1、Designation: D5150 92 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forHiding Power of Architectural Paints Applied by Roller1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5150; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the ye
2、ar of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method measures the ability of a paint to hideor obscure a surface to which it has been applied by a p
3、racticalapplication procedure. This test method covers the use of apaint roller, but the concept is expected to work equally wellwhen the application tool is a paint brush or paint pad.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathem
4、aticalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and heal
5、th practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Gu
6、ides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materials, andApplicationsD1475 Test Method For Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD22
7、44 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances andColor Differences from Instrumentally Measured ColorCoordinatesD3924 Specification for Environment for Conditioning andTesting Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials(Withdrawn 2016)3D3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmen
8、ted CoatingsE1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement by Tristimulus Colorimetry3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 hiding power, nthe ability of a paint or paint materialas used to hide or obscure a surface to which it has beenuniformly applied (see Terminology D16).4. Summary o
9、f Test Method4.1 The test paint is applied with a roller at a specifiedspreading rate onto a test chart consisting of a series of light todark grey stripes. After drying, a second coat is applied in thesame manner over half of the chart. After the second coat hasdried, both the single- and double-co
10、ated areas are evaluatedfor hiding as judged by the darkest stripe in each area that iscompletely or almost completely obscured.5. Significance and Use5.1 Laboratory hiding power measurements of architecturalcoatings generally employ blade-type applicators that lay downfilms of highly uniform thickn
11、ess. But practical applicators,such as rollers, pads, and brushes, typically apply films thatlack uniformity due to incomplete leveling, resulting in thepractical hiding power of most paints being less than thatmeasured on films applied with a drawdown blade. This testmethod simulates practical appl
12、ication procedures and condi-tions so as to provide an indication of the actual hidingperformance obtainable when a paint is applied by an experi-enced worker. It is not intended to duplicate painting as doneby the average consumer.5.2 Since the rheological characteristics of a paint and itsinteract
13、ion with the applicator are influencing factors, rankorder correlation between this test and one done by drawdownmight not be obtained.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcom
14、mittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published June 2017. Originallyapproved in 1991. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5150 92 (2013).DOI: 10.1520/D5150-92R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Cust
15、omer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
16、West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World
17、 Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16. Apparatus6.1 Balance, accurate to 0.1 g.6.2 A Weight/Gallon Cup, or any other type of pycnometersuitable for determining paint density to 0.1 lb/gal.6.3 Paint Roller, 3-in. (75-mm), frame, preferably one perpaint to be tested.6.4 Pa
18、int Roller Cover, 3-in. (75-mm) length, with a shortnap (316 to14 in. (4.8 to 6.4 mm) constructed from a wovenfabric. New unused roller covers are preferred but used rollercovers may be used but must be thoroughly cleaned so theresulting appearance is like a new roller cover. When two ormore coating
19、s are being tested with the latter type of rollercover, each should have been used approximately the samenumber of times and should be well dried out from previousapplications.6.5 Paint Tray.7. Materials7.1 Practical Opacity ChartsThese are smooth surface,sealed paper test charts on which are printe
20、d a 6-step series ofgrey stripes of increasing darkness numbered from 1 to 6. Thetest area is 6 ft2(5575 cm2). For more complete details see Fig.1 and the manufacturers description in the appendix.47.2 Masking Tape.8. Sampling and Conditioning8.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practice D3925
21、.8.2 Prior to testing, condition the samples in the standardatmosphere described in Specification D3924. Make all testsunder the same conditions.9. Procedure9.1 Determine the weight/gallon of each paint being testedto 0.1 lb in accordance with Test Method D1475.NOTE 1The gallon unit referred to in t
22、his test method is the U.S.Gallon.9.2 Use the following equation to determine the amount ofpaint required for each coat on 3 ft2of chart area:Grams for 3 ft22787 m2! 51362 3Paint Density lb/gal!Desired Spreading Rate ft2/gal!The spreading rate may be either the manufacturers recom-mended spreading r
23、ate for each paint, or the same spreadingrate for all paints under test according to agreement betweenproducer and user. A spreading rate of 450 ft2/gal (11.0 m2/L)is suggested if there is no other preference. Include spreadingrate(s) used in the report.9.3 At a convenient height, tape a test chart
24、with the longdirection horizontal, to a surface that is vertical or within 5 ofvertical (top sloping away from the operator). The tape shouldbe placed on the vertical, numbered border stripes that areoutside the 6 ft2(5575 cm2) test area of the chart.9.4 Prepare the paint roller for use in the test
25、by thefollowing procedure:9.4.1 Load the roller cover with paint from the tray byrolling it through paint so that just the nap is submersed (seeFig. 2).9.4.2 Roll out the loaded cover onto a scrap surface, in anupward and downward motion, within an area no larger than1-ft (0.3-m) high by the 3-in. (
