1、Designation: D5146 10Standard Guide toTesting Solvent-Borne Architectural Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5146; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pa
2、rentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing solvent-borne coatings to be used on exterior,interior or both types of surfaces (
3、see Note 1). The propertiesthat can be examined or, in some cases, the relevant testprocedures are listed in Table 1 and Table 2.NOTE 1The term “architectural coating” as used here combines thedefinition in Terminology D16 with that in the FSCT Paint/CoatingsDictionary, as follows: “Organic coatings
4、 intended for on-site applicationto interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, orindustrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protectiveand decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often calledTrade Sales Coatings.”NOTE 2Architectural c
5、oatings that are designed to give better perfor-mance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and morestain- and abrasion-resistant are covered by Guide D3730.1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide areas follows:(1) Type 1 Interior Low-Gloss Wall Finish,(2) Type 2 I
6、nterior Gloss and Semigloss Wall and TrimEnamels,(3) Type 3 Exterior House and Trim Coatings, and(4) Type 4 Floor Enamel, Exterior and/or Interior.1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,spraying, or other means to the materials appropriate for itstype, which may include wood, pl
7、aster, wallboard, masonry,steel, previously painted surfaces, and other architecturalsubstrates.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any
8、, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materi
9、als,and ApplicationsD56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-MartensClosed Cup TesterD154 Guide for Testing VarnishesD185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White LinseedOil Paints3D344 Tes
10、t Method for Relative Hiding Power of Paints bythe Visual Evaluation of BrushoutsD358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD523 Test Method for Specular GlossD562 Test Method for Consistency of Pa
11、ints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD661 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD772 Test Method for Eval
12、uating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaintD968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on Wood1This guide is under the jurisdiction
13、of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2010. Published June 2010. Originallyapproved in 1990. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5146 - 0
14、3. DOI:10.1520/D5146-10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version
15、 of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional OrderProperty(or related test)Section ASTM Standard Federal Test MethodStandard 141DSamp
16、ling 6.2 D3925Liquid Paint PropertiesSkinning 7.1 D154 3021Condition in container 7.2 3011Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D185Density or Weight per gallon 7.4 D1475Fineness of dispersion 7.5 D1210Flash point 7.6 D56, D93, D3278Odor 7.7 D1296Absorption 7.8 4421Colorant acceptance 7.9Dilution
17、stability 7.10 4203Package stability 7.11Heat stability 7.11.1 D1849Settling 7.11.2 D869Coating Application and Film FormationApplication properties 8.1 4541Brush application 8.1.1 D5068Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D4958Roller application 8.1.2 D5069Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D4707Spray application 8.1.3 2131Touc
18、h-up uniformity 8.2 D3928, D7489Rhelological properties 8.3Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.3.1 D562Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D2196, D4287Sag resistance 8.3.3 D4400 4494Levelling properties 8.3.4 D4062Drying properties 8.4 D1640 4061Appearance of Dry FilmColor differen
19、ce 9.1Color appearance 9.1.1Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D1729Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D2244Directional reflectance 9.2 E1347Gloss 9.3Gloss, 60 9.3.1 D523Sheen (85 gloss) 9.3.2 D523Hiding power 9.4 D344, D2805Yellowness index 9.5 E313 6131Properties of
20、Dry FilmInterior and Exterior Coatings 10.1Abrasion resistance 10.1.1 D968, D4060 6192Adhesion 10.1.2 D2197, D3359, D5179Flexibility 10.1.4 D522, D2370 6221AResistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D1308Interior Coatings 10.2Color change of white enamels 10.2.1 6132Ink Stainblocking 10.2.5 D7514Wash
21、ability and cleansability 10.2.2Washability 10.2.2.1 D2486, D4213Cleansability 10.2.2.2 D3450, D4828 6141BExterior Coatings 10.3Blister resistance 10.3.1 D4585Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D1006, D1014Chalking 10.3.2.2 D4214Checking 10.3.2.3 D660Cracking 10.3.2.4 D661Erosion 10.3.2.5 D662Flaking 10.3.2
22、.6 D772Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D3456CFume resistance 10.3.4Tannin Stain Resistance 10.3.6 D6686Coating AnalysisChemical analysis 11.1 D215Volatile content 11.2 D2369Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D2697, D6093Water content 11.4 D3792, D4017Pigment content 11.5 D2371 4021Pigment analysis 11.6 D215 7
23、261Nonvolatile vehicle content 11.7 D215Vehicle separation 11.8 D2372Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.9 D2621, D2245AEquivalent only to Method B of Test Methods D522.BExcept for scrub medium.C6271 is not equivalent.D5146 102D1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints and Coat
24、ings on Metal SubstratesD1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer and PlywoodD1208 Test Methods for Common Properties of CertainPigmentsD1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type GageD1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD1308 Test Method f
25、or Effect of Household Chemicals onTABLE 2 Alphabetical List of PropertiesProperty(or related test)Section ASTM Standard Federal Test MethodStandard 141DAbrasion Resistance 10.1.1 D968, D4060, D6037 6192Absorption 7.8 4421Adhesion 10.1.2 D2197, D3359Analysis, chemical 11.1 D215Application properties
26、 8.1 4541Blister resistance 10.3.1 D4585Brush application 8.1.1 D5068Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D4958Chalking 10.3.2.2 D4214Checking 10.3.2.3 D660Cleansability 10.2.2.2 D3450, D4828 6141ACoarse particles and foreign matter 7.3 D185Colorant acceptance 7.9Color appearance 9.1.1 .Color change 10.2.1 . 6132Colo
27、r differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D1729Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D2244Condition in container 7.2 3021Consistency 8.3.1 D562Cracking 10.3.2.4 D661Density or weight per gal 7.4 D1475Dilution stability 7.10 4203Drying properties 8.4 D1640, D5895Erosion 10.3.2.5 D662
