1、Designation: D 5324 03Standard Guide forTesting Water-Borne Architectural Coatings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5324; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection and use of proceduresfor testing water-borne coatings to be used on exterior, interioror both types of surfaces (
3、Note 1). The properties that can beexamined or, in some cases, the relevant test procedures arelisted in Table 1 and Table 2.NOTE 1The term “architectural coating” as used here combines thedefinition in Terminology D 16 with that in the FSCT Paint/CoatingsDictionary2, as follows: “Organic coatings i
4、ntended for on-site applicationto interior or exterior surfaces of residential, commercial, institutional, orindustrial buildings, in contrast to industrial coatings. They are protectiveand decorative finishes applied at ambient temperatures. Often calledTrade Sales Coatings.”NOTE 2Architectural coa
5、tings that are designed to give better perfor-mance than most conventional coatings because they are tougher and morestain and abrasion resistant are covered by Guide D 3730.1.2 The types of organic coatings covered by this guide areas follows:(1) Type 1 Interior Latex Flat Wall Paints,(2) Type 2 Ex
6、terior Latex House Paints,(3) Type 3 Water-Borne Floor Paints, and(4) Type 4 Interior Latex Semigloss and Gloss Paints.1.2.1 Each is intended for application by brushing, rolling,spraying or other means to the material appropriate for its type,which may include plaster, masonry, wallboard, wood, ste
7、el,previously painted surfaces, and other architectural substrates.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It
8、 is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D 16 Terminology for Paint, Related Coatings, Materialsand ApplicationsD 185 Tes
9、t Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,Pastes, and PaintsD 215 Practice for the Chemical Analysis of White LinseedOil PaintsD 344 Test Methods for Relative Hiding Power of Paints bythe Visual Evaluation of BrushoutsD 358 Specification for Wood to be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD
10、 522 Test Methods for Mandrel Bend Test of AttachedOrganic CoatingsD 523 Test Method for Specular GlossD 562 Test Method for Consistency of Paints MeasuringKrebs Unit (KU) Viscosity Using a Stormer-Type Viscom-eterD 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking ofExterior PaintsD 661 Test Method
11、 for Evaluating Degree of Cracking ofExterior PaintsD 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion ofExterior PaintsD 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal-ing) of Exterior PaintsD 869 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Settling ofPaintD 968 Test Methods for Abrasion Resistanc
12、e of OrganicCoatings by Falling AbrasiveD 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on WoodD 1014 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on SteelD 1210 Test Method for Fineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems by Hegman-Type Gage1This guide is under the
13、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1992. Last previous edition approved in 1
14、998 as D 5324 98.2Available from the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, 492Norristown Rd., Blue Bell, PA 19422.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,
15、refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D 1296 Test Method for Odor of Volatile Solvents andDiluentsD 1308 Test Method for Effect of Household Chemicals onClear
16、and Pigmented Organic FinishesD 1475 Test Method for Density of Liquid Coatings, Inks,and Related ProductsD 1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber andParticle Panel MaterialsD 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma-tion of Organic Coatings at Room TemperatureD 1729 Practice for Vi
17、sual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD 1849 Test Method for Package Stability of PaintD 2064 Test Method for Print Resistance of ArchitecturalPaintsD 2196 Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational (Brookfield Ty
18、pe)ViscometerD 2197 Test Method for Adhesion of Organic Coatings byScrape AdhesionD 2243 Test Method for Freeze-Thaw Resistance of Water-Borne CoatingsD 2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Differences fromInstrumentally Measured Color CoordinatesD 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
19、D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of OrganicCoatingsD 2486 Test Methods for Scrub Resistance of Flat WallPaintsD 2574 Test Method for Resistance of Emulsion Paints inthe Container to Attack by MicroorganismsD 2805 Test Method for Hiding Power of Paints by Reflec-tometryD 3168 Practice for Qu
