1、Designation: D5226 98 (Reapproved 2010)1Standard Practice forDissolving Polymer Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5226; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEReapproved with editorial changes throughout in January 2010.1. Scope1.1 This practice outlines the parameters applicable to thepreparation of a po
3、lymeric solution, such as solvent, concen-tration, temperature, pressure, time, agitation, and heatingmode.1.2 The proper use of this practice requires knowledge ofsolvents and their effect on polymeric materials.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associ
4、ated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D88
5、3 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlastics2.2 Other Document:Polymer Handbook33. Terminology3.1 Definitions are in accordance with Terminology D883.3.2 Abbreviations are in accordance with TerminologyD1600.4. Summary of Practice4.1 A polymer solutio
6、n can be described or prepared usingthe cell classifications listing the parameters relative to solvatethe polymer. The cell classifications are listed in the followingorder: polymer, solvent, concentration, temperature, time, con-tainer, heating mode, and agitation.4.1.1 A polymer and a list of sug
7、gested solvents for makinga solution are listed in Annex A1.4.1.2 Table 1 designates the parameters for container, heat-ing mode, and type of agitation.NOTE 2To illustrate the use of the cell classifications with Table 1,a2 % solution of poly(vinyl chloride) using cyclohexanone would bewritten as:PV
8、C2cyclohexanone2202662402BECwhere:PVC = abbreviation of the polymer from Annex A1,cyclohexanone = the solvent from Annex A1,20 = weight of polymer in tenths of a percent,66 = temperature in degrees Celsius,40 = time in tenths of an hour,B = glass container from Table 1,E = bath heater from Table 1,
9、andC = random agitation from Table 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice embodies the specifications to describe thepreparation of a polymeric solution.6. Procedure6.1 PolymerSelect the applicable polymer from AnnexA1 and write its abbreviation.6.2 SolventSelect the solvent applicable to the po
10、lymerfrom Annex A1.6.3 ConcentrationWrite the polymer gram weight intenths of a percent per milliliter of solvent.6.4 TemperatureWrite the solution temperature in degreesCelsius.6.5 TimeWrite the time for solution in tenths of an hour.6.6 ContainerSelect the type of container from Table 1.6.7 Heatin
11、g ModeSelect the heating mode from Table 1.6.8 AgitationSelect the agitation mode from Table 1.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.70 on Analytical Methods.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2010. Published Febru
12、ary 2010. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D5226 - 98(2003).DOI: 10.1520/D5226-98R101.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, re
13、fer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.7. Precision and Bias7.1 No statement is made about the precision or bias
14、 of thispractice since the procedure is descriptive with no measure-ments being made.8. Keywords8.1 polymer solutions; solution preparation; solutions;solventsANNEX(Mandatory Information)A1. SUGGESTED SOLVENTS FOR POLYMERIC SOLUTIONSA1.1 Note the following:A1.1.1 The solvents in Table A1.1 are liste
15、d in randomorder.A1.1.2 An increase in polymer molecular weight reducessolubility.A1.1.3 Branching increases the solubility compared to alinear polymer of the same molecular weight.A1.1.4 Solubility normally increases with rising tempera-ture.A1.1.5 The temperature is for room temperature unlessnote
16、d.A1.1.6 The following abbreviations are used in Table A1.1:D.S. = degree of substitution,S.C. = substituent content,conc. = concentrated.TABLE A1.1 SolventsAbbreviation Polymer SolventsABA Acrylonitrile-butadiene-acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,esters, keto
17、nes, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-acetamide (ifhigh acrylonitrile)ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide (if highacrylonitrile), cyclohexanone (above 35C), cyclohexanone/acetone,methylcyclohexane/acetone, decahydronaphthalene/dimethyloxalate, benzene,
18、 toluene, ethylbenzene, styrene, lower chlorinatedhydrocarbons, phenol/acetone, tetrahydrofuran,dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropylketone, glycol formal, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl-, ethyl-,n-butyl phthalate, 1-nitropropane, carbon disulfide, tributyl phospha
19、te,phosphorus trichlorideAlkydes TetrahydrofuranAMMA Acrylonitrile/metha methacrylate benzene, toluene, xylene, methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylenechloride, chlorobenzene, isobutanol (hot), cyclohexanol (hot),B-ethoxyethanol, dioxane, methyl ethyl ketone, diisopropyl ketone,cyclohexanone, aceti
