1、Designation: D5150 92 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forHiding Power of Architectural Paints Applied by Roller1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ability of a paint to hideor obscure a surface to which it has been applied by a p
3、racticalapplication procedure. This test method covers the use of apaint roller, but the concept is expected to work equally wellwhen the application tool is a paint brush or paint pad.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathem
4、aticalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
5、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials,and ApplicationsD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD2244 Practice for Calcula
6、tion of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related MaterialsD3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsE1347 Test Method for Color
7、and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 hiding power, nthe ability of a paint or paintmaterial as used to hide or obscure a surface to which it hasbeen uniformly applied (see Terminology D16).4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The test paint is appli
8、ed with a roller at a specifiedspreading rate onto a test chart consisting of a series of light todark grey stripes. After drying, a second coat is applied in thesame manner over half of the chart. After the second coat hasdried, both the single- and double-coated areas are evaluatedfor hiding as ju
9、dged by the darkest stripe in each area that iscompletely or almost completely obscured.5. Significance and Use5.1 Laboratory hiding power measurements of architecturalcoatings generally employ blade-type applicators that lay downfilms of highly uniform thickness. But practical applicators,such as r
10、ollers, pads, and brushes, typically apply films thatlack uniformity due to incomplete leveling, resulting in thepractical hiding power of most paints being less than thatmeasured on films applied with a drawdown blade. This testmethod simulates practical application procedures and condi-tions so as
11、 to provide an indication of the actual hidingperformance obtainable when a paint is applied by an experi-enced worker. It is not intended to duplicate painting as doneby the average consumer.5.2 Since the rheological characteristics of a paint and itsinteraction with the applicator are influencing
12、factors, rankorder correlation between this test and one done by drawdownmight not be obtained.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g.6.2 A Weight/Gallon Cup, or any other type of pycnometersuitable for determining paint density to 0.1 lb/gal.6.3 Paint Roller, 3-in. (75-mm), frame, preferably on
13、e perpaint to be tested.6.4 Paint Roller Cover, 3-in. (75-mm) length, with a shortnap (316 to14 in. (4.8 to 6.4 mm) constructed from a wovenfabric. New unused roller covers are preferred but used rollercovers may be used but must be thoroughly cleaned so theresulting appearance is like a new roller
14、cover. When two ormore coatings are being tested with the latter type of roller1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition
15、approved Dec. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5150 92 (2003).DOI: 10.1520/D5150-92R09.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of
16、ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.cover, each should have been used approximately the samenumber of times and should be w
17、ell dried out from previousapplications.6.5 Paint Tray.7. Materials7.1 Practical Opacity ChartsThese are smooth surface,sealed paper test charts on which are printed a 6-step series ofgrey stripes of increasing darkness numbered from 1 to 6. Thetest area is 6 ft2(5575 cm2). For more complete details
18、 see Fig.1 and the manufacturers description in the appendix.37.2 Masking Tape.8. Sampling and Conditioning8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D3925.8.2 Prior to testing, condition the samples in the standardatmosphere described in Specification D3924. Make all testsunder the same co
19、nditions.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the weight/gallon of each paint being testedto 0.1 lb in accordance with Test Method D1475.NOTE 1The gallon unit referred to in this test method is the U.S.Gallon.9.2 Use the following equation to determine the amount ofpaint required for each coat on 3 ft2of chart
20、 area:Grams for 3 ft22787 m2! 51362 3 Paint Density lb/gal!Desired Spreading Rate ft2/gal!The spreading rate may be either the manufacturers recom-mended spreading rate for each paint, or the same spreadingrate for all paints under test according to agreement betweenproducer and user. A spreading ra
21、te of 450 ft2/gal (11.0 m2/L)is suggested if there is no other preference. Include spreadingrate(s) used in the report.9.3 At a convenient height, tape a test chart with the longdirection horizontal, to a surface that is vertical or within 5 ofvertical (top sloping away from the operator). The tape
22、shouldbe placed on the vertical, numbered border stripes that areoutside the 6 ft2(5575 cm2) test area of the chart.9.4 Prepare the paint roller for use in the test by thefollowing procedure:9.4.1 Load the roller cover with paint from the tray byrolling it through paint so that just the nap is subme
23、rsed (seeFig. 2).9.4.2 Roll out the loaded cover onto a scrap surface, in anupward and downward motion, within an area no larger than1-ft (0.3-m) high by the 3-in. (75-mm) width of the rollercover.9.4.3 Reload the roller cover and roll it out again in the samemanner as 9.4.2 and over the same area.