26、75-mm) width of the rollercover.9.4.3 Reload the roller cover and roll it out again in the samemanner as 9.4.2 and over the same area. Do not increase thearea except as necessary to control excess dripping of paint.9.4.4 Repeat the procedure as necessary until the followingconditions are met:9.4.4.1
27、 Reloading the paint roller cover does not result inincreased paint pickup.9.4.4.2 There is so much paint on the surface being used thatthe fully-loaded paint roller cover cannot transfer any morepaint to the surface.9.4.5 Now immediately perform the test.4The sole source of supply of the chart, Len
28、eta Form Cu-1 known to thecommittee at this time is Leneta Co., 15 Whitney Rd., Mahwah, NJ 07430. If youare aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTMHeadquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which
29、you may attend.FIG. 1 Practical Opacity Chart in Accordance with Footnote 5 andAppendix X1FIG. 2 Loading the RollerD5150 92 (2017)29.5 Load the roller cover fully, just short of dripping andweigh. Either weigh the paint and roller before and after, or thepaint and reservoir before and after. Do not
30、weigh the paint onthe chart, as even minimal evaporation results in significantinaccuracies. Apply to a small area of the left half of the chart,just to deposit the excess paint. Repeat this step as needed sothat enough paint is on the chart for the desired spreading rateas calculated in 9.2. Use th
31、e roller to evenly spread the paintover the left half of the chart, reweighing to determine if thepaint applied is within 65 % of that desired. If not, add orremove paint as needed with the roller cover. Do this as quicklyas possible to minimize the evaporation of volatiles. For thisreason, only one
32、 adjustment is permitted and the paint out mustbe completed within 3 min.9.6 Repeat 9.5 on the right half of the chart. Leave the chartin the (near) vertical position until the paint is dry to the touch.Letdryfor4horthemanufacturers recommended time,whichever is greater, before recoating.9.7 With a
33、soft lead pencil, lightly draw two lines 9 in. (230mm) on either side of and parallel to the printed center line tooutline a 3-ft2(2787-cm2) area in the middle of the chart.Repeat 9.5 on this area and again let dry as in 9.6. This resultsin four painted areas, two with one coat and two with twocoats
34、.9.8 Visually determine the number of the darkest line fullyhidden by application of the paint in each of the four paintedareas. If the results of each pair of areas (one-coat andtwo-coated) do not agree exactly, the paint was not applieduniformly and the test must be repeated.10. Report10.1 Report
35、the line numbers together with the spreadingrate used, as in the following example: Complete hiding ofLine 2 with one coat and Line 5 with two coats at a spreadingrate of 450 6 20 ft2/gal (11.0 6 0.5 m2/L)/coat is designatedas 25/450.11. Precision11.1 PrecisionIn an interlaboratory study of this tes
36、tmethod, one operator in each of five laboratories applied oneand two coats of six paints varying widely in hiding power.Three of the operators evaluated both applications for hiding,one operator rated only the double-coat area, and one operatorrated two of the paints for single coat and the other f
37、our paintsfor double-coat application. The pooled standard deviation forboth single and double-coat application was found to be 0.5rating units with 36 df. Based on these values the followingcriterion should be used for judging the acceptability of resultsat the 95 % confidence level:11.1.1 Reproduc
38、ibilityTwo single results obtained by op-erators in different laboratories should be considered suspect ifthey differ by more than 1.5 rating units.12. Keywords12.1 architectural paints and coatings; hiding power; opac-ity; roller application of paintsAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. MANUFACTUR
39、ERS DESCRIPTION AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE PRACTICAL OPACITY CHARTS USED IN DE-VELOPING THIS TEST METHOD4X1.1 Description and Specifications are as follows:X1.1.1 Overall Size 24 by 3712 in. (610 by 953 mm),X1.1.2 Test Area Size 24 by 36 in. (610 by 914 mm), 6 ft2(5575 cm2),X1.1.3 Design Alternate s
40、tripes of white and neutral grey,X1.1.4 Stripe Dimensions 11332 by 36 in. (36 by 914 mm),X1.2 Stripe NumbersThe stripes are numbered 1 through6 in order of increasing contrast, the numbers being printed onthe two 24-in. borders. These borders are34-in. (19-mm) wideand are not normally considered a p
41、art of the test area.X1.2.1 Unnumbered StripesThe unnumbered stripesshown in Fig. 1 are an integral part of the test area. Theirpurpose is to favor application uniformity on the numberedstripes by preempting the boundary locations that tend to beless uniformly coated than more centrally located area
42、s.X1.2.2 Grey Stripe Reflectances4The reflectance values ofthe numbered stripes are selected with the objective that theircolor differences with respect to the white surround will be inthe geometric sequence: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 CIELAB units.The defining variable for the grey stripes is not the
43、reflectanceas such, but the ratio of the grey reflectance G to the whitereflectance W. Table X1.1 shows the relevant relationships andproduction tolerances.NOTE X1.1The term “reflectance” as used here refers to the luminousreflectance factor as defined in Test Method E1347, which may beexpressed as
44、a decimal fraction or as a percentage. The latter isnumerically the same as the CIE Y-tristimulus value and is the scalereading on most if not all commercial tristimulus colorimeters.D5150 92 (2017)3ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connect
45、ion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsibl
46、e technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful cons
47、ideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 B
48、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM webs
49、ite(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ X1.1 Relevant Relationships and Production TolerancesStripeNumberColorDifference,A%RatioG/WBReflectanceG,C%1 2 12.5 0.945 0.007 75.6 0.62 4 12.5 0.893 0.013 71.4 1.03 8 12.5 0.793 0.024 63.5 1.94 16 12.5 0.617 0.042 49.4 3.45 32 12.5 0.347 0.055 27.8 4.48 64 12.5 0.067 0.037 5.3 3.0AThis is E*ab, the color differen
