1、Designation: D 5286 01 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Methods forDetermination of Transfer Efficiency Under GeneralProduction Conditions for Spray Application of Paints1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5286; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year ofo
2、riginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of thetransfer e
3、fficiency of spray-applied coatings under generalplant conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solidsdeposited to the total paint solids used during the applicationprocess, expressed as a percent.1.2 The transfer efficiency is calculated from the weight orvolume of the paint solids spr
4、ayed and that of the paint solidsdeposited on the painted part.1.3 Limitations include the ability to accurately determinethe amount of paint solids deposited on the part and thecapability of accurate measurement of the amount of paintsprayed.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as t
5、hestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.NOTE 1These test methods apply to general plant production equip-ment and procedures. A method specific to automotive plants is defined inTest Method D 5066.NOTE 2The relationship between volatile organic compound emis-sion rates an
6、d transfer efficiency in automobile and light duty trucktopcoat operations, EPA 450/3-88-018, referenced in Test Method D 5066does not apply to general production facilities.NOTE 3A single-point transfer efficiency measurement may notrepresent the entire process.NOTE 4The operator and the spray-appl
7、ication equipment-operatingconditions during the transfer efficiency measurement should be represen-tative of normal operating conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to
8、establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazardstatements see Section 7, and 10.3.1.NOTE 5These test methods have not been adopted by federal regula-tory agencies for demonstration of compliance with air
9、pollution regula-tions such as VOC, HAPS, etc.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings using MicrometersD 1186 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied toa Ferrous B
10、aseD 1200 Test Method for Viscosity by Ford Viscosity CupD 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement ofDry Film Thickness of Nonconductive CoatingsApplied toa Nonferrous Metal BaseD 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 2369 Test Method for Volatile Conten
11、t of CoatingsD 2697 Test Method for Volume Nonvolatile Content inClear or Pigmented CoatingsD 3925 Practice for Sampling Liquid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD 5066 Test Method for Determination of the TransferEfficiency Under Production Conditions for Spray Appli-cation of Automotive PaintsWe
12、ight Basis2.2 U.S. Government Standards:EPA 450/3-88-018, U.S. Environmental Protection AgencyProtocol for Determining the Daily Volatile OrganicCompound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light DutyTruck Topcoat Operations3EPA Federal Reference Method 24Determination ofVolatile Matter Content, Water C
13、ontent, Density, VolumeSolids, and Weight Solids of Surface Coatings. 40 Code ofFederal Regulations, Part 60, Appendix A.32.3 National Fire Protection Documents:1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the
14、directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.55 on Factory Applied Coatings on PreformedProducts.Current edition approved May 15, 2005. Published July 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 5286 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
15、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington,
16、DC 20401.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.NFPA 33 Spray Application Using Flammable and Com-bustible Materials4NFPA 86 Standard for Ovens and Furnaces43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.
