1、Designation: D 5156 02Standard Test Methods forContinuous Measurement of Ozone in Ambient, Workplace,and Indoor Atmospheres (Ultraviolet Absorption)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5156; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、 in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method describes the sampling and continuousanalysis of ozone (O3) in
3、 the atmosphere at concentrationsranging from 10 to 2000 g/m3of O3in air (5 ppb(v) to 1ppm(v).1.1.1 The test method is limited to applications by itssensitivity to interferences as described in Section 6. Theinterference sensitivities may limit its use for ambient andworkplace atmospheres.1.2 The va
4、lues stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bil
5、ity of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and Analysis ofAtmospheresD 1357 Practice for Planning the Sampling of the AmbientAtmosphereD 1914 Practice for Conversion Units and Factors Relatingto Sampling and Analysis
6、of AtmospheresD 3249 Practice for General Ambient Air Analyzer Proce-duresD 3631 Test Methods for Measuring Surface AtmosphericPressureD 3670 Guide for Determination of Precision and Bias ofMethods of Committee D22D 5011 Practices for Calibration of Ozone Monitors UsingTransfer StandardsD5110 Practi
7、ce for Calibration of Ozone Monitors andCertification of Ozone Transfer Standards Using Ultravio-let PhotometryE 380 Practice for Use of the International System of Units(SI) (the Modernized Metric System)2.2 Other Documents:EPA-600/4-76-005, Quality Assurance Handbook for AirPollution Measurement S
8、ystems, Vol I, “Principles”3EPA-600/4-77-027a, Quality Assurance Handbook for AirPollution Measurement Systems, Vol II, “Ambient AirSpecific Methods”33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology D 1356.An explanation of units,symbols, and conver
9、sion factors may be found in PracticeE 380.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absolute ultraviolet photometera photometer whosedesign, construction, and maintenance is such that it canmeasure the absorbance caused by O3mixtures without refer-ence to external absorption standard
10、s. Given a value for theabsorption coefficient of O3at 253.7 nm and a reading from theabsolute ultraviolet photometer, O3concentrations can becalculated with accuracy.An absolute ultraviolet photometer isused only on prepared O3mixtures free from interferences, asin calibration activity.3.2.2 primar
11、y standarda standard directly defined andestablished by some authority, against which all secondarystandards are compared.3.2.3 secondary standarda standard used as a means ofcomparison, but checked against a primary standard.3.2.4 standardan accepted reference sample or deviceused for establishing
12、the measurement of a physical quantity.3.2.5 transfer standarda type of secondary standard; it isa transportable device or apparatus that, together with opera-tional procedures, is capable of reproducing pollutant concen-trations or producing acceptable assays of pollutant concentra-tions.1These tes
13、t methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on AirQuality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.03 on AmbientAtmospheres and Source Emissions.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2002. Published December 2002. Originallypublished as D 5156 91. Last previous edition D 5156
14、95.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Technical Information Service, Sp
15、ringfield, VA22161.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method is based on the absorption of ultravioletradiation at 253.7-nm wavelength by O3and the use of anozone-specific scrubber
16、to generate a reference air stream withonly O3scrubbed from it. A single-cell ultraviolet absorptionphotometer is used, with the cell filled alternately with ambientand O3-scrubbed ambient air. The absorption to be measured atthe lower part of the operating range is extremely small.Special precautio