20、alitative Identification of Polymersin Emulsion PaintsD 3258 Test Method for Porosity of Paint FilmsD 3273 Test Method for Resistance to Growth of Mold onthe Surface of Interior Coatings in an EnvironmentalChamberD 3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD 3450 Test Method for Washabili
21、ty Properties of InteriorArchitectural CoatingsD 3456 Practice for Determining by Exterior ExposureTests the Susceptibility of Paint Films to MicrobiologicalAttackD 3719 Test Method for Quantifying Dirt Collection onCoated Exterior PanelsD 3723 Test Method for Pigment Content of Water Emul-sion Pain
22、ts by Low-Temperature AshingD 3730 Guide for Testing High-Performance Interior Archi-tectural Wall CoatingsD 3792 Test Method for Water Content of Coatings byDirect Injection into a Gas ChromatographD 3793 Test Method for Low-Temperature Coalescence ofLatex Paint FilmsD 3925 Practice for Sampling Li
23、quid Paints and RelatedPigmented CoatingsD 3928 Test Method for Evaluation of Gloss or SheenUniformityD 3960 Practice for Determining Volatile Organic Com-pound (VOC) Content of Paints and Related CoatingsD 4017 Test Method for Water in Paints and Paint Materialsby Karl Fischer MethodD 4060 Test Met
24、hod for Abrasion Resistance of OrganicCoatings by the Taber AbraserD 4062 Test Method for Leveling of Paints by Draw-DownMethodD 4213 Test Method for Scrub Resistance of Paints byAbrasion Weight LossD 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalk-ing of Exterior Paint FilmsD 4287 Test Method
25、for High-Shear Viscosity Using aCone/Plate ViscometerD 4400 Test Methods for Sag Resistance of Paints Using aMultinotch ApplicatorD 4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of CoatingsUsing Controlled CondensationD 4707 Test Method for Measuring Paint Spatter ResistanceDuring Roller ApplicationD 4
26、828 Test Methods for Practical Washability of OrganicCoatingsD 4946 Test Method for Blocking Resistance of Architec-tural PaintsD 4958 Test Method for Comparison of the Brush Drag ofLatex PaintsD 5068 Practice for Preparation of Paint Brushes for Evalu-ationD 5069 Practice for Preparation of Paint-R
27、oller Covers forEvaluationD 5179 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion of OrganicCoatings to Plastic Substrates by Direct Tensile TestingD 5895 Test Methods for Evaluating Drying or CuringDuring Film Formation of Organic Coatings Using Me-chanical RecordersD 6037 Test Methods for Dry Abrasion Mar Resis
28、tance ofHigh Gloss CoatingsE 70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE 105 Practice for Probability Sampling of MaterialsE 1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Mea-surement of Tristimulus (Filter) Colorimetry2.2 U.S. Federal Test Method Standard No. 141D:42131 Ap
29、plication of Sprayed Films3011 Condition in Container4541 Working Properties and Appearance of Dried Film6301 Wet Adhesion (Tape Test)3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms in this guide refer to Terminol-ogy D 16 and D 1554.4. Conditions Affecting Water-Reducible Coatings4.1 Interior and Exteri
30、or Coatings:4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098D53240324.1.1 Substrate TypeThe substrate to be painted can affectnot only the application properties of a coating, such as glossand uniformity, but is also a fac
31、tor in determining the type ofcoating to use. For instance, a primer-sealer may be requiredfor porous substrates, such as new drywall, bare plaster, newwood or porous masonry. Other factors are the type and qualityof metal, wood or wood composite (plywood, particle board orhardboard), the type, qual
32、ity and alkalinity of concrete, plasterand joint cement systems, and the type and condition of anyprevious coatings.4.1.2 Substrate ConditionsConditions such as porosityand hardness determine the kind of coating that can be applied.The condition of previously painted substrates, such as degreeof cha
33、lk, presence of grease, dirt, mold, and water-soluble oroily contaminants, film adhesion and porosity, all influence theperformance of coatings. Smoothness of the substrate affectsthe spreading rate, final appearance, and texture.4.1.3 Preparation of previously painted substrates, includingcleaning,
34、 solvent cleaning, and sanding.4.1.4 Type and quality of primer or undercoat and time ofdrying before topcoating.4.1.5 The application properties, even of interior water-reducible coatings, are affected by temperature and humidity atthe time of application and during drying. As these materialscontai