28、Exposure resistance 10.3.2 D1006, D1014Fineness of Dispersion 7.5 D1210Flaking 10.3.2.6 D772Flash point 7.6 D56, D93, D3278Flexibility 10.1.4 D522, D2370 6221BFume resistance 10.3.4Gloss 9.3Gloss, 60 9.3.1 D523Heat stability 7.11.1 D1849Hiding power 9.4 D344, D2805Ink Stainblocking 10.2.5 D7514Level
29、ling properties 8.3.4 D4062Mildew resistance 10.3.3 D3456CNonvolatile vehicle content 11.7 D215 4053Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.9 D2621, D2245Nonvolatile volume content 11.3 D2697, D6093Odor 7.7 D1296Package stability 7.11 D1849Pigment analysis 11.6 D215 7261Pigment content 11.5 D2371 4021
30、Reflectance, directional 9.2 E1347Resistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D1308Rheological properties of non-Newtonian liquids 8.3.2 D2196, D4287Roller application 8.1.2 2112Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D4707Sag resistance 8.3.3 D4400 4494Sampling 6.2 D3925Settling 7.11.2 D869Sheen (85 gloss) 9.3.2 D523S
31、kinning 7.1 D154 3021Spray application 8.1.3 2131Tannin Stain Resistance 10.3.6 D6686Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D3928, D7489Vehicle separation 11.8 D2372Volatile content 11.2 D2369Washability 10.2.2.1 D2486, D4213Water content 11.4 D1208, D3792, D4017 4081Yellowness index 9.5 E313 6131AExcept for scrub
32、 medium.BEquivalent only to Method B of D522.C6271 is not equivalent.D5146 103Clear and Pigmented Organic FinishesD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-ticle Panel MaterialsD1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curin
33、g, or Film Formationof Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureD1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD1849 Test Method for Package Stability of PaintD2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotationa
34、l (Brookfield type) Vis-cometerD2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and Oil Acidsin Solvent-Reducible Paint
35、sD2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of CoatingsD2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coat-ingsD2371 Test Method for Pigment Content of Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2372 Practice for Separation of Vehicle From Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Wall Paint
36、sD2621 Test Method for Infrared Identification of VehicleSolids From Solvent-Reducible PaintsD2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Matter in Clearor Pigmented CoatingsD2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold onthe Surface of
37、Interior Coatings in an EnvironmentalChamberD3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by SmallScale Closed-Cup ApparatusD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3450 Test Method for Washability Properties of InteriorArchitectural CoatingsD3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior E
38、xposure Teststhe Susceptibility of Paint Films to Microbiological AttackD3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-tectural Wall CoatingsD3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings byDirect Injection Into a Gas ChromatographD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmen
39、ted CoatingsD3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or SheenUniformityD3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Or
40、ganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-DownMethodD4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints byAbrasion Weight LossD4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalkingof Exterior Paint FilmsD4287 Test Method for High-Shear Viscosity Using aCone/Pl
41、ate ViscometerD4400 Test Method for Sag Resistance of Paints Using aMultinotch ApplicatorD4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled CondensationD4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter ResistanceDuring Roller ApplicationD4828 Test Methods for Practical Washability o
42、f OrganicCoatingsD4946 Test Method for Blocking Resistance of Architec-tural PaintsD4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag ofLatex PaintsD5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-ationD5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-Roller Covers forEvaluation of Architectural Coat
43、ingsD5179 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion of OrganicCoatings to Plastic Substrates by Direct Tensile TestingD5895 Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or CuringDuring Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Me-chanical RecordersD6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resistance ofHigh Gloss Coatin
44、gsD6093 Test Method for Percent Volume Nonvolatile Matterin Clear or Pigmented Coatings Using a Helium GasPycnometerD6686 Test Method for Evaluation of Tannin Stain Resis-tance of CoatingsD7489 Practice for Evaluating Touch-Up Properties of Ar-chitectural Coatings under Various Environmental Condi-t
45、ionsD7514 Test Method for Evaluating Ink Stainblocking ofArchitectural Paint Systems by Visual AssessmentE105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE313 Practice for Calculating Yellowness and WhitenessIndices from Instrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesE1347 Test Method for Color and Colo
46、r-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D42131 Application of Sprayed Films3011 Condition in Container4203 Reducibility and Dilution Stability4421 Absorption Test4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film6132 Acceler
47、ated Yellowness4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.D5146 1042.3 Other Document:Paint/Coatings Dictionary of the Federation of Societies forCoatings Technology53. Terminology3.1 For d
48、efinitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-ogy D16, D1038, and D1554 and to the FSCT Paint/CoatingsDictionary.4. Conditions Affecting Solvent-Reducible Coatings4.1 Interior and Exterior Coatings:4.1.1 Substrate TypeThe substrate to be painted can affectnot only the application properties of
49、 a coating, such as glossand uniformity, but is also a factor in determining the type ofcoating to use. For instance, low-gloss wall finishes do nothave the abrasion resistance required on floors, whereasfinishes intended only for interior service probably do not haveadequate resistance to weather factors. Other factors are thetype and quality of metal, wood or wood composite (plywood,particle board or hardboard), the type, quality and alkalinity ofconcrete, plaster and joint cement systems, and the type andcondition of any previous coatings.4.1.2 Substrate ConditionsCond
