/min 5 0.05 / A! / t (6)orFTm3/ m2/min 5 0.05 2 0.000723y! / t (7)where:T =
47、 temperature of the water,A = Area of horizontal opening, m2t = time measured in 8.7, min, andx = height of the water above the sediment retentiondevice in mm (see 8.7). (see 8.7).9.4.1 Correct the flow rate to 20C using Eq 8:F20C5FTUTU20C(8)where:UT= ratio of viscosity of water at temperature T toU
48、20C= viscosity of water at 20C (see Fig. 2).10. Report10.1 The report of filtering efficiency and flow rate shouldinclude the following information:10.1.1 State that the specimens were tested as directed inthis test method, and describe the type of filtration componentand associated sediment retenti
49、on device tested and the sam-pling method used,10.1.2 The number of specimens tested and the direction(s)tested (if applicable),10.1.3 The type of soil used and any data showing pertinentphysical properties of the soil, such as gradation curve,Atterberg limits, etc.,10.1.4 Complete test data including temperature of thewater, recorded flow rates, length of test (25 min or elapsedtime), suspended solids contents, and filtering efficiencies foreach trial, and10.1.5 A statement of any deviation from the described testmethod.11. Precision a
