1、Designation: D5147/D5147M 11aStandard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5147/D5147M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling andtesting prefabricated, reinforced, polymer-modified bituminou
3、ssheet materials designed for single- or multiple-ply applicationin roofing and waterproofing membranes. These products mayuse various surfacing materials on one side.1.2 These test methods appear in the following order:SectionSampling 4Conditioning 5Thickness 6Load Strain Properties 7Tear Strength
4、8Moisture Content 9Water Absorption 10Dimensional Stability 11Low-Temperature Flexibility 12Heat Conditioning 13Accelerated Weathering 14Granule Embedment 15Compound Stability 16Coating Thickness 17Low Temperature Unrolling 18Precision and Bias 191.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-poun
5、d unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to ad
6、dress all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Met
7、hod for Water in Petroleum Products andBituminous Materials by DistillationD146 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and Wa-terproofingD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes ofNonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at ElevatedTemperat
8、ureD4073 Test Method for Tensile-Tear Strength of Bitumi-nous Roofing MembranesD4798 Practice forAccelerated Weathering Test Conditionsand Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Xenon-ArcMethod)D4977 Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Sur-faced Roofing by AbrasionD5636 Test Method for Low Tem
9、perature Unrolling of Feltor Sheet Roofing and Waterproofing MaterialsD5869 Practice for Dark Oven Heat Exposure of Roofingand Waterproofing MaterialsD6162 Specification for Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS)Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using a Combina-tion of Polyester and Glass Fiber Reinforce
10、mentsD6163 Specification for Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS)Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Glass FiberReinforcementsD6164 Specification for Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS)Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using PolyesterReinforcementsD6222 Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP)Mo
11、dified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using PolyesterReinforcementsD6223 Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP)Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using a Combina-tion of Polyester and Glass Fiber ReinforcementsD6298 Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified
12、 Bituminous Sheetswith a Factory Applied Metal SurfaceD6509 Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP)Modified Bituminous Base Sheet Materials Using GlassFiber ReinforcementE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Stu
13、dy toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D08 onRoofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD08.04 on Felts and Fabrics.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Originallyapproved in 1
14、991. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5147/D5147M 11.DOI: 10.1520/D5147_D5147M-11A.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document
15、Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used for sampling and testingmodified bitumen sheet materials. Property requirements, de-termined by th
16、ese test methods, are found in the followingproduct standards: Specifications D6162, D6163, D6164,D6222, D6223, D6298, and D6509.4. Sampling4.1 From each shipment or fraction thereof, select at randoma number of rolls equal to one half the cube root of the totalnumber of rolls in the lot. If the cal
17、culated number is fractional,express it as the next highest whole number. For convenience,a table showing the number of rolls to be selected from the lotsof various sizes is given in Test Method D146. When mutuallyagreed upon by the concerned parties, other sampling frequen-cies may be used and repo
18、rted within the framework of theseprocedures. The minimum sample shall consist of five rolls.The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample usedfor all subsequent observations and tests pertaining to the lot ofmaterial being examined.5. Conditioning5.1 Unless otherwise specified, conditi
19、on test specimens fora minimum of4hat236 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5%relative humidity before testing.6. Thickness6.1 The thickness measuring device shall be a micrometerof the dial or digital-electronic type capable of measuringdimensions to an accuracy of 0.1 mm 0.004 in. The microm-eter shall be eq
