1、Designation: D 5159 04Standard Guide forDusting Attrition of Granular Activated Carbon1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5159; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide presents a procedure for evaluating theresistance to dusting attrition of granular activated carbons. Forthe purpose of this guide
3、, the dust attrition coefficient, DA, isdefined as the weight (or calculated volume) of dust per unittime, collected on a preweighed filter, in a given vibratingdevice during a designated time per unit weight of carbon. Theinitial dust content of the sample may also be determined.Granular activated
4、carbon is defined as a minimum of 90 %being larger than 80 mesh (0.18 mm) (see Test Methods D2867).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are forinformation only.1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safetyconcer
5、ns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 2854 Test Method for the Apparent Density of A
6、ctivatedCarbonD 2867 Test Methods for Moisture in Activated CarbonE 11 Specification for Wire-Cloth Sieves for Testing Pur-posesE 300 Practice for Sampling Industrial Chemicals3. Summary of Guide3.1 A known volume of known weight of the granularactivated carbon is placed in a sample holder and vibra
7、ted atconstant acceleration (g) for a known time. The dust is carriedby an air stream passing through the vibrating sample and isthen collected on a preweighed filter. The quantities of dustcollected in six 10-min intervals are determined by weighingson an analytical balance.4. Significance and Use4
8、.1 Three forces can mechanically degrade a granular acti-vated carbon: impact, crushing, and attrition. Of these three,attrition, or abrasion, is the most common cause of dustformation in actual service. Published test procedures todetermine the 9hardness9 of activated carbons produce resultsthat in
9、 general cannot be correlated with field experience. Forexample, the ball-pan hardness test applies all three forces tothe sample in a variable manner determined by the size, shape,and density of the particles. The 9stirring bar9 abrasion testmeasures attrition so long as the particle size is smalle
10、r than 12mesh. There is some evidence, however, that the results of thistest method are influenced by particle geometry. The procedureset forth in this guide measures the effect of friction forcesbetween vibrating or slowly moving particles during the testand may be only slightly dependent on partic
11、le size, shape anddensity effects.5. Apparatus5.1 Vibrating Table3, capable of providing an RMS (rootmean square) acceleration of 40 m/s/s (4 g).5.2 Test Cell, such as shown in Fig. 1, preferably made ofaluminum or other electrically conductive material.5.3 Piezoelectric Accelerometer4, capable of m
12、easuring anRMS acceleration chosen by the user. A value of 40 m/s/s (4 g)is suitable when using the apparatus in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.4 Signal Conditioner,5to interface the accelerometer withan AC millivolt meter, capable of producing a linear outputvoltage from 0 to 1 V-ac, proportional to the accel
13、eration.5.5 Voltmeter6, 0 to 1 V-ac.5.6 Ammeter, ac, 0 to 1000 mA accurate to 1 mA.5.7 Variable Transformer,0to120V.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D28 onActivated Carbon and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D28.04 on GasPhase Evaluation Tests.Current editio
14、n approved Feb. 1, 2004. Published March 2004. Last previousversion approved in 1997 as D 515991 (1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standard
15、s Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A Buffalo Dental Manufacturing Co., (Underhill Blvd., Syosset, NY 11791)vibrator, Model No. 1, rated 40 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, and a Syntron Model J-1Avibrating jogger, rated 30 W at 115 V, 60 Hz, have been found suitable for thispurpose.4An Endevco accelerome
16、ter, Model No. 2251, has been found suitable for thispurpose.5An Endevco Model 4416 signal conditioner, battery operated, has been foundsuitable for this purpose.6A Keithley 179 digital multimeter, available from Keithley Instruments, AuroraRd., Cleveland, OH 44139, has been found suitable for this
17、purpose.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.8 Timer Control, 0 to 120 min.NOTE 1234 in. (69.9 mm) inside diameter by 3 in. (76.2 mm) outside diameter by116 in. (1.6 mm) thick.NOTE 2 Specification E 11 wire cloth, 250 m,
18、 stainless wire, 3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.NOTE 337 % open area, fabricated from 24 gage stainless steel with 0.45 in. (11.4 mm) diameter holes on 0.066 in. (1.68 mm) centers, square grid3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter.FIG. 1 Dust Attrition Cell (full scale)NOTE 1An Endevco accelerator, Model 2250A, has bee
19、n found satisfactory for this purpose.FIG. 2 Apparatus AssemblyD 5159 0425.9 Rubber Isolation Pad, a 45 durometer neoprene rubberpad has been found satisfactory.5.10 Flowmeter, with flow control valve capable of control-ling air flow at the flow rate chosen by the user of this guide.A flow of about