35、n water, surfaces do not have to be completely dry beforeapplication. However, low temperature during drying maycause poor film formation.4.2 Exterior Finishes:4.2.1 Substrate WeatheringWeathering of wood beforepainting will probably adversely affect the performance ofexterior coatings. Some weather
36、ing of masonry surfaces mayhave beneficial effects on the performance.4.2.2 Substrate Aspects of the Building If constructiondefects or defects due to age are such that excessive moisturefrom the inside or the outside makes its way through thesubstrate or if the substrate is in direct contact with d
37、ampground, blistering, flaking or peeling may result.4.2.3 Environmental conditions after application, both gen-eral for the area and specific, such as under eaves, behindshrubbery, northside and southside exposure.TABLE 1 List of Standards in Sectional OrderProperty (or related test) SectionASTMSta
38、ndardFederal Test MethodStandard 141DSampling 6.2 D 3925Liquid Coating PropertiesCondition in container 7.1 3011Coarse particles and foreign matter 7.2 D 185Density or weight per gallon 7.3 D 1475Fineness of dispersion 7.4 D 1210Odor 7.5 D 1296Colorant acceptance 7.6pH 7.7 E 70Package stability 7.8H
39、eat stability 7.8.1 D 1849Freeze-thaw stability 7.8.2 D 2243Settling 7.8.3 D 869Microorganism resistance 7.8.4 D 2574, D 3273Coating Application and Film FormationApplication properties 8.1Brush application 8.1.1 D 5068Brush drag 8.1.1.1 D 4958Roller application 8.1.2 2112Roller spatter 8.1.2.1 D 47
40、07Spray application 8.1.3 2131Touch-up uniformity 8.2 D 3928Low-temperature coalescence 8.3 D 3793Rheological properties 8.4Consistency (Low-shear viscosity) 8.4.1 D 562Rheological properties of non-Newtonian materials 8.4.2 D 2196, D 4287Sag resistance 8.4.3 D 4400 4494Levelling properties 8.4.4 D
41、4062Drying properties 8.5 D 1640, D 5895Appearance of Dry FilmColor difference 9.1 . . .Color appearance 9.1.1Color differences by visual comparison 9.1.2 D 1729Color differences using instrumental measurements 9.1.3 D 2244Directional reflectance 9.2 E 1347Gloss 9.3 .Gloss, 60 9.3.1 D 523Sheen (85 g
42、loss) 9.3.2 D 523Hiding power 9.4 D 344, D 2805Properties of Dry FilmInterior and Exterior Coatings 10.1Abrasion resistance 10.1.1 D 968, D 4060, D 6037 6192Adhesion 10.1.2 D 2197, D 3359, D 5179D5324033TABLE 1 ContinuedProperty (or related test) SectionASTMStandardFederal Test MethodStandard 141DWe
43、t adhesion 10.1.3 6301Flexibility 10.1.4 D 522, D 2370 6221AResistance to household chemicals 10.1.5 D 1308Efflorescence from the film 10.1.6Efflorescence from the substrate 10.1.7Interior Finishes 10.2Block resistance 10.2.1 D 4946Print resistance 10.2.2 D 2064Film porosity 10.2.3 DWashability and
44、cleansability 10.2.4Washability 10.2.4.1 D 2486, D 4213Cleansability 10.2.4.2 D 3450, D 4828 6141BExterior Coatings 10.3Adhesion to chalky surfaces 10.3.1 6301Dirt pick-up 10.3.2 D 3719Fume resistance 10.3.3 .Fume resistance test 10.3.3.1Blister resistance 10.3.4 D 4585Exposure resistance 10.3.5 D 1
45、006, D 1014Chalking 10.3.5.2 D 4214Checking 10.3.5.3 D 660Cracking 10.3.5.4 D 661Erosion 10.3.5.5 D 662Flaking 10.3.5.6 D 772Fade resistance 10.3.5.8 D 2244Stain resistance 10.3.6Coating AnalysisChemical analysis 11.1 D 215Volatile content 11.2 D 2369Volatile organic content 11.3 D 3960Water content
46、 11.4 D 3792, D 4017Pigment content 11.5 D 3723Pigment analysis 11.6 D 215 7261Nonvolatile vehicle identification 11.7 D 3168AEquivalent only to Method B of Test Method D 522.BExcept for scrub medium.5. Selection of Tests5.1 Because the conditions to which a coating is subjectedvary with (a) the sur
47、face type: wall, floor, ceiling, and (b) theservice environment: exterior or interior, specialized types ofwater-borne coatings have been developed for the differentlocations. The recommended test methods presented in Table 1and Table 2 cover practically all of the properties of water-reducible coat
48、ings but all of them are not required with eachtype. Coatings intended for exterior use only or both exteriorand interior use require certain properties not relevant to thosefor interior use only. Selection of the methods to be followedmust be governed by experience and the requirements in eachindiv
49、idual case, together with agreement between the pur-chaser and the seller.5.2 The purchaser should first determine the properties acoating should have and then select only those test methodsthat measure or evaluate those properties. After selecting thedesired tests, the purchaser should then decide which proper-ties are the most important and establish the requirements orspecifications accordingly. Since coating properties frequentlytend to oppose each other, such as low sheen versus goodcleansability, some properties may need to be less emphasizedif others are to be accentua