20、uipped with a flat, circular presser foot with adiameter greater or equal to 9.5 mm 0.375 in. and less than 32mm 1.25 in. During operation, contact between the presserfoot and the specimen shall be maintained either by a springinside the micrometer or by the weight of the presser foot andattached pa
21、rts.6.2 One specimen shall be obtained from each of the rollsselected in accordance with the Sampling section of these testmethods. Each specimen shall be at least 700 mm 2712 in. inlength by the manufactured width of the roll. Five measure-ments of sheet thickness and five measurements of selvageth
22、ickness shall be taken on each specimen. All measurementsshall be taken in a manner that requires the presser foot tocontact the side of the sheet that is intended to be exposedwhen applied in accordance with the manufacturers instruc-tions.NOTE 1When measuring products with particulate surfaces, wi
23、pingparticles from the presser foot between measurements is recommended toprevent buildup of particles that may result in inaccurate measurements.6.2.1 Take five measurements of the sheet thickness along aline parallel to cross-machine direction. Two of the fivemeasurements shall be taken 150 615 mm
24、 6 6 0.5 in. fromeach edge of the specimen. The remaining three measurementsshall be taken at three points approximately equally spaced(615 mm 0.5 in.) between these two points. Refer to Fig. 1for an illustration of the sheet thickness measurement loca-tions.FIG. 1 Location of Thickness Measurements
25、D5147/D5147M 11a26.2.2 Take five measurements of the selvage thickness alonga line parallel to machine direction. The measurements are tobe taken midway between the surfacing edge and the sheetedge or, in the case of smooth products, midway between thelaying line and the sheet edge, and spaced 150 6
26、 15 mm 6 60.5 in. apart. Refer to Fig. 1 for an illustration of the selvagethickness measurement locations.6.3 For each specimen, report the individual point measure-ments, mean, and standard deviation for both the sheet thick-ness and selvage thickness measurements.6.4 Calculate the mean of the spe
27、cimen sheet thicknessmeans and report this value as sample sheet thickness. Calcu-late the mean of the specimen selvage thickness means andreport this value as sample selvage thickness. Unless otherwiserequired by the standard product specification that referencesthese test methods, sample sheet thi
28、ckness and sample selvagethickness are the values used for comparison with the productspecification requirements.6.5 Precision and Bias:6.5.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramInterlaboratory stud-ies were run in which randomly drawn test specimens of threematerials (sand-surfaced SBS-modified base sheet,
29、 fiberglass-reinforced SBS-modified cap sheet, and polyester-reinforcedAPP-modified cap sheet) were tested for sample sheet thick-ness and sample selvage thickness in each of eleven laborato-ries. Each laboratory tested two sets of five specimens of eachmaterial. Practice E691 was followed for the e
30、xperimentaldesign and analysis of the data. Details of the experiment areavailable in ASTM Research Reports RR:D08-1010 andRR:D08-1011.3, 46.5.2 Test ResultThe precision information given belowfor sheet thickness and selvage thickness in the units ofmeasurement (millimetres) is for the comparison of
31、 two testresults, each of which is the average of five test determinations.6.5.3 Precision:Selvage Thickness Sheet ThicknessTest range 1.952 to 2.706 mm 1.959 to 3.824 mmr, 95 % repeatability limit(within a laboratory)0.088 mm(0.040 to 0.157 mm)0.048 mm(0.039 to 0.054 mm)R, 95 % reproducibility limi
32、t(between laboratories)0.281 mm(0.148 to 0.366 mm)0.252 mm( 0.239 to 0.277 mm)The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibilitylimit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respectivestandard deviations among test results may be obtained bydividing the above limit values by 2.8.6.5.4 Bia
33、sSince there is no accepted reference materialsuitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this testmethod for measuring sheet thickness and selvage thickness,no statement on bias is being made.7. Load Strain Properties7.1 This test method covers the determination of the loadstrain (tensil
34、e elongation and strain energy) properties ofpolymer-modified bituminous sheets.7.1.1 SpecimensPrepare five specimens from each sampleroll in both the longitudinal and transverse directions for eachtemperature to be tested. Specimens shall be 25 mm 1.0 in.wide by a minimum of 150 mm 6.0 in. long for
