1、Designation: D 5240 04Standard Test Method forTesting Rock Slabs to Evaluate Soundness of Riprap byUse of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5240; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the
2、 case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers test procedures for evaluatingthe soundness of riprap by the
3、effects of a sodium or magne-sium sulfate solution on slabs of rock.1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are tobe regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user o
4、f this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 88 Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use ofSodium Sulfate or Magnesium SulfateC 295 Practice for Petrogr
5、aphic Examination of Aggregatesfor ConcreteD 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and ContainedFluidsD 3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for AgenciesEngaged in the Testing and/or Inspection of Soil and rockas Used in Engineering Design and ConstructionD 4753 Specification for Evaluating, Sel
6、ecting, and Speci-fying Balances and Scales for Use in Soil and RockTestingD 4992 Practice for Evaluation of Rock to Be Used forErosion ControlD 5121 Practices for Preparation of Rock Slabs for Dura-bility TestingD 6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechni-cal Data3. Terminology3.1 Def
7、initions of words are in accordance with Terminol-ogy D 653.4. Significance and Use4.1 Rock riprap is composed of pieces of natural rock thatare placed on construction projects to minimize the effects oferosion. The ability of riprap to withstand deterioration fromweathering affects both the effecti
8、veness of the project and itscost. The sodium sulfate or magnesium sulfate soundness testis one method by which to estimate qualitatively the durabilityof rock under weathering conditions.NOTE 1The quality of results produced by this standard is dependenton the competence of the personnel performing
9、 it and suitability of theequipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of PracticeD 3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objectivetesting. Reliable results depend on many factors and Practice D 3740provides a means of evaluating some of them.4.2 The results of thi
10、s test method are not to be used as thesole basis for determination of rock durability, but rathershould always be used in conjunction with the results of othertests.4.3 This test method has been used to evaluate manydifferent types of rocks. There have been occasions when testresults have provided
11、data that have not agreed with thedurability of rock under actual field conditions; samplesyielding a low soundness loss have disintegrated in actualusage, and the reverse has been true.5. Apparatus5.1 Circular Diamond Saw, 14-in. (360-mm) diameter, ca-pable of sawing rock, of the type required for
12、Practices D 5121.5.2 Apparatus, as required by Test Method C 88, with thefollowing exception: sieves are not required, and the balanceshall meet the requirements of Class GP 10 in SpecificationD 4753 and be accurate within 5 g.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil
13、 andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.17 on Rock for ErosionControl.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2004. Published February 2004. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D 525092(1997).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www
14、.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
15、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Special Solutions Required6.1 The solutions required in this test method shall be thesodium or magnesium sulfate solutions required by TestMethod C 88, and they shall be prepared and used in the samemanner.7. Samples7.1 A source of rock
16、to be sampled, shall be guided byPractice D 4992 (mine, quarry, outcrop, or field boulders) thatis macroscopically uniform in color, texture, mineralogy, orsome other visual property shall be represented by a sampleconsisting of a minimum of five pieces of rock, and amacroscopically nonuniform sourc
17、e shall be represented by aminimum of eight pieces of rock. Each piece of rock shall beof a size such that testing can proceed without further mechani-cal crushing. In all cases, the pieces shall be chosen to providea visually unbiased sample of the majority of rocks present ata source. Rock types,
18、as determined from their macroscopicproperties, that comprise less than 5 % of the source may beignored unless their presence in a sample will greatly affect thetest results and subsequent proposed use of the rock.8. Preparation of Test Specimen8.1 Saw the sample as indicated in Practices D 5121. Cu
19、t atleast one slab (specimen) from each sample for subsequenttesting. Make the first cut at a point between13 and12 of thedistance from the edge to the middle of the piece.8.2 Make each specimen 64 6 6 mm (2.5 614 in.) thick.Slab heights (the distance above the saw table) and lengthsshall be a minim
20、um of 125 mm (5 in.). The length willnormally be greater than the height.8.3 Due to internal defects, in certain cases a slab will breakduring the sawing process. Do not test this slab or anyfragments that break off the slab. The percent loss of breakageshall be estimated visually and noted in the r
21、eport.NOTE 2The best estimates of rock durability are made from theresults of tests performed on the largest possible slabs of rock that includethe typical textures found in the rock.9. Procedure9.1 Describe each slab as indicated in Practice D 5121.9.2 Dry each slab in an oven to a constant mass at
22、 1106 5C(2306 9F), and record the mass. In most cases, drying slabsovernight (12 to 16 h) is sufficient. In cases where there isdoubt concerning the adequacy of drying, drying should becontinued until the change in mass after two time intervals(greater than 1 h) of drying is less than about 1 %.9.3
23、Place each slab in an individual basket and immerse it ina sulfate solution, according to the procedure of 9 of TestMethod C 88.9.4 Repeat the process of immersion and drying for a totalof five cycles.10. Quantitative Examination10.1 Perform the following calculation for each slab:% soundness loss 5
24、 A 2 B!/A 3 100 (1)where:A = oven-dried mass of the slab prior to testing, andB = oven-dried mass of the largest remaining piece of eachslab after testing.10.2 Determine the percent loss for all slabs from thecumulative initial and final masses.% average soundness loss 5 C 2 D!/C 3 100 (2)where:C =
25、oven-dried cumulative mass of all slabs prior to testing,andD = oven-dried cumulative mass of the largest remainingpieces of all slabs after testing.11. Report11.1 Report the following information:11.1.1 Identification number.11.1.2 Sample location (source).11.1.3 Type of rock.11.1.4 Type of solutio
26、n used in the soundness test.11.1.5 Description and visual estimation of the percent ofany fragments broken off the slab during the sawing processthat are not tested.11.1.6 Initial oven dry mass of each slab prior to testing, andits percent soundness loss after testing, plus the percentaverage sound
27、ness loss after testing.11.1.7 Description of any deterioration suffered by the slabduring testing, noting any cracks, flaking, or disintegration.11.1.8 Any uncertainty with the test results arising fromsampling or test conditions.11.1.9 Report results to 1 decimal place. Refer to PracticeD 6026 for
28、 guidance concerning significant digits.11.2 The following report items are optional:11.2.1 Geological formation name of the rock source.11.2.2 Photograph of the slab before and after testing, witha scale indicating the specimen size.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Due to the nature of the rock materials
29、 tested by thistest method, it is not possible to produce multiple specimensthat have uniform physical properties. ASTM SubcommitteeD18.17 is instituting a program of specimen testing to deter-mine the feasibility of precision measurements and welcomesproposals that would allow for the development o
30、f a validprecision statement. No accepted reference value exists for thistest method; therefore, bias cannot be determined.13. Keywords13.1 riprap; rock defects; rock durability; rock weathering;soundness of riprapD5240042SUMMARY OF CHANGESIn accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identi
31、fies the location of changes to the standard sincethe last edition that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added Terminology D 653 and Practices D 3740 andD 6026 to Section 2.(2) Added Terminology section.(3) Added new note 1 to Section 4.(4) Added new sentence to end of 9.2.(5) Changed “test”
32、to immerse in 9.3.(6) Changed “average percent loss” to “percent average sound-ness loss” in 11.1.6.(7) Added new 11.1.9.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expres
33、sly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,
34、 either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may at
35、tend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5240043
