1、Designation: D5299 99 (Reapproved 2012)1D5299/D5299M 17Standard Guide forDecommissioning of Groundwater Wells, Vadose ZoneMonitoring Devices, Boreholes, and Other Devices forEnvironmental Activities1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5299;D5299/D5299M; the number immediately follow
2、ing the designation indicatesthe year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1 NOTEEditorial changes were m
3、ade throughout in February 2012.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This guide covers procedures that are specifically related to permanent decommissioning (closure) of the following asapplied to environmental activities. It is intended for use where solid or hazardous materials or wastes are found, or whereconditio
4、ns occur requiring the need for decommissioning. The following devices are considered in this guide:1.1.1 A borehole used for geoenvironmental purposes (see Note 1),1.1.2 Monitoring wells,1.1.3 Observation wells,1.1.4 Injection wells (see Note 2),1.1.5 Piezometers,1.1.6 Wells used for the extraction
5、 of contaminated groundwater, the removal of floating or submerged materials other thanwater such as gasoline or tetrachloroethylene, or other devices used for the extraction of soil gas,1.1.7 A borehole used to construct a monitoring well, and1.1.8 Any other well or boring that houses a vadose zone
6、 monitoring device.1.2 Temporary decommissioning of the above is not covered in this guide.NOTE 1This guide may be used to decommission boreholes where no contamination is observed at a site (see Practice D420 for details); however,the primary use of the guide is to decommission boreholes and wells
7、where solid or hazardous waste have been identified. Methods identified in this guidecan also be used in other situations such as the decommissioning of water supply wells and boreholes where water contaminated with nonhazardouspollutants (such as nitrates or sulfates) are present. This guide should
8、 be consulted in the event that a routine geotechnical investigation indicates thepresence of contamination at a site.NOTE 2The term “well” is used in this guide to denote monitoring wells, piezometers, or other devices constructed in a manner similar to a well.Some of the devices listed such as inj
9、ection and extraction wells can be decommissioned using this guide for information, but are not specifically coveredin the text.NOTE 3Details on the decommissioning of multiple-screened wells are not provided in this guide due to the many methods used to construct thesetypes of wells and the numerou
10、s types of commercially available multiple-screened well systems. However, in some instances, the methods presentedin this guide may be used with few changes. An example of how this guide may be used is the complete removal of the multiple-screened wells byoverdrilling.NOTE 1This guide may be used t
11、o decommission boreholes where no contamination is observed at a site (see Practice D420 for details); however,the primary use of the guide is to decommission boreholes and wells where solid or hazardous waste have been identified. Methods identified in this guidecan also be used in other situations
12、 such as the decommissioning of water supply wells and boreholes where water contaminated with nonhazardouspollutants (such as nitrates or sulfates) are present. This guide should be consulted in the event that a routine geotechnical study indicates the presenceof contamination at a site. Consult an
13、d follow national, state, or local regulations as they may control required decommissioning procedures.NOTE 2The term “well” is used in this guide to denote monitoring wells, piezometers, or other devices constructed in a manner similar to a well.Some of the devices listed such as injection and extr
14、action wells can be decommissioned using this guide for information, but are not specifically coveredin the text.NOTE 3Details on the decommissioning of multiple-screened wells are not provided in this guide due to the many methods used to construct thesetypes of wells and the numerous types of comm
15、ercially available multiple-screened well systems. However, in some instances, the methods presentedin this guide may be used with few changes. An example of how this guide may be used is the complete removal of the multiple-screened wells byoverdrilling.1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of AST
16、M Committee D18 on Soil and Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater and VadoseZone Investigations.Current edition approved Feb. 15, 2012Dec. 15, 2017. Published December 2012January 2018. Originally approved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 20052012as D5
17、299 99(2005).(2012)1. DOI: 10.1520/D5299-99R12E01.10.1520/D5299_D5299M-17.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately d
18、epict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM Internat
19、ional, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.3 Most monitoring wells and piezometers are intended primarily for water quality sampling, water level observation, or soilgas sampling, or combination thereof, to determine quality. Many wells are relativel
20、y small in diameter typically 2.5 to 20 cm 1to 8 in. and are used to monitor for hazardous chemicals in groundwater. Decommissioning of monitoring wells is necessary to:1.3.1 Eliminate the possibility that the well is used for purposes other than intended,1.3.2 Prevent migration of contaminants into
21、 an aquifer or between aquifers,1.3.3 Prevent migration of contaminants in the vadose zone,1.3.4 Reduce the potential for vertical or horizontal migration of fluids in the well or adjacent to the well, and1.3.5 Remove the well from active use when the well is no longer capable of rehabilitation, or
22、has failed structurally; is nolonger requiredneeded for monitoring; is no longer capable of providing representative samples or is providing unreliable samples;oris required to be decommissioned; or to meet regulatory requirements.NOTE 4The determination of whether a well is providing a representati
23、ve water quality sample is not defined in this guide. Examples of when arepresentative water quality sample may not be collected include the biological or chemical clogging of well screens, a drop in water level to below thebase of the well screen, or complete silting of a tail pipe. the screen. The