35、 sheetmaterials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at18C 0F. Specimens shall be 12.5 mm 0.5 in. wide by aminimum of 100 mm 4.0 in. long for materials having anultimate elongation of greater than 75 % at 18C 0F.7.1.2 Procedure:7.1.2.1 Condition each specimen at least 2 h at the selectedtes
36、t temperature. If conditioning is done outside the machineclamps, allow the specimen to equilibrate at the testingtemperature for at least 15 min before the testing force isapplied.7.1.2.2 Test specimens at both 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and18 6 3C 0 6 3.6F.7.1.2.3 Use a constant rate of elongation (CRE)
37、tensiontesting machine, preferably with automatic load and strainrecording equipment, and clamps that permit a uniform clamp-ing pressure on the specimen without slipping. The initialclamp separation shall be 75 6 2 mm 3.0 6 0.1 in. for sheetmaterials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at
38、18C 0F, and 50 6 2 mm 2.0 6 0.1 in. for sheet materialshaving an ultimate elongation greater than 75 % at 18C0F.7.1.2.4 Maintain a rate of separation of 50 mm/min 63%2.0 in./min 63 % for specimens tested at 23 6 2C 73.4 63.6F and a rate of separation of 2.0 mm/min 63 % 0.08in./min 63 % for specimens
39、 tested at 18 6 3C 0 6 3.6F.7.1.2.5 An alternative clamping method can be used forhigh tensile materials that slip in conventional jaws. Clamp thespecimen in the jaws so that the length or width is aligned withthe axis of the jaws.7.1.2.6 Use a cylindrical stop in each jaw such as shown inFig. 2 for
40、 membranes difficult to clamp.7.1.2.7 Record the percent elongation of each specimen atspecimen break and also at peak load using an extensometer, orcalculate the percent elongation at specimen break and also atpeak load from the chart of the stress versus time knowing thespeed of the chart drive an
41、d the jaw separation rate.7.1.2.8 Record the breaking load and peak load of eachspecimen.3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1010.4Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obta
42、ined by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1011.D5147/D5147M 11a37.1.3 Calculation:7.1.3.1 Determine the percent elongation at break obtainedfrom the extensometer in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, or read directly, calculate the percent elongationdetermined from the chart, without an
43、extensometer, as fol-lows:Percent elongation 5a 2 bb3 100 at break (1)where:a = jaw separation at specimen break,=maximum extension on chart 3 jaw separation ratechart speedandb = initial jaw separation.7.1.3.2 Determine the average percent elongation at break ineach direction and the deviation of p
44、ercent elongation at breakin each direction based on the total number of measurementstaken.7.1.3.3 Calculate the percent elongation at peak load ob-tained from the extensometer in accordance with the manufac-turers instructions, or read directly, calculate the strain at peakload determined from the
45、chart, without an extensometer, asfollows:percent elongation 5c 2 bb3 100 at peak load (2)where:c = jaw separation at maximum load,=maximum extension on chart 3 jaw separation ratechart speedandb = initial jaw separation.7.1.3.4 Calculate the average percent elongation at peakload in each direction
46、and the standard deviation of percentelongation at peak load in each direction based on the totalnumber of measurements taken.7.1.3.5 Calculate the average breaking load in each direc-tion and the standard deviation of the breaking loads in eachdirection based on the total number of measurements tak
47、en.7.1.3.6 Calculate the average peak load in each directionand the standard deviation of the peak loads in each directionbased on the total number of measurements taken.7.1.3.7 If the load elongation curve is not available, estimatethe strain energy. The strain energy should be reported as eitherme
48、asured or estimated.NOTE 2The estimation technique requires knowledge of the maxi-mum tensile strength and elongation values of the test specimen. Thistechnique can only be used for fibrous glass-reinforced specimens. If thevalues generated by this technique are in question, verification must bemade
49、 by analysis of the load-elongation curve. Strain energy for fibrousglass-reinforced specimens is estimated by:se =1/2 3 peak load kN lbf#3elongation mm in.#25 mm 1 in. 3 gage length mm in.#where 25 mm 1 in. = sample width.Strain energy represented as the area under the load-elongation curve mayalso be calculated by direct computer integration or analog techniquessuch as, the trapezoidal rule, use of planimeter, or gravimetrical analysis.7.1.3.8 Calculate the average strain energy at