20、c acid, isobutyric acid, methyl formate, ethylacetate, cyclohexyl acetate, isobutyl propionate, butyl lactateADC Allyl diglycol carbonate benzene, chloroform, acetoneCMC Carboxylmethyl celluose S.C. = 5 to 10 % alkaliS.C. = 15 to 30 % water (sodium salt)S.C. = highbenzene/alcohol, benzene/acetone, c
21、hloroform,pyridine, acetone, esters, tetrahydrofuranCA Cellulose acetate D.S. = 0.6 to 0.8waterD.S. = 1.3 to 1.72-methoxyethanolD.S. = 2.0 to 2.3methylene chloride/methanol at 80:20,chloroform/methanol, benzyl alcohol, phenols, ethylene glycolethers, dioxane, diethanolamine, pyridine, analine, aceto
22、ne,cyclohexanone, formic acid, acetic acid glacial), methyl acetate,ethyl acetate/nitrobenzene, glycol monoethyl ether acetate,nitromethane, tetrahydrofuranTABLE 1 ParametersDesignation Container Heater Mode Agitation ModeA unspecified unspecified unspecifiedB glass none noneC sealed glass vial oven
23、 randomD metal hot plate magnetic stirrerE fluoropolymer bath propeller bladeF block heater wrist actionG electric mantle ultrasonicH microwaveD5226 98 (2010)12TABLE A1.1 ContinuedAbbreviation Polymer SolventsCAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 0.8 and D.S. (butyrate) = 2.35benzene, tolu
24、ene (hot), chloroform, carbon tetrachloride,tetrachloroethane, methanol (hot), acetone, cyclo-hexanone,dioxane, aliphatic esters, nitroethaneCAB Cellulose acetate-butyrate D.S. (acetate) = 2.1 and D.S. (butyrate) = 0.7chloroform, dichloroethane, tetrachloroethane, dioxane, acetone,cyclohexanone, met
25、hyl acetate, ethyl acetate, nitroethaneCAP Cellulose acetate propionate benzene, dichloromethane, chlorobenzene, acetone, ethyl acetateCN Cellulose nitrate N = 6.8 % waterN = 10.5 to 12 % alcohol (lower), alcohol/diethyl ether, acetone,amyl acetate, ethylene glycol ethers, acetic acid (glacial)N = 1
26、2.7 % halogenated hydrocarbons, ethanol/diethyl ether,acetone, methyl amyl acetone, cyclo-hexanone, methyl acetate,ethyl acetate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl lactate, ethylene glycol etheracetates, ethylene carbonate, furan derivatives, nitrobenzeneCP Cellulose propionate benzene, dichloro-ethane, chlorob
27、enzene, acetone, ethyl acetateCTA Cellulose triacetate methylene chloride, methylene chloride/ethanol at 80:20,chloroform, chloroform/alcohol, trichloroethane, tetrahydrofuran,dioxane, acetone, acetone/water at 80:20, methyl acetate, ethyleneglycol ether acetates, ethylene carbonateEPDM Diene-modifi
28、ed elthylene-propylene1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, toluene at 75C, 1,2,4-trichloro-benzene at135CEP Epoxy, epoxide TetrahydrofuranEC Ethyl cellulose D.S. = 0.5 to 0.7aqueous alkaliD.S. = 1.0 to 1.5pyridene, formic acid, water (cold), cuoxamD.S. = 2methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethylene,chlorohy
29、drins, ethanol, tetrahydrofuranD.S. = 2.3benzene, toluene, alkyl halogenids, alcohols, furanderivatives, ketones, acetic esters, carbon disulfide, nitromethaneD.S. = 3.0benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, alcohols, estersEEA Ethylene/ethyl acrylate aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons,
30、tetrahydrofuran,esters, ketonesEMA Ethylene/methacrylic acid water, aqueous hydrogen chloride (0.002M above 30C), diluteaqueous sodium hydroxideETFE Ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer perfluorokerosene (350C)EVA Ethylene/vinyl acetate benzene, toluene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride/ethanol,di
31、chloroethylene/ethanol at 20:80, chlorobenzene, methanol,ethanol/water, n-butanol/water, allyl alcohol, 2,4-dimethyl-3-pentanol, benzyl alcohol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, tetrahydrofuran,dimethyltetrahydrofuran, dioxane, glycol ethers, glycol ether esters,acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, acetic acid,
32、 lower aliphatic acids,vinyl acetate, acetals, acetonitrile, nitromethane, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene at135C (if high ethylene content)LCP Liquid crystal polymer 50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol at 175C, pentafluorophenolMF Melamine formaldehyde Very low mol
33、ecular weightalcohol, waterIntermediatespyridine, formalin, formic acids, dilute andconcentrated acidsHigh molecular weightm-cresol at 100C, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl pyrrolidoneat 85 to 100CPF Phenol-formaldehyde Novalks and low molecular weighthydrocarbons, diethyl eth
34、er,acetone, esters, 4-tert-butylphenol and 4-phenylphenol polymers,drying oils, tetrahydrofuran, methanolFinal resinsmolten phenols (with some decomposition)PAA Poly(acrylic acid) Atacticmethanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, methyoxyethanol,dioxane, formamide, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, water, dilute alk
35、alisolutionIsotacticdioxane/water at 80:20D5226 98 (2010)13TABLE A1.1 ContinuedAbbreviation Polymer SolventsPAN Polyacrylonitrile Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)o-, m-, p-phenylene diamine,N-formylhexamethyleneimine, N-nitrosopiperidine, maleic anhydride,chloromaleic anhydride, succinic anhydride, acetic an