24、Do not increase thearea except as necessary to control excess dripping of paint.9.4.4 Repeat the procedure as necessary until the followingconditions are met:9.4.4.1 Reloading the paint roller cover does not result inincreased paint pickup.9.4.4.2 There is so much paint on the surface being used tha
25、tthe fully-loaded paint roller cover cannot transfer any morepaint to the surface.9.4.5 Now immediately perform the test.9.5 Load the roller cover fully, just short of dripping andweigh. Either weigh the paint and roller before and after, or thepaint and reservoir before and after. Do not weigh the
26、paint onthe chart, as even minimal evaporation results in significantinaccuracies. Apply to a small area of the left half of the chart,just to deposit the excess paint. Repeat this step as needed sothat enough paint is on the chart for the desired spreading rateas calculated in 9.2. Use the roller t
27、o evenly spread the paintover the left half of the chart, reweighing to determine if thepaint applied is within 65 % of that desired. If not, add orremove paint as needed with the roller cover. Do this as quicklyas possible to minimize the evaporation of volatiles. For thisreason, only one adjustmen
28、t is permitted and the paint out mustbe completed within 3 min.9.6 Repeat 9.5 on the right half of the chart. Leave the chartin the (near) vertical position until the paint is dry to the touch.Letdryfor4horthemanufacturers recommended time,whichever is greater, before recoating.9.7 With a soft lead
29、pencil, lightly draw two lines 9 in. (230mm) on either side of and parallel to the printed center line tooutline a 3-ft2(2787-cm2) area in the middle of the chart.3The sole source of supply of the chart, Leneta Form Cu-1 known to thecommittee at this time is Leneta Co., 15 Whitney Rd., Mahwah, NJ 07
30、430. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which you may attend.FIG. 1 Practical Opacity Chart in Accordance with Footnote 5 andAppendix X1FIG
31、. 2 Loading the RollerD5150 92 (2009)2Repeat 9.5 on this area and again let dry as in 9.6. This resultsin four painted areas, two with one coat and two with twocoats.9.8 Visually determine the number of the darkest line fullyhidden by application of the paint in each of the four paintedareas. If the
32、 results of each pair of areas (one-coat andtwo-coated) do not agree exactly, the paint was not applieduniformly and the test must be repeated.10. Report10.1 Report the line numbers together with the spreadingrate used, as in the following example: Complete hiding ofLine 2 with one coat and Line 5 w
33、ith two coats at a spreadingrate of 450 6 20 ft2/gal (11.0 6 0.5 m2/L)/coat is designatedas 25/450.11. Precision11.1 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of this testmethod, one operator in each of five laboratories applied oneand two coats of six paints varying widely in hiding power.Three of the o
34、perators evaluated both applications for hiding,one operator rated only the double-coat area, and one operatorrated two of the paints for single coat and the other four paintsfor double-coat application. The pooled standard deviation forboth single and double-coat application was found to be 0.5rati
35、ng units with 36 df. Based on these values the followingcriterion should be used for judging the acceptability of resultsat the 95 % confidence level:11.1.1 ReproducibilityTwo single results obtained by op-erators in different laboratories should be considered suspect ifthey differ by more than 1.5
36、rating units.12. Keywords12.1 architectural paints and coatings; hiding power; opac-ity; roller application of paintsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MANUFACTURERS DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE PRACTICAL OPACITY CHARTS USED INDEVELOPING THIS TEST METHOD3X1.1 Description and Specificati
37、ons are as follows:X1.1.1 Overall Size24 by 3712 in. (610 by 953 mm),X1.1.2 Test AreaSize 24 by 36 in. (610 by 914 mm), 6 ft2(5575 cm2),X1.1.3 DesignAlternate stripes of white and neutral grey,X1.1.4 Stripe Dimensions11332 by 36 in. (36 by 914 mm),X1.2 Stripe NumbersThe stripes are numbered 1 throug
38、h6 in order of increasing contrast, the numbers being printed onthe two 24-in. borders. These borders are34-in. (19-mm) wideand are not normally considered a part of the test area.X1.2.1 Unnumbered StripesThe unnumbered stripes shown in Fig. 1 are an integral partof the test area. Their purpose is t
39、o favor application uniformityon the numbered stripes by preempting the boundary locationsthat tend to be less uniformly coated than more centrallylocated areas.X1.2.2 Grey Stripe Reflectances3The reflectance values of the numbered stripes are selectedwith the objective that their color differences
40、with respect tothe white surround will be in the geometric sequence: 2, 4, 8,16, 32, and 64 CIELAB units. The defining variable for thegrey stripes is not the reflectance as such, but the ratio of thegrey reflectance G to the white reflectance W. Table X1.1shows the relevant relationships and produc
41、tion tolerances.TABLE X1.1 Relevant Relationships and Production TolerancesStripeNumberColorDifference,A%RatioG/WBReflectanceG,C%126 12.5 0.945 6 0.007 75.6 6 0.6246 12.5 0.893 6 0.013 71.4 6 1.0386 12.5 0.793 6 0.024 63.5 6 1.9416 12.5 0.617 6 0.042 49.4 6 3.45326 12.5 0.347 6 0.055 27.8 6 4.48646
42、12.5 0.067 6 0.037 5.3 6 3.0AThis is DE*ab, the color difference with respect to the white stripes, expressedin CIELAB units as defined in 6.2 of Practice D2244.BG/W=(1DE*ab/107.7)3. This equation is derived from 6.2.1 of PracticeD2244 and assumes that for neutral grey versus white, the values DE*ab
43、and DL*are sufficiently close to be considered equal for the purpose of this test method.CValuesshownherearewithawhitestripereflectanceWof80 %.Thesevalueswill vary somewhat with W, tolerances for the latter being 62 % inter-batch and60.5 % intra-batch.D5150 92 (2009)3NOTE X1.1The term “reflectance”
44、as used here refers to the luminousreflectance factor as defined in Test Method E1347, which may beexpressed as a decimal fraction or as a percentage. The latter isnumerically the same as the CIE Y-tristimulus value and is the scalereading on most if not all commercial tristimulus colorimeters.ASTM
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46、rely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand
47、 should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on
48、 Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5150 92 (2009)4
