1、Designation: D5147/D5147M 11aD5147/D5147M 14Standard Test Methods forSampling and Testing Modified Bituminous Sheet Material1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5147/D5147M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing prefabricated, reinforced, polymer-mo
3、dified bituminous sheetmaterials designed for single- or multiple-ply application in roofing and waterproofing membranes. These products may usevarious surfacing materials on one side.1.2 These test methods cover a number of different products. Not all tests are required for every product. Only thos
4、e called outin the Product Standard are required.1.3 These test methods appear in the following order:SectionSampling 4Conditioning 5Thickness 6Load Strain Properties 7Tear Strength 8Moisture Content 9Water Absorption 10Dimensional Stability 11Low-Temperature Flexibility 12Heat Conditioning 13Accele
5、rated Weathering 14Granule Embedment 15Compound Stability 16Coating Thickness 17Low Temperature Unrolling 18Precision and Bias 191.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; there
6、fore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this stan
7、dard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by DistillationD146 Test Methods for Sampling and Testin
8、g Bitumen-Saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and WaterproofingD1204 Test Method for Linear Dimensional Changes of Nonrigid Thermoplastic Sheeting or Film at Elevated TemperatureD4073 Test Method for Tensile-Tear Strength of Bituminous Roofing MembranesD4798 Practice for Accelerated Weathe
9、ring Test Conditions and Procedures for Bituminous Materials (Xenon-Arc Method)D4977 Test Method for Granule Adhesion to Mineral Surfaced Roofing by AbrasionD5636 Test Method for Low Temperature Unrolling of Felt or Sheet Roofing and Waterproofing Materials1 These test methods are under the jurisdic
10、tion ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing and Waterproofing and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.04 on Felts,Fabrics and Bituminous Sheet Materials.Current edition approved May 1, 2011Jan. 1, 2014. Published May 2011January 2014. Originally approved in 1991. Last previous edition approve
11、d in 2011 asD5147/D5147M 11.D5147/D5147M 11a. DOI: 10.1520/D5147_D5147M-11A. 10.1520/D5147_D5147M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Do
12、cument Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM
13、 recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D5869 Pr
14、actice for Dark Oven Heat Exposure of Roofing and Waterproofing MaterialsD6162 Specification for Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using a Combination ofPolyester and Glass Fiber ReinforcementsD6163 Specification for Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) Modified Bitumino
15、us Sheet Materials Using Glass Fiber Reinforce-mentsD6164 Specification for Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Polyester Reinforce-mentsD6222 Specification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using Polyester ReinforcementsD6223 S
16、pecification for Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Sheet Materials Using a Combination of Polyesterand Glass Fiber ReinforcementsD6298 Specification for Fiberglass Reinforced Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene (SBS) Modified Bituminous Sheets with a FactoryApplied Metal SurfaceD6509 Specificati
17、on for Atactic Polypropylene (APP) Modified Bituminous Base Sheet Materials Using Glass FiberReinforcementE177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test MethodsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Significance and Use
18、3.1 These test methods are used for sampling and testing modified bitumen sheet materials. Property requirements, determinedby these test methods, are found in the following product standards: Specifications D6162, D6163, D6164, D6222, D6223, D6298,and D6509.4. Sampling4.1 From each shipment or frac
19、tion thereof, select at random a number of rolls equal to one half the cube root of the total numberof rolls in the lot. If the calculated number is fractional, express it as the next highest whole number. For convenience, a tableshowing the number of rolls to be selected from the lots of various si
20、zes is given in Test Method D146. When mutually agreedupon by the concerned parties, other sampling frequencies may be used and reported within the framework of these procedures.The minimum sample shall consist of five rolls. The rolls so selected constitute the representative sample used for all su