17、ns and designs must be used to obtainaccurate results.4.2 The absorption of radiation at 253.7 nm by O3at verylow concentrations follows the Beer-Lambert Law. Namely, fora cell of length d, assuming a constant input ultravioletintensity, the ratio of the emerging intensities for the cell filledwith
18、sample air, Is, and with O3-scrubbed air, Io, is:IsIo5 e2cad!(1)where:c = the concentration of O3, ppm (v),d = the length of the cell, cm, anda = the absorption coefficient of O3per length unit of d andper concentration unit of c.4.3 When (cad) is 100 252,5-dimethystyrene 147 10Benzaldehyde 1, 5 10,
19、 25o-Cresol 19, 12 10, 252-Methyl-4 nitrophenol 139 132-Nitrotoluene 78 10Pyruvic acid 0-5 25Bio-mass combustion products + 26, 29Naphthalene 116 132,4dimethylphenol 18 13Elemental Mercury 10 000-100 000 27, 28, 29PM0.55.0+30AHudgens et al (10) tested scrubbing absorption efficiencies at 10 to 20 pp
20、b(v)levels of potential interferences. Grosjean and Harrison (25) used 0.1 to 1 ppm(v)concentrations of potential interferences.BIn Grosjean and Harrison (25), no response was reported for up to 1 ppm ofthe following compounds: toluene, peroxy acetyl nitrate, biacetyl, peroxybenzoylnitrate, methyl n
21、itrate, n-propyl nitrate, n-butyl nitrate, methanethiol, methyl sulfide,or ethyl sulfide. Huggens et al (10) report no response to benzene, toluene, oro,m,p-xylene at 10 to 20 ppb(v). Kleindienst et al (11) however, report a 10 %response to toluene. Kleindienst et al. (13) report no response to 1,2,
22、4-trimethylbenzene.D5156026(17) EPA-600/4-79-056, “Transfer Standards for Calibration of Air Moni-toringAnalyzers for Ozone,” NationalTechnical Information Service,Springfield, VA 22161.(18) EPA-600/S4-80-050, “Evaluation of Ozone Calibration Techniques,”National Technical Information Service, Sprin
23、gfield, VA 22161.(19) EPA-600/4-79-057, “TechnicalAssistance Document for the Calibra-tion of Ozone Monitors,” National Technical Information Service,Springfield, VA 22161.(20) 40 CFR Part 53, Appendix E.(21) Rehme, K. A., Puzak, J. C., Beard, M. E., Smith, C. F., and Paur, R.J., “Evaluation of Ozon
24、e Calibration Procedures,” EPA-600/S4-80-050, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151,1981.(22) Wendt, J., Kowalski, J., Bass, A. M., Ellis, C., and Patapoff, M.,“Interagency Comparison of Ultraviolet Photometer Standards forMeasuring Ozone Concentrations,” NBS Special Publicat
25、ion SP 529,National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22151,1978.(23) 40 CFR Part 53.20.(24) 40 CFR Part 58.23.(25) Grosjean, D., and Harrison, J., “Response of Chemiluminescent NOXAnalyzers and Ultraviolet Ozone Analyzers to Organic Air Pollut-ants,” Environmental Science and Technolog
26、y, Vol 19, No. 9, 1985, p.862.(26) Huntzicker, J. A., and Johnson, R. L., “Investigations of an AmbientInterference in the Measurement of Ozone by Ultraviolet Photom-etry,” Environmental Science and Technology, Vol 13, No. 11, 1979,p. 1414.(27) McElroy, F., Mikel, D., Nees, M., Quality Assurance Han
27、dbook forAir Pollutant Measurement Systems, Vol. II, May 1997 (USEPA,RTP, NC)http:/www.epa.gov/ttn/amtic/files/ambient/qaqc/ozone4.pdf.(28) Laboratory Study to Explore Potential Interferences to Air QualityMonitors, EPA-454/C-00-002, December 1999 (USEPA, RTP, NC)http:/www.epa.gov.ttn/amtic/files/am
28、bient/criteria/reldocs/finalreport.pdf.(29) Friedli, H.R., Radke, L.F., Lu, J.Y., “Mercury in Smoke fromBiomass Fires,” Geophysical Research Letters 28: 3223 (2001).(30) Leston, A.R., Ollison, W.M., “The Impact of Ambient Aerosols onOzone as Measured by Ultraviolet Photometry,” VIP-100/CD, Mea-surement of Toxic and Related Air Pollutants, Air or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5156027