17、1.1 paint, nthe liquid material applied to coat or coverthe surface of the part.3.1.2 transfer effciency (volume), nthe ratio of the vol-ume of paint solids deposited to the volume of the paint solidssprayed, expressed as a percent.3.1.3 transfer effciency (weight), nthe ratio of the weightof paint
18、solids deposited to the weight of the paint solidssprayed, expressed as a percent.3.1.4 volume of paint solids, nthe difference in the vol-ume of the paint solids on the part before painting and thevolume of the paint solids on the part after painting.3.1.5 volume percent solids, nthe solids content
19、 as percentof the total volume of a sample of paint used.3.1.6 weight of paint solids, nthe difference in the weightof the part before painting and the weight of the part afterpainting and baking.4. Summary of Test Methods4.1 The weight of liquid paint used per part is determined(Procedure A). The w
20、eight solids content of the paint materialis determined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed.The transfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the weight ofthe paint solids deposited by the weight of the paint solidssprayed.4.2 The volume of paint solids used per part is determined(Procedu
21、re B). The volume solids of the paint material isdetermined and used to calculate the paint solids sprayed. Thetransfer efficiency is calculated by dividing the volume of thepaint solids deposited by the volume of the paint solidssprayed.5. Significance and Use5.1 Subject to the limitations listed i
22、n 1.3, these test meth-ods can be used to optimize paint application processes.6. Apparatus6.1 Laboratory Scale, accurate to 60.001 g.6.2 Tension Load Cells or Comparable Platform Scales,accurate to 60.02 mg (0.05 lb).6.3 Film Thickness Gage, see Test Methods D 1005,D 1186, and D 1400 for type of fi
23、lm thickness measurement ofdevice.6.4 Targets, consisting of the parts to be coated.Aminimumof two targets is required. The larger the number of targets, thegreater the accuracy of the test.6.5 Rule and Calipers, for measuring the diameter of thepaint supply tank or pot, tank agitator shaft, etc.6.6
24、 Sample Containers, clean, dry, for sampling the paintmaterial.7. Hazards7.1 For specific hazard information and guidance, consultthe suppliers Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for thematerials used.8. Paint Usage Measurement Procedures8.1 Transfer efficiency measurement requires that accuratemeasu
25、rement be made of the quantity of paint material used inthe application process during the time period associated withthe coating of the parts. Two general methods are applicable foraccurately measuring paint usage.8.1.1 The preferred method is to determine the weight ofpaint used during the applica
26、tion period studied.8.1.2 Where direct paint usage measurement by weight isnot practical, an alternative approach for determining paintusage by volume is given. The latter approach involvesmeasuring the drop in paint level in the paint supply tank (pot)during the application period studied.8.1.3 Whe
27、re paint meter/mix equipment is used to directlyfeed paint application equipment, paint-component meter read-ings shall be deemed reliable when the meter is properlycalibrated in accordance with the equipment manufacturerscalibration instructions or local calibration procedures.9. Paint Usage Determ
28、ination by Weight ProcedureProcedure A9.1 Level and calibrate the weighing device for weighingthe paint supply tank (pot).9.2 If an electronic weighing device is used, it must beturned on long enough to achieve stability, following themanufacturers directions. All weighing devices must be situ-ated
29、to minimize disturbance from vibration or air movement.9.3 Introduce the material reduced to spray viscosity, intothe supply tank (pot) to be weighed. Before the test isconducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that allsupply and return lines are filled with the paint, and that noleak
30、s are present in the piping system.9.4 Shut off the paint supply tank (pot) agitator to minimizevibration during the weighing process.9.5 Weigh the paint supply tank (pot) before the test partsare run. Weigh the tank until two consecutive measurementsare obtained within the measurement accuracy of t
31、he weighingdevice. Average the two readings and record, Pi.9.6 After painting the test parts, reweigh the paint supplytank (pot) as in 9.5 and record, Pf.Paint Deposited Determination by Weight Measurement Method,Procedure A9.7 Set up the paint supply equipment to the spray apparatusin accordance wi
32、th the manufacturers instructions.9.8 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the sprayarea, in accordance with Chapter 9.11 of NFPA 33. Except forthose objects required by the process to be at high voltage.9.9 Prior to running the test, agitate the test paint in a paintsupply tank (pot) at le
33、ast 30 min before paint samples aretaken.9.10 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab samplefrom the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with PracticeD 3925.4Available from National Fire Protection Assn., Battery March, Quincy, MA02269.D 5286 01 (2005)29.11 Determine and record the followin
