1、Designation: D 5146 03Standard Guide toTesting Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in
2、parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing solvent-borne coatings to be used on exterior,interior or both types of surface
3、s (see Note 1). The propertiesthat can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant testprocedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.NOTE 1The term “architectural coating” as used here combines thedefinition in Terminology D 16 with that in the FSCT Paint/CoatingsDictionary, as follows: “Organic coat
4、ings intended for on-site applicationto interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, orindustrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protectiveand decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often calledTrade Sales Coatings.”NOTE 2Architectur
5、al coatings that are designed to give better perfor-mance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and morestain- and abrasion-resistant are covered by Guide D 3730.1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide areas follows:(1) Type 1 Interior Low-Gloss Wall Finish,(2) Typ
6、e 2 Interior Gloss and Semigloss Wall and TrimEnamels,(3) Type 3 Exterior House and Trim Coatings, and(4) Type 4 Floor Enamel, Exterior and/or Interior.1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,spraying, or other means to the materials appropriate for itstype, which may include woo
7、d, plaster, wallboard, masonry,steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architecturalsubstrates.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, i
8、f any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings,
9、Materials,and ApplicationsD 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed TesterD 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD 154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,Pastes, and PaintsD 215 Practice for Chemical Analysis of White Lins
10、eed OilPaintsD 344 Test Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints bythe Visual Evaluation of BrushoutsD 358 Specification for Wood to be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 562 Test Me
11、thod for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 658 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Air Blast Abrasive3D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Crackin
12、g ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaintD 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of Organic1This guide is under
13、the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coating, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved i
14、n 1998 as D 5146 - 98.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM Internationa
15、l, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional OrderProperty(or related test)Section ASTM Standard Federal Test MethodStandard 141DSampling 6.2 D 3925Liquid Paint PropertiesSkinning 7.1 D 154 3021Condition in container 7.
16、2 3011Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D 185Density or Weight per gallon 7.4 D 1475Fineness of dispersion 7.5 D 1210Flash point 7.6 D 56, D 93, D 3278Odor 7.7 D 1296Absorption 7.8 4421Colorant acceptance 7.9Dilution stability 7.10 4203Package stability 7.11Heat stability 7.11.1 D 1849Settling
17、 7.11.2 D 869Coating Application and Film FormationApplication properties 8.1 4541Brush application 8.1.1 D 5068Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D 4958Roller application 8.1.2 D 5069Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D 4707Spray application 8.1.3 2131Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D 3928Rhelological properties 8.3Consistency (Low-s
18、hear viscosity) 8.3.1 D 562Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D 2196, D 4287Sag resistance 8.3.3 D 4400 4494Levelling properties 8.3.4 D 4062Drying properties 8.4 D 1640 4061Appearance of Dry FilmColor difference 9.1Color appearance 9.1.1Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.
19、2 D 1729Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D 2244Directional reflectance 9.2 E 1347Gloss 9.3Gloss, 60 9.3.1 D 523Sheen (85 gloss) 9.3.2 D 523Hiding power 9.4 D 344, D 2805Yellowness index 9.5 E 313 6131Properties of Dry FilmInterior and Exterior Coatings 10.1Abrasion resistance
20、10.1.1 D 968, D 4060 6192Adhesion 10.1.2 D 2197, D 3359, D 5179Flexibility 10.1.4 D 522, D 2370 6221AResistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D 1308Interior Coatings 10.2Color change of white enamels 10.2.1 6132Washability and cleansability 10.2.2Washability 10.2.2.1 D 2486, D 4213Cleansability 10.2
21、.2.2 D 3450, D 4828 6141BExterior Coatings 10.3Blister resistance 10.3.1 D 4585Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D 1006, D 1014Chalking 10.3.2.2 D 4214Checking 10.3.2.3 D 660Cracking 10.3.2.4 D 661Erosion 10.3.2.5 D 662Flaking 10.3.2.6 D 772Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D 3456CFume resistance 10.3.4Coating Anal
22、ysisChemical analysis 11.1 D 215Volatile content 11.2 D 2369Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D 2697, D 6093Water content 11.4 D 3792, D 4017Pigment content 11.5 D 2371 4021Pigment analysis 11.6 D 215 7261Nonvolatile vehicle content 11.7 D 215Vehicle separation 11.8 D 2372Nonvolatile vehicle identific
23、ation 11.9 D 2621, D 2245AEquivalent only to Method B of Test Methods D 522.BExcept for scrub medium.C6271 is not equivalent.D5146032Coatings by Falling AbrasiveD 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on WoodD 1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on S
24、teelD 1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD 1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of CertainPigmentsD 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsTABLE 2 Alphabetical List of Proper
25、tiesProperty(or related test)Section ASTM Standard Federal Test MethodStandard 141DAbrasion Resistance 10.1.1 D 968, D 4060, D 6037 6192Absorption 7.8 4421Adhesion 10.1.2 D 2197, D 3359Analysis, chemical 11.1 D 215Application properties 8.1 4541Blister resistance 10.3.1 D 4585Brush application 8.1.1
26、 D 5068Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D 4958Chalking 10.3.2.2 D 4214Checking 10.3.2.3 D 660Cleansability 10.2.2.2 D 3450, D 4828 6141ACoarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D 185Colorant acceptance 7.9Color appearance 9.1.1 .Color change 10.2.1 . 6132Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D 1729Color dif
