1、Designation: D 5264 98 (Reapproved 2004)Standard Practice forAbrasion Resistance of Printed Materials by the SutherlandRub Tester1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5264; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of rev
2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for determining theabrasion resistance of printed materials using
3、 the SutherlandRub Tester, or its equivalent, equipped with full-width rubberpads and using standardized receptors.1.2 This practice is applicable to labels, folding cartons,corrugated boxes, inserts, circulars, and other packaging ma-terials having applied graphics on a flat substrate.1.3 This stan
4、dard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 A
5、STM Standards:2D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-mentsD 4332 Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, orPackaging Components for TestingE 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate aMeasure of Quality of a Lot or Process3. Terminology3.1 General definitions for p
6、ackaging and distribution arefound in Terminology D 996.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 abrasion resistanceability of a printed surface toresist mechanical destruction.3.2.2 abrasivenessthe degree to which another materialcan abrade the surface of the test specimen.3.2.3 rec
7、eptorfilm or paper of a specified abrasivenessonto which coatings (for example, ink or protective coating)removed from the specimen are deposited during the abrasiontest.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The test specimen is mounted on top of the rubber padon the Sutherland base and the receptor is cut to f
8、it the 0.91-kg(2-lb) or the 1.81-kg (4-lb) weight (depending on which one isbeing used). The receptor is mounted to the weight. The testduration is determined by the number of strokes (a stroke is oneback-and-forth cycle) the sample is rubbed. The number ofstrokes desired is preset on the Sutherland
9、 Timer. The weight ismounted on the Sutherland and the machine is turned on. TheSutherland will shut off automatically when the desired numberof strokes is completed.4.2 The test specimen is removed from the Sutherland baseand examined for degree of print degradation. The receptor isanalyzed for the
10、 amount of ink transferred from the specimen.Results are compared to an agreed upon standard sample testedin the identical fashion.5. Significance and Use5.1 Abrasion resistance is a desirable and sometimes criticalproperty of printed materials. Abrasion damage can occurduring shipment, storage, han
11、dling, and end use. The result isa significant decrease in product appearance and legibility ofproduct information. The amount of abrasion damage to aprinted substrate is dependent on shipping conditions, possiblytemperature and humidity, time, and many other variables. Thispractice provides a way o
12、f comparing abrasion resistance ofprinted materials under laboratory conditions.5.2 This practice also can be used to evaluate the relativeabrasion resistance of printed inks, coatings, laminates, andsubstrates.5.3 This practice can be modified to measure the effects ofthe product (detergent powder,
13、 food, beverages, etc.) onabrasion resistance, as may occur in spillage or leakage intransit.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM D-10 on Packaging and is thedirect responsibility of Subcommittee D10.14 on Tapes and Labels.Current edition approved July 10, 1998. Published January 1999. O
14、riginallypublished as D 526492. Last previous edition D 526492.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM websit
15、e.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.4 This practice can provide a reasonably simple procedurethat can be used by both the buyer and the seller of printedmaterials to determine if the product offered for sale meetssome
16、 predetermined standard for abrasion or scuff resistance.6. Apparatus6.1 Sutherland Rub Tester,3or its equivalent. See Fig. 1 fora photograph of the Sutherland Tester and its attachments.7. Materials7.1 Standard receptors cut to fit the Sutherland ReceptorBlock 51 by 178 mm (2 by 7 in.). The recepto
17、r is then creased,using the scoring block that comes with the Sutherland RubTester. If not available, the receptor can be cut to 51 by 102 mm(2 by 4 in.) and fastened with pressure-sensitive tape outsidethe test area. An appropriate receptor from the following listshould be selected in accordance wi
18、th 8.2:7.1.1 Unprinted Sheet of Substrate,7.1.2 Printed Sheet Identical to Substrate (face-to-face),7.1.3 Pressure-sensitive tape or any tape suitable for holdingthe sample without interfering with the operation of the tester.8. Preparation of Apparatus8.1 Set the Sutherland Rub Tester on a sturdy b
19、ench,preferably in a room conditioned at 23 6 1C (73.4 6 2F) and50 6 2 % relative humidity, as described in Practice D 4332.8.2 If test criteria have not been specified, select an appro-priate receptor by running an agreed-upon reference materialfor the number of strokes required to achieve a visibl
20、e level ofdegradation.NOTE 1An excessively high number of strokes should be avoidedbecause this condition can generate heat which may alter the results.9. Specimen Preparation and Conditioning9.1 The specimen should preferably be a flat sample with noscoring, ridges, or other surface irregularities.