20、7 L/min is suitable when using the apparatusof Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.5.11 Particulate Filter, sized to interface with test cell,capable of capturing carbon fines. Several commercial glassfiber filters have been found satisfactory. Also effective are theparticulate filters sold for respiratory protection
21、 against paintspray or other particulate hazards.5.12 Graduated Cylinder, 100 mL capacity.5.13 Analytical Balance, capable of weighing to 0.1 mg.6. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units6.1 Guidance in sampling granular activated carbon is givenin Practice E 300 (see also 8.1).7. Preparation of Ap
22、paratus7.1 Assemble a test cell similar to that shown in Fig. 1 andFig. 2. .7.2 Mount the accelerometer at the center of the cover plate.7.3 Place the vibrator test assembly on the vibration isola-tion pad so that the cover plate of the test cell is level.7.4 Connect the accelerometer lead to the si
23、gnal condi-tioner, then connect the output of the signal conditioner to themicrovolt meter (see Fig. 3).7.5 Connect the accelerometer lead to the signal condi-tioner, then connect the output of the signal conditioner to themicrovolt meter (see Fig. 3).7.6 Connect the vibrator to the variable transfo
24、rmer andconnect the transformer to a timer control with the milliam-meter in series (see Fig. 2).7.7 Connect the air outlet of the attrition test cell to theflowmeter, and connect the flowmeter to a vacuum source (seeFig. 3).8. Procedure8.1 Measure a known volume (about 100 mL) of the sampleinto a t
25、ared, graduated cylinder using the method and apparatusdescribed in Test Method D 2854 and weigh to the nearest 0.1g. If the average nominal particle size of the sample is less than12 mesh, a 50 mL sample may be preferred.NOTE 1A Model No. 1 vibrator available from Buffalo Dental Mfg., Underhill Blv
26、d., Syosset, NY 11791, has been found suitable for this purpose.FIG. 3 Test Cell Components Requiring Fabrication (34 in. = 1 in. scale)D 5159 0438.1.1 Reproducibility in duplicate or quadruplicate determi-nations may be improved by taking two or four times thevolume of the given sample and making o
27、ne subdivision bycareful coning and quartering.8.1.2 A second convenient procedure is to use a miniaturesample divider and divide the sample once or twice as desired.Mount Micro splitter9 for mineral sampling on a vibratingtable to ensure an equal division of all particles, especially thefines.8.2 C
28、alculate the apparent density of the sample using TestMethod D 2854.8.3 Quantitatively transfer the sample into the sampleholder section of the test cell.8.4 Weigh the particulate filter to 0.1 mg.8.5 IInsert the weighed particulate filter into the apparatus.8.6 Assemble the test cell assembly and s
29、ecure it to thevibrator table.8.7 Set the timer control to 10 minutes. Note - 10 minutes isused only as an example to illustrate the procedure forcalculating DA in Section 9. The user of this guide may selectanother time interval.8.8 Start the air flowing, then adjust to draw the desiredvolumetric f
30、low of air through the sample.8.9 Increase the voltage to the vibrator from 9zero9 toproduce the RMS acceleration chosen by the user. An accel-eration value of about 40 m/s/s, (4 g) is often used.8.10 Vibrate the sample for 10 min or other period (see 8.7).8.11 Carefully remove and weigh the particu
31、late filter to 0.1mg.8.12 Insert a second weighed particulate filter.8.13 Before returning the sample holder, place a flat piece ofglass over the top and hold firmly in place while slowlyinverting the sample several times in order to re-distributeparticles that may have become bed-locked or segregat
32、edduring vibration.8.14 Repeat 8.4 through 8.13 for a total of six 10-minvibration intervals.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the total dust collected during the followingdesignated time intervals:Interval,minWeight,mgIntegratedTime, minIntegratedWeight, mg010 w110 w11020 w210 w22030 w320 w2+ w33040 w430
33、 w2+ w3+ w44050 w540 w2+ w3+ w4+ w55060 w650 w2+ w3+ w4+ w5+ w69.2 Using the integrated time intervals as x-coordinate andthe corresponding total dust as y-coordinate, and excluding thefirst 10 min interval, calculate a least square linear regressionon the five pairs of Xi, Yi; where: i =2,3,4,5,6.9
34、.3 The slope is the dust attrition, DA, in mg/min; calculatethe correlation coefficient.9.4 The regression coefficient, R2, should be at least 0.95. Ifthis is not the case, the test should be repeated.9.5 Calculate the initial dust content, DU = w110DA.9.6 Calculate the dust attrition coefficient by
35、 volume, DA(V) from the following equation:DA V! 5 DA W!/apparent density, L/min (1)where:apparent density is expressed as mg/L.10. Keywords10.1 activated carbon; attrition; dusting; granularASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with
36、 any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible techni
37、cal committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideratio
38、n at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harb
39、or Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5159 044