27、ferences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D 2244Condition in container 7.2 3021Consistency 8.3.1 D 562Cracking 10.3.2.4 D 661Density or weight per gal 7.4 D 1475Dilution stability 7.10 4203Drying properties 8.4 D 1640, D 5895Erosion 10.3.2.5 D 662Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D 1006, D 1014Finenes
28、s of Dispersion 7.5 D 1210Flaking 10.3.2.6 D 772Flash point 7.6 D 56, D 93, D 3278Flexibility 10.1.4 D 522, D 2370 6221BFume resistance 10.3.4Gloss 9.3Gloss, 60 9.3.1 D 523Heat stability 7.11.1 D 1849Hiding power 9.4 D 344, D 2805Levelling properties 8.3.4 D 4062Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D 3456CNonvo
29、latile vehicle content 11.7 D 215 4053Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.9 D 2621, D 2245Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D 2697, D 6093Odor 7.7 D 1296Package stability 7.11 D 1849Pigment analysis 11.6 D 215 7261Pigment content 11.5 D 2371 4021Reflectance, directional 9.2 E 1347Resistance to house
30、hold chemicals 10.1.5 D 1308Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D 2196, D 4287Roller application 8.1.2 2112Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D 4707Sag resistance 8.3.3 D 4400 4494Sampling 6.2 D 3925Settling 7.11.2 D 869Sheen (85 gloss) 9.3.2 D 523Skinning 7.1 D 154 3021Spray application 8.1.3
31、 2131Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D 3928Vehicle separation 11.8 D 2372Volatile content 11.2 D 2369Washability 10.2.2.1 D 2486, D 4213Water content 11.4 D 1208, D 3792 D 4017 4081Yellowness index 9.5 E 313 6131AExcept for scrub medium.BEquivalent only to Method B of D 522.C6271 is not equivalent.D5146033D
32、 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber andParticle Panel MaterialsD 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing or Film Formationof O
33、rganic Coatings at Room TemperatureD 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of PaintD 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Type)Vi
34、scometerD 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color-Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acidsin Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2369 Test Method
35、for Volatile Content of CoatingsD 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of OrganicCoatingsD 2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle from Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall PaintsD 2621 Test Meth
36、od for Infrared Identification of VehicleSolids from Solvent-Reducible PaintsD 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter inClear or Pigmented CoatingsD 2698 Test Method for Determination of the PigmentContent of Solvent-Reducible Paints by High Speed Cen-trifugingD 2805 Test Method for Hiding P
37、ower of Paints by Reflec-tometryD 3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold onthe Surface of Interior Coatings in an EnvironmentalChamberD 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 3450 Test Method
38、for Washability Properties of InteriorArchitectural CoatingsD 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttackD 3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-tectural Wall CoatingsD 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints an
39、d RelatedPigmented CoatingsD 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or SheenUniformityD 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paint and Related CoatingsD 3792 Test Method for Water Contnet of Caotings byDirect Injection into a Gas ChromatographD 4017 Test Method
40、 for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoating by the Taber AbraserD 4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-DownMethodD 4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints byAbrasion Weight LossD 4214 Test Methods for E
41、valuating Degree of Chalking ofExterior Paint FilmsD 4287 Test Method for High- Shear Viscosity Using aCone/Plate ViscometerD 4400 Test Methods for Sag Resistance of Paints Using aMultinotch ApplicatorD 4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of CoatingsUsing Portable Adhesion TestersD 4585 Practice
42、for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled CondensationD 4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter ResistanceDuring Roller ApplicationD 4828 Test Method for Practical Washability of OrganicCoatingsD 4946 Test Method for Blocking Resistance of Architec-tural PaintsD 4958 Test Method
43、for Comparison of the Brush Drag ofLatex PaintsD 5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-ationD 5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers forEvaluationD 5179 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion of OrganicCoatings to Plastic Substrates by Direct Tensile TestingD 5895 Test M
44、ethod for Evaluating Drying of OrganicFilms Using Mechanical RecordersD 6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance ofHigh Gloss CoatingsD 6093 Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matterin Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium GasPycnometerE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of
45、 MaterialsE 313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D42131 Application of
46、 Sprayed Films3011 Condition in Container4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability4421 Absorption Test4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film6132 Accelerated Yellowness2.3 Other Document:4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Ph
47、iladelphia, PA 19111-5098D5146034Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies forCoatings Technology53. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-ogy D 16, D 1038, and D 1554 and to the FSCT Paint/CoatingsDictionary.4. Conditions Affecting Solvent-Reducible
48、Coatings4.1 Interior and Exterior Coatings:4.1.1 Substrate TypeThe substrate to be painted can affectnot only the application properties of a coating, such as glossand uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type ofcoating to use. For instance, low-gloss wall finishes do nothave the abra
49、sion resistance required on floors, whereasfinishes intended only for interior service probably do not haveadequate resistance to weather factors. Other factors are thetype and quality of metal, wood or wood composite (plywood,particle board or hardboard), the type, quality and alkalinity ofconcrete, plaster and joint cement systems, and the type andcondition of any previous coatings.4.1.2 Substrate ConditionsConditions such as porosity,hardness or, in the case of unpainted concrete, alkalinitydetermine the kind of coating that can be applied. Thecondition of previously painte