24、se conditions may indicate that a well is not functioning properly.correctly.1.4 This guide is intended to provide information for effective permanent closure of wells so that the physical structure of thewell does not provide a means of hydraulic communication between aquifers aquifers, with above
25、surfaces, or react chemicallyin a detrimental way with the environment.1.5 The intent of this guide is to provide procedures that when followed result in a reasonable level of confidence in the integrityof the decommissioning activity. However, it may not be possiblepracticable to verify the integri
26、ty of the decommissioningprocedure. At this time, methods are not available to substantially determine the integrity of the decommissioning activity.1.6 This guide may also be used for closure or decommissioning of other systems that could allow vertical or horizontalmigration of contaminants or oth
27、er cross-contamination of aquifers, or when ordered by regulatory agencies.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units (given in brackets) are to be regarded separately as thestandard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.values stated in each system may n
28、ot be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result innon-conformance with the standard.1.8 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Prac
29、ticeD6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
30、determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific courseof action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with profe
31、ssional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replacethe standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be appliedwithout consideration of a pr
32、ojects many unique aspects. The word“ Standard” in the title of this document means only that thedocument has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.NOTE 5If state and local regulations are in effect where the decommissioning is to occur, the regulations take precedence over this guide.1.1
33、1 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trad
34、e (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C150 Specification for Portland CementD420 Guide to Site Characterization for Engineering Design and Construction Purposes (Withdrawn 2011)3D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)3D653 Terminology Relating to
35、Soil, Rock, and Contained FluidsD2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System)D2488 Practice for Description and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedures)D3740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing and/or
36、Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used inEngineering Design and ConstructionD4380 Test Method for Density of Bentonitic Slurries2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, r
37、efer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D5299/D5299M 172D5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field Equipment Used at Waste SitesD5092 Practice for Design and Installation of Groundwater Mon
38、itoring WellsD5434 Guide for Field Logging of Subsurface Explorations of Soil and RockD5608 Practices for Decontamination of Sampling and Non Sample Contacting Equipment Used at Low Level RadioactiveWaste SitesD5753 Guide for Planning and Conducting Borehole Geophysical LoggingD5781 Guide for Use of
39、 Dual-Wall Reverse-Circulation Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5782 Guide for Use of Direct Air-Rotary Drilling for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5784 Guide
40、for Use of Hollow-Stem Augers for Geoenvironmental Exploration and the Installation of SubsurfaceWater-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5872 Guide for Use of Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5875 Guide for U
41、se of Cable-Tool Drilling and Sampling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration and Installation ofSubsurface Water-Quality Monitoring DevicesD5876 Guide for Use of Direct Rotary Wireline Casing Advancement Drilling Methods for Geoenvironmental Exploration andInstallation of Subsurface Water-Quality
42、 Monitoring DevicesD5978 Guide for Maintenance and Rehabilitation of Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical DataD6151 Practice for Using Hollow-Stem Augers for Geotechnical Exploration and Soil SamplingD6167 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical L
43、ogging: Mechanical CaliperD6274 Guide for Conducting Borehole Geophysical Logging - GammaD6282 Guide for Direct Push Soil Sampling for Environmental Site CharacterizationsD6286 Guide for Selection of Drilling Methods for Environmental Site CharacterizationD6724 Guide for Installation of Direct Push
44、Groundwater Monitoring WellsD6725 Practice for Direct Push Installation of Prepacked Screen Monitoring Wells in Unconsolidated AquifersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test SievesF480 Specification for Thermoplastic Well Casing Pipe and Couplings Made in Standard Dimension Ratio
45、s (SDR), SCH 40 andSCH 803. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Sta
46、ndard:3.2.1 abandonmentsee decommissioning.3.2.2 attapulgite claya chain-lattice clay mineral. The term also applies to a group of clay minerals that are lightweight, tough,matted, and fibrous.3.2.3 borehole television loga borehole or well video record produced by lowering a television camera into
47、the borehole orwell. This record is useful in visually observing downhole conditions such as collapsed casing or a blocked screen.3.2.1 blowoutblowout, nin drilling, a sudden or violent uncontrolled escape of fluids or gas, or both, from a borehole.3.2.2 caliper loglog, nin drilling, a geophysical b
48、orehole log that shows to scale the variations with depth in the meandiameter of a cased or uncased borehole.3.2.6 cement, API, Class Aa cement intended for use from the surface to a depth of 6000 ft (1828 m). This cement is similarto ASTM Type I cement.3.2.7 cement, API, Class Ba cement intended fo
49、r use from the surface to a depth of 6000 ft (1828 m) when conditions requiremoderate- to high-sulfate resistance. This cement is similar to ASTM Type II cement.3.2.8 cement, API, Class Cthis cement is intended for use from the surface to a depth of 6000 ft (1828 m) when conditionsrequire high early strength. This cement is similar to ASTM Type III cement. Also available as a high sulfate resistant type.3.2.9 cement, API, Class Gthis cement is intended for use from the surface to a depth of 8000 ft (2438 m). It can be used withaccelerators or retarders t