34、g from the paintsample:9.11.1 Paint viscosity in accordance with Test MethodD 1200,9.11.2 Weight percent solids in accordance with TestMethod D 2369. If the baking temperature in Test MethodD 2369 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommendedcure schedule, and9.11.3 Electrical resistivity for sam
35、ples applied electrostati-cally.9.12 Number each part, before weighing, using a permanentmarking pen.9.13 Weigh each part and record the uncoated weight, Wiand the part number.9.14 Attach the preweighed, labeled parts to the part holder.9.15 If electrostatic equipment is used, the resistance shallbe
36、 less than 1 3 106V between the target and earth ground inaccordance with Chapter 9.8 of NFPA 33.9.16 Adjust the following equipment operating parameters,as appropriate, to the values desired for testing:9.16.1 Paint fluid pressure, at spray gun, psi (kPa),9.16.2 Atomizing air pressure, at spray gun
37、, psi (kPa),9.16.3 Rotating atomizer head speed (revolutions perminute) with and without paint fluid flow,9.16.4 Operating voltage (kilovolts) if electrostatic equip-ment is used,9.16.5 Ambient air temperature, Fahrenheit (Celsius).9.16.6 Paint fluid temperature, Fahrenheit (Celsius) and9.16.7 Relat
38、ive humidity (percent).9.17 For electrostatic spray equipment, measure the operat-ing voltage and adjust it according to the manufacturersinstructions.9.18 Run a control part weighing before, Wciand after, Wcfthe drying step. Do not apply paint to the control part. Thecontrol part is used to determi
39、ne if there is any weight lossfrom miscellaneous materials that may occur in the drying step.9.19 Turn on the paint spray equipment. Maintain a uniformpaint flow during the test.9.20 Turn off the paint spray equipment when the requirednumber of parts have been painted.9.21 Bake the painted parts per
40、 the manufacturers recom-mended cure schedule.9.22 Allow the parts to cool to room temperature prior toweighing. Weighings should be repeated until the two weightsare within the accuracy of the measuring equipment.9.23 Record the weights for the coated parts, Wf.10. Paint Usage Determination by Volu
41、me ProcedureProcedure B10.1 Measure the inside diameter of the paint supply tank(pot) and calculate the cross sectional area of the tank. If anyobjects are in the measurement zone such as agitator shafts, fillpipes, etc, the cross sectional area of these objects must bedetermined and the values subt
42、racted from the cross sectionalarea of the tank. The difference is the net cross sectional area.10.2 Introduce the material, reduced to spray viscosity, intothe supply tank (pot) to be measured. Before the test isconducted, be certain that fluid flows are properly set, that allsupply and return line
43、s are filled with the paint, and that noleaks are present in the piping system.10.3 Record the paint supply tank (pot) levels before andafter the test. Take the initial reading just prior to painting thefirst test part. Take the final reading just after the last part hasbeen painted. Make sure that
44、the measurements are taken to thenearest116 in. with a measuring stick. Measurements are madefrom the top of the paint supply tank (pot) to the top of theliquid level. The top of the paint supply tank (pot) is deter-mined by laying a straightedge across the top of the paintsupply tank (pot) in the s
45、ame position for each measurement.The volume of any objects in the measurement zone such asagitator shafts, fill pipes, etc. must be subtracted from the totalvolume. Calculate the volume of paint used, V by multiplyingthis difference in liquid levels, before and after the test by thenet cross sectio
46、nal area determined in 10.1.10.3.1 Warning: Measuring devices used in this proceduremust be effectively grounded before contacting the paintsupply tank (pot) or the liquid surface of the paint.Paint Deposited Determination by Volume Measurement Method,Procedure B10.4 Set up the paint supply equipmen
47、t to the spray appa-ratus in accordance with the manufacturers instructions.10.5 Ground all electrically conductive objects in the sprayarea, except those objects required by the process to be at highvoltage in accordance with Chapter 9 to 11 of NFPA 33.10.6 Prior to running the test, agitate the te
48、st paint in a paintsupply tank (pot) at least 30 min before paint samples aretaken.10.7 Using an airtight container, take a paint grab samplefrom the paint supply tank (pot) in accordance with PracticeD 3925.10.8 Determine and record the following from the paintsample:10.8.1 Paint viscosity in accor
49、dance with Test MethodD 1200,10.8.2 Volume percent solids in accordance with TestMethod D 2697. If the baking temperature in Test MethodD 2697 is inadequate, use the manufacturers recommendedcure schedule, and10.8.3 Electrical resistivity for samples applied electrostati-cally.10.9 Number each part using a permanent marking pen.10.10 Measure and record the surface area, Apand thenumber of each part.10.11 Attach the numbered parts to the part holder.10.12 If electrostatic equipment is being used, the resistanceshall be less than 1 3 106V between the targ