21、bsequentobservations and tests pertaining to the lot of material being examined.5. Conditioning5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition test specimens for a minimum of 4 h at 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5 %relative humidity before testing.6. Thickness6.1 The thickness measuring device shall be a m
22、icrometer of the dial or digital-electronic type capable of measuring dimensionsto an accuracy of 0.1 mm 0.004 in. The micrometer shall be equipped with a flat, circular presser foot with a diameter greateror equal to 9.5 mm 0.375 in. and less than 32 mm 1.25 in. During operation, contact between th
23、e presser foot and the specimenshall be maintained either by a spring inside the micrometer or by the weight of the presser foot and attached parts.6.2 One specimen shall be obtained from each of the rolls selected in accordance with the Sampling section of these testmethods. Each specimen shall be
24、at least 700 mm 2712 in. in length by the manufactured width of the roll. Five measurementsof sheet thickness and five measurements of selvage thickness shall be taken on each specimen. All measurements shall be takenin a manner that requires the presser foot to contact the side of the sheet that is
25、 intended to be exposed when applied in accordancewith the manufacturers instructions.NOTE 1When measuring products with particulate surfaces, wiping particles from the presser foot between measurements is recommended to preventbuildup of particles that may result in inaccurate measurements.6.2.1 Ta
26、ke five measurements of the sheet thickness along a line parallel to cross-machine direction. Two of the fivemeasurements shall be taken 150 615 mm 6 6 0.5 in. from each edge of the specimen. The remaining three measurements shallbe taken at three points approximately equally spaced (615 mm 0.5 in.)
27、 between these two points. Refer to Fig. 1 for anillustration of the sheet thickness measurement locations.6.2.2 Take five measurements of the selvage thickness along a line parallel to machine direction. The measurements are to betaken midway between the surfacing edge and the sheet edge or, in the
28、 case of smooth products, midway between the laying lineand the sheet edge, and spaced 150 6 15 mm 6 6 0.5 in. apart. Refer to Fig. 1 for an illustration of the selvage thicknessmeasurement locations.6.3 For each specimen, report the individual point measurements, mean, and standard deviation for bo
29、th the sheet thickness andselvage thickness measurements.D5147/D5147M 1426.4 Calculate the mean of the specimen sheet thickness means and report this value as sample sheet thickness. Calculate themean of the specimen selvage thickness means and report this value as sample selvage thickness. Unless o
30、therwise required bythe standard product specification that references these test methods, sample sheet thickness and sample selvage thickness are thevalues used for comparison with the product specification requirements.6.5 Precision and Bias:6.5.1 Interlaboratory Test ProgramInterlaboratory studie
31、s were run in which randomly drawn test specimens of threematerials (sand-surfaced SBS-modified base sheet, fiberglass-reinforced SBS-modified cap sheet, and polyester-reinforcedAPP-modified cap sheet) were tested for sample sheet thickness and sample selvage thickness in each of eleven laboratories
32、. Eachlaboratory tested two sets of five specimens of each material. Practice E691 was followed for the experimental design and analysisof the data. Details of the experiment are available in ASTM Research Reports RR:D08-1010 and RR:D08-1011.3,46.5.2 Test ResultThe precision information given below
33、for sheet thickness and selvage thickness in the units of measurement(millimetres) is for the comparison of two test results, each of which is the average of five test determinations.6.5.3 Precision:SelvageThicknessSheet ThicknessTest range 1.952 to 2.706mm1.959 to 3.824mmr, 95 % repeatability limit
34、(within a laboratory)0.088 mm(0.040 to 0.157mm)0.048 mm(0.039 to 0.054mm)R, 95 % reproducibility limit(between laboratories)0.281 mm(0.148 to 0.366mm)0.252 mm( 0.239 to 0.277mm)The above terms (repeatability limit and reproducibility limit) are used as specified in Practice E177. The respective stan
35、dard3 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1010.4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D08-1011.FIG. 1 Location of Thickness Measu
