1、Designation: D 5261 92 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las
2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method can be used as an index to thedetermination of mass per unit area of all geotextiles.1.2 The values stat
3、ed in SI units or other units shall beregarded separately as standard. The values stated in parenthe-ses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
4、 establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthet
5、ics for TestingD 4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics2.2 ISO/DIS Document:ISO/DIS 9864-1990 Mass per Unit Area of Geotextiles33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n air maintainedat a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and temperature of 21 62C (70 6 4F).3.1.2 geosyntheti
6、c, na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil, rock, earth, or othergeotechnical-engineering-related material as an integral part ofa man-made project, structure, or system.3.1.3 geotextile, nany permeable textile used with foun-dation, soil, rock, earth, or any other geote
7、chnical-engineering-related material as an integral part of a man-made project,structure, or system.3.1.4 DiscussionCurrent textile manufacturing techniquesproduce: nonwoven fabrics, knitted (non-tabular) fabrics, andwoven fabrics.3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, r
8、efer to Terminology D 123.3.3 For definitions of other terms relating to geotextiles usedin this test method, refer to Terminology D 4439.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The mass per unit area of a geotextile is determined byweighing test specimens of known dimensions, cut fromvarious locations over th
9、e full width of the laboratory sample.The calculated values are then averaged to obtain the meanmass per unit area of the laboratory sample.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to determine if the geotextilematerial meets specifications for mass per unit area. This testmethod can be u
10、sed for quality control to determine specimenconformance. This measurement allows for a simple control ofthe delivered material by a comparison of the mass per unitarea of the delivered material and the specified mass per unitarea.5.2 The procedure in this test method may be used foracceptance testi
11、ng of commercial shipments, but caution isadvised since information about between-laboratory precisionis incomplete. Comparative tests in accordance with 5.2.1 areadvisable.5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inreported test results when using the procedures in this testmethod for ac
12、ceptance testing of commercial shipments, thepurchaser and the manufacturer should conduct comparativetests to determine if there is a statistical bias between theirlaboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommendedfor the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two partiesshould take a
13、group of test specimens that are as homogeneousas possible and which are from a lot of material of the type inquestion. The test specimen should then be randomly assignedin equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The averageresults from the two laboratories should be compared using theappropri
14、ate students t-test and an acceptable probability levelchosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias isfound, either its cause must be found and corrected or the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcom
15、mittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5261 92 (2003).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at servicea
16、stm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ISO Case Postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Unit
17、ed States.purchaser and the manufacturer must agree to interpret futuretest results in light of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 Balance, calibrated, capable of weighing to 5000 g, withan accuracy of 0.01 g.7. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleDivide the test specimens into lots, and forthe lot to be tested, take
18、 the lot sample in accordance withPractice D 4354.7.2 Laboratory SampleConsider the units in the lotsample as the units in the laboratory sample. For the laboratorysample, take a full width swatch of sufficient length along thesalvage so that the requirements of Section 7.3 can be met.7.2.1 The labo
19、ratory sample should be free from imperfec-tions or other areas not representative of the material sampled.7.3 The number of test specimens shall be a minimum offive, cut such that they are representative of the entire rollwidth and with a combined total minimum area of 100 000mm2(155 in.2). Each te
20、st specimen shall be equal in area (notless than 10 000 mm2(15.5 in.2), as described in ISO/DIS9864-1990). Cut each test specimen with an accuracy of60.5 % of its area.NOTE 1For test specimens prepared in the field, larger thanminimum-sized test specimens will be required to stay within the cuttinga
21、ccuracy (0.5 %). Field experience has shown that a test specimen with anarea not less than 90 000 mm2(139.5 in.2) will be necessary to achieve therequired accuracy.7.3.1 Cut the test specimens at least one tenth the width ofthe geotextile from any selvage, unless otherwise specified.7.3.2 If the str
22、ucture of the geotextile is such that thespecified test specimen size is not representative of thelaboratory sample, a larger size shall be agreed upon betweenthe purchaser and the supplier.8. Conditioning8.1 Bring the test specimens to moisture equilibrium in theatmosphere for testing geotextiles.
23、Equilibrium is considered tohave been reached when the increase in mass of the testspecimen in successive weighings, made at intervals of not lessthan 2 h, does not exceed 60.1 % of the mass of the testspecimen. In general practice, the industry approaches equilib-rium from the “as-received” side.NO
24、TE 2It is recognized that in practice geotextile materials frequentlyare not weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has beenreached. While such a procedure cannot be accepted in cases of dispute,it may be sufficient in routine testing to expose the material to the standardatmosphere for test
25、ing for a reasonable period of time before thespecimens are tested. A time of at least 24 h has been found acceptable inmost cases. However, certain fibers may exhibit slow moisture equilibra-tion rates from the “as-received” wet side. When this is known, apreconditioning cycle, in accordance with P
26、ractice D 1776, may be agreedupon between the contractural parties.9. Procedure9.1 Test the conditioned test specimens in the standardatmosphere for testing geotextiles.9.2 Weigh each of the conditioned specimens separately ona calibrated balance to the nearest 0.01 g.10. Calculation10.1 Calculate t
27、he mass per unit area of each of thespecimens as follows:m 5 Ms 3 1 000 000/A (1)where:m = mass per unit area rounded to the nearest 0.1 g/m2,Ms = mass of the specimen, g, andA = area of the specimen, mm2.10.2 Repeat this procedure for each test specimen.10.3 Calculate the average and standard devia
28、tion of themass per unit area results for the test specimens.11. Report11.1 Report the following information on mass per unit areaof geotextiles:11.1.1 Type of geotextile tested, sampling method used, thetest specimen size, shape, and the number of test specimenstested,11.1.2 The average mass per un
29、it area and standard devia-tion to three significant figures, and11.1.3 A statement of any departures from the suggestedtesting procedures so that the results can be evaluated and used.12. Precision and Bias12.1 PrecisionThe precision of this test method is beingestablished.12.2 BiasThis test method
30、 has no bias because the valueof mass per unit area can only be defined in terms of a testmethod.13. Keywords13.1 geotextile; mass per unit area; weightASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Us
31、ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed ever
32、y five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible techni
33、cal committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5261 92 (2009)2