36、hydride,citraconic anhydride, g-butyrolactone, dioxanone, p-dioxanedione,ethylene oxalate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate,2-oxazolidone, 1-methyl-2-pyridone, 1,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone,E-caprolactam, N,N-dimethyl-formamide, dimethylthioformamide,N-methyl-B-cyanoethylformamide, cyanoaceticac
37、id, a-cyano-acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-diethylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylmethoxyacetamide, N,N-dimethyl-a,a,a-trifluoroacetamide, N,N-dimethylpropionate, N,N,N,N-tetramethyloxamide, hydroxyacetonitrile, chloro-acetonitrile/water,B-hydroxypropionitrile, malonitrile, fumaronitril
38、e, succinonitrile,adiponitrile, bis(2-cyanoethyl)ether, bis(2-cyanoethyl)sulfide, bis(4-cyanobutyl)sulfone, 1,3,3,5-tetracyanopentane, nitromethane/water(94:6), 1,1,1-trichloro-3-nitro-2-propane, tri(2-cyanoethyl)nitromethane, 3-,4-nitrophenol, methylene dithiocyanate,trimethylene dithiocyanate, dim
39、ethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylenesulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ethyl methyl sulfone, 2-hydroxyethylmethyl sulfone, ethylene-1,2-bis-(ethyl sulfone), dimethyl phosphite,diethyl phosphite, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, p-phenol sulfonic acid,conc. aqueous lithium chloride, conc. aqueous zinc chloride, conc
40、.aqueous aluminum perchlorate, conc. aqueous sodium thiocyanate,conc. aqueous calcium thiocyanate, molten quaternary ammoniumsalts and their aqueous solutionsPA Polyamide 6m-cresol, chlorophenol, formic acid, acetic acid, trichloroaceticacid, ethylene carbonate, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid,hexame
41、thyltrisphosphoramide, hexafluoroisopropanol6:6 (at room temperature)trifluoroethanol, trichloroethanol,phenol, cresols, chloral hydrate, formic acid, halogenated aceticacids, hydrogen fluoride, hydrogen cyanide/methanol, liquid sulfurdioxide, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, saturated solution of al
42、cohol-soluble salts, for example, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, inmethanol, hexafluoroisopropanol6:6 (at temperatures of 120 to 140C)benzyl alcohol, ethylenechlorohydrin, 1,3-chloropropanol, 2-butene-1,4-diol, diethyleneglycol, acetic acid, formamide, N-acetylmorpholine, dimethylsulfoxide6:1
43、0chlorobenzene, hexafluoroisopropanol, dimethyl succinate(79C)11:higher primary alcohols, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, hexafluoroisopropanolPA/PET Polyamide + PolyethyleneterephthalatePentafluorophenolPB Poly(butadiene) tetrahydrofuran, toluene, chloroformPBAN Polybutadiene-acrylonitril
44、e benzene, halogenated hydrocarbons, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic andaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,higher ketones, higher aliphatic esters, N,N-dimethylformamide,N,N-dimethylacetamide (if high acrylonitrile content)PBS Polybutadiene-styrene benzene, halogenated hydroc
45、arbons, aliphatic, cycloaliphatic andaromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated hydrocarbons, tetrahydrofuran,higher ketones, higher aliphatic estersPBT Poly(butylene terephthalate) m-cresol at 100C, hexafluoroisopropanolPB Polybutene-1 see PolyethylenePC Polycarbonate benzene, chloroform, acetone, tetrahyd
46、rofuran, methylene chlorideNeoprene Polychloroprene tetrahydrofuran, toluenePEEK Polyetheretherketone 50:50 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene/phenol at 135CPEI Poly(ether imide) N-methyl pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide at 85CPES Poly(ether sulfone) tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformami
47、dePE Polyethylene High-density (HDPE) (at temperatures above 80C)aliphatic,cycloaliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated aliphatic,cycloaliphatic, and aromatic hydrocarbons, higher aliphatic estersand ketones, di-n-amyl etherLow-density (LDPE)(LLDPE)as high density, but temperatures 20to 30
48、C lower depending on the degree of branchingCPE Polyethylene, chlorinated, 40 %Cl (at elevated temperature)tetrahydronapthalene, toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethane,chlorobenzene, cyclohexanoneD5226 98 (2010)14TABLE A1.1 ContinuedAbbreviation Polymer SolventsCPE Polyethylene, chlorinated, 60 %Cltetra
49、hydronapthalene, benzene, toluene, methylene chloride,chloroform, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexanone, acetone/carbon disulfide at 1:1PEO Poly(ethylene oxide) benzene, toluene, methylene chloride, chloroform, carbontetrachloride, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, waterPET Poly(ethylene terephthalate) chloral hydrate, phenol, phenol/tetrachloroethane at 1:1 by volume,phenol/2,4,6-trichlorophenol at 10:7 by volume, chlorophenol,hexafluoroisopropanol, nitrobenzene, dimethyl sulfoxide (hot),halogenated