36、rementsD5147/D5147M 143deviations among test results may be obtained by dividing the above limit values by 2.8.6.5.4 BiasSince there is no accepted reference material suitable for determining the bias for the procedure in this test methodfor measuring sheet thickness and selvage thickness, no statem
37、ent on bias is being made.7. Load Strain Properties7.1 This test method covers the determination of the load strain (tensile elongation and strain energy) properties ofpolymer-modified bituminous sheets.7.1.1 SpecimensPrepare five specimens from each sample roll in both the longitudinal and transver
38、se directions for eachtemperature to be tested. Specimens shall be 25 mm 1.0 in. wide by a minimum of 150 mm 6.0 in. long for sheet materialshaving an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at 18C 0F. Specimens shall be 12.5 mm 0.5 in. wide by a minimum of 100mm 4.0 in. long for materials having an ult
39、imate elongation of greater than 75 % at 18C 0F.7.1.2 Procedure:7.1.2.1 Condition each specimen at least 2 h at the selected test temperature. If conditioning is done outside the machine clamps,allow the specimen to equilibrate at the testing temperature for at least 15 min before the testing force
40、is applied.7.1.2.2 Test specimens at both 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 18 6 3C 0 6 3.6F.7.1.2.3 Use a constant rate of elongation (CRE) tension testing machine, preferably with automatic load and strain recordingequipment, and clamps that permit a uniform clamping pressure on the specimen without slippin
41、g. The initial clamp separationshall be 75 6 2 mm 3.0 6 0.1 in. for sheet materials having an ultimate elongation of 75 % or less at 18C 0F, and 50 62 mm 2.0 6 0.1 in. for sheet materials having an ultimate elongation greater than 75 % at 18C 0F.7.1.2.4 Maintain a rate of separation of 50 mm/min 63
42、% 2.0 in./min 63 % for specimens tested at 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6Fand a rate of separation of 2.0 mm/min 63 % 0.08 in./min 63 % for specimens tested at 18 6 3C 0 6 3.6F.7.1.2.5 An alternative clamping method can be used for high tensile materials that slip in conventional jaws. Clamp thespecimen in the
43、jaws so that the length or width is aligned with the axis of the jaws.7.1.2.6 Use a cylindrical stop in each jaw such as shown in Fig. 2 for membranes difficult to clamp.7.1.2.7 Record the percent elongation of each specimen at specimen break and also at peak load using an extensometer, orcalculate
44、the percent elongation at specimen break and also at peak load from the chart of the stress versus time knowing the speedof the chart drive and the jaw separation rate.7.1.2.8 Record the breaking load and peak load of each specimen.7.1.3 Calculation:7.1.3.1 Determine the percent elongation at break
45、obtained from the extensometer in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, or read directly, calculate the percent elongation determined from the chart, without an extensometer, as follows:Percent elongation5a 2bb 3100at break (1)where:a = jaw separation at specimen break,FIG. 2 Alternative Cl
46、amping MethodD5147/D5147M 144= maximum extension on chart3jaw separation ratechart speedandb = initial jaw separation.7.1.3.2 Determine the average percent elongation at break in each direction and the deviation of percent elongation at break ineach direction based on the total number of measurement
47、s taken.7.1.3.3 Calculate the percent elongation at peak load obtained from the extensometer in accordance with the manufacturersinstructions, or read directly, calculate the strain at peak load determined from the chart, without an extensometer, as follows:percent elongation5c 2bb 3100at peak load
48、(2)where:c = jaw separation at maximum load,= maximum extension on chart3jaw separation ratechart speedandb = initial jaw separation.7.1.3.4 Calculate the average percent elongation at peak load in each direction and the standard deviation of percent elongationat peak load in each direction based on
49、 the total number of measurements taken.7.1.3.5 Calculate the average breaking load in each direction and the standard deviation of the breaking loads in each directionbased on the total number of measurements taken.7.1.3.6 Calculate the average peak load in each direction and the standard deviation of the peak loads in each direction basedon the total number of measurements taken.7.1.3.7 If the load elongation curve is not available, estimate the strain energy. The strain energy should be rep