21、 Further, intesting multiple samples, it is important that each has compa-rable, if not identical, ink coverage and ink density.9.2 Cut the specimen 76 by 152 mm (3 by 6 in.) wheneverpossible. Smaller samples may be tested as long as they aremounted to a 76 by 152-mm (3 by 6-in.) template. (Smallers
22、amples such as 20-mm (0.79-in.) round die-cut labels may notgive the same results as a full-size sheet 76 by 152 mm (3 by6 in.).9.2.1 The machine direction of the sample should be paral-lel to the 76-mm (3-in.) width. The intent of this test method isto rub across the machine direction.9.2.2 Care sh
23、ould be taken to avoid contaminating thesample with fingerprints during handling.9.3 Condition the specimen at 23 6 1C (73.46 2F) and 506 2 % relative humidity, as described in Practice D 4332,unless otherwise agreed upon.10. Procedure10.1 Mount a 76 by 152-mm (3 by 6-in.) rubber pad3bothon top of t
24、he Sutherland base as well as to the bottom face ofthe detectable receptor block.NOTE 2This pad will need periodic replacing as the rubber becomesbrittle due to oxidation or if the rubber wears off the pad. This periodicreplacing is also true of the pads that come with the Sutherland receptorblock.
25、Failure to replace worn pads could result in distorted test results.The pad face should be uniformly flat (level) with a Shore A durometer of15 6 5.10.2 Mount the receptor to the rubber pad of the receptorblock with pressure sensitive tape, outside the test area only ifusing the 51 by 102-mm (2 by 4
26、in.) receptor.10.3 Attach the test specimen to the rubber pad on theSutherland base with the test surface face exposed.NOTE 3The choice of receptor block is based on the type of substratebeing tested. The heavier block, 1.82 kg (4.0 lb), is appropriate forsamples that experience severe shipping and
27、 handling conditions.10.4 Attach the receptor to the receptor block. The 51 by178-mm (2 by 5-in.) receptor is held in place by the clamps onthe sides of the block, while the 51 by 102-mm (2 by 4-in.)receptor is held in place by the pressure-sensitive tape.3Available from James River Corp., Mechanica
28、l Services Dept., 243 E. PatersonStreet, Kalamazoo, MI 49007.FIG. 1 Sutherland Rub Tester and AttachmentsD 5264 98 (2004)210.5 Lightly brush the sample and receptor with a camelshair anti-static brush to remove any potentially abrasiveparticles from the surface.10.6 Place the receptor block in the r
29、eceptor block holder.10.7 Preset the dial on the Sutherland Rub Tester to thedesired number of strokes.10.8 Turn the Sutherland on. It will automatically shut offwhen the preset number of strokes has been completed.10.9 Repeat 10.1 through 10.8 with each test specimen.10.10 Repeat 10.1 through 10.8
30、with the reference standard.11. Evaluation11.1 Examine each specimen for degree of degradation andeach receptor for the amount of material transferred from theprint.11.2 Report test conditions and results for abrasion usingpredetermined criteria established by the interested parties.12. Keywords12.1
31、 abrasion; bar codes; inserts; labels; printed matter;printing; printing inks; rub; SutherlandASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinat
32、ion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withd
33、rawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your
34、 comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5264 98 (2004)3
