1、Designation: D5343 06 (Reapproved 2012)1Standard Guide forEvaluating Cleaning Performance of Ceramic Tile Cleaners1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5343; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial updates were made in March 2012.1. Scope*1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning perfor-mance of pr
3、oducts intended for use on ceramic tiles. This guideprovides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating per-formance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical,hard-surface cleaning conditions.NOTE 1The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as“soap scum.”1.2 Such sy
4、stems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasivecleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed ofceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluatingperformance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfacessuch as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfacesor washable
5、wall surfaces. The products for which this guide isintended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent,dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intendedto be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid,wipes, powders, or paste.1.3 This standard does not purport to addr
6、ess all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material SafetyData Sheets are available for reagents. R
7、eview them forhazards prior to usage.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and ColorDifferences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque MaterialsD2960 Guide for Controlled Laundering Test Using Natu-rally Soiled Fabrics and Household Appliances3. Terminolog
8、y3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 bathroom soilthe soil composed of materials presenton typical bathroom surfaces.3.1.2 cyclea cycle is defined as being both the back andforth strokes on the scrubbing apparatus.3.1.3 soilin hard surface cleaning, foreign matter on ahard surfa
9、ce such as a ceramic tile.3.1.4 substratethe soiled surface that is being cleaned.4. Summary of Guide4.1 Soils are artificially applied in a standardized manner toa ceramic tile surface. The soiled surfaces are cleaned using astraight-line washability apparatus, and the cleaned substratesare evaluat
10、ed using reflectance measurements, or visually by apanel of judges.Aschematic diagram of the soil composition issummarized in Fig. 1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This guide suggests methodology for cleaning tests.This methodology can only be applied to assess productperformance on typical bathroom soi
11、ls and is not inclusive ofall potential soils present on ceramic tiles or other bathroomsurfaces. An assessment of cleaning performance on surfacesother than ceramic tile cannot be presumed since there is noconfirmed basis for correlation for this soil on other surface orsubstrate types.5.2 The resu
12、lts of tests based on this guide are regarded asdiagnostic screening values useful in formulation studies,quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. Theresults of this guide should be compared to control treatments,which are incorporated into each performance evaluation.These result
13、s should be considered to be relative to all othertreatments in the study and are not absolute values. For1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D12 on Soaps andOther Detergents and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D12.16 on HardSurface Cleaning.Current edition approved
14、Feb. 15, 2012. Published March 2012. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5343 06(2012).DOI: 10.1520/D5343-06R12E01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStand
15、ards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.interlaboratory comparisons, e
16、xact treatment conditions mustbe established and then results should be compared as relativeranking to the control treatments rather than as absolute values.5.3 This guide is applicable to testing all types of multi-purpose household and bathroom cleaners, whether the deter-gent is prepared by disso
17、lving a soluble powder, a dilutableliquid, or is a non-dilutable product. It may also be useful forevaluation of products or conditions normally associated withindustrial or institutional cleaners.6. Preparation of Soil6.1 Summary of MethodWhite ceramic tiles are soiledwith a composite soil composed
18、 of two separate preblends.One preblend consists of a mixture of synthetic sebum, metalstearates, carbon black, and dirt. The second preblend is apredissolved sodium stearate solution. Soil is applied using apainting pad applicator. The soiled tiles can be stored for up tothree months when stored at
19、 35F (1.67C). The soiledsubstrate is scrubbed with a fine-celled sponge, to which thedetergent system being tested has been applied, or with a dampsponge when the product is to be applied to the soil surface.Cleaning performance is evaluated by comparing reflectancemeasurements made on the clean/uns
20、oiled test panel, soiledpanel (untreated), and on the soiled panel after scrubbing witha straight-line washability apparatus. Results can be either avisual rating or calculated as a percentage of soil removed.6.2 Materials:6.2.1 Super Soilt Brand Potting Soil3, from local store,6.2.2 Palmitic Acid,
21、reagent grade,6.2.3 Stearic Acid, powder, triple pressed,6.2.4 Coconut Oil,6.2.5 Paraffn Wax,6.2.6 Sperm Wax,6.2.7 Olive Oil,6.2.8 Squalene,6.2.9 Cholesterol,6.2.10 Oleic Acid,6.2.11 Linoleic Acid, purified,6.2.12 Sodium Stearate, technical grade,6.2.13 Ferric Chloride, hexahydrate, FeCl36H2O,6.2.14
22、 Calcium Stearate, technical grade,6.2.15 Magnesium Stearate,6.2.16 Carbon Lampblack,6.2.17 Distilled Water, and6.2.18 Synthetic Hard Water, 100 ppm hardness, as CaCO3,3:1 Ca+2:Mg+2.6.3 Equipment:6.3.1 Balance,6.3.2 Stirplate/Hotplate, two,6.3.3 Magnetic Stirbars, two,6.3.4 Beakers, 4000 mL, 2000 mL
23、, 1000 mL, 600 mL(metal), and 500 mL,6.3.5 Forced Draft Oven, capable of 110 6 5C,6.3.6 Buchner Funnel, 500 mL,6.3.7 Vacuum Flask, 2000 mL,6.3.8 Filter Paper, Whatman 1,6.3.9 Separatory Funnel, 500 mL,6.3.10 Ring Stand and Ring, to fit separatory funnel,6.3.11 Mortar and Pestle,6.3.12 Sieve, 14 mesh
24、,6.3.13 Ball Mill and Ceramic Jar, with 1-in. diameterceramic cylinders,6.3.14 Cookie Sheet,6.3.15 Replacement Mini Trimmer Paint Pads, two,6.3.16 Refrigeration, for storage, 35F (1.67C), and6.3.17 Plastic Disposable Pipets.6.4 Procedure:Pre-mix No. 1 Preparation6.4.1 Synthetic Sebum Soil4:6.4.1.1 P
25、repare synthetic sebum soil using the followingconstituents:Constituent Weight %Palmitic acid 10.0Stearic acid 5.0Coconut oil 15.0Paraffin wax 10.0Sperm wax 15.0Olive oil 20.0Squalene 5.0Cholesterol 5.0Oleic acid 10.0Linoleic acid 5.0Total 100.06.4.1.2 Weigh the oils out into one beaker. Then weigh
26、thepowders out into another beaker. Weigh the paraffin wax andsperm wax into a third beaker.6.4.1.3 Warm the oils on a hot plate, but do not allowmixture temperature to exceed 54C. Add powders and stiruntil dissolved.6.4.1.4 Add the paraffin wax and sperm wax and stir until allingredients are dissol
27、ved.3(Since 1954); a subsidiary of The Scotts Miracle-Gro Company, 14111 ScottsLawn Rd., Marysville, OH 43041.4Spanglers Sebum is commercially available and has been found suitable for thispurpose. Scientific Services S/D, Inc., 42 Main St., P.O. Box 778, Sparrow Bush,NY12780.FIG. 1 Bathroom Soil Co
28、mpositionD5343 06 (2012)126.4.1.5 Pour the sebum into a glass jar and refrigerate at35F (1.67C). The sebum may be stored at 35F (1.67C) forup to six months.6.4.2 Iron Stearate PreparationIron stearate is not com-mercially available and must, therefore, be prepared in the lab.The following reaction i
29、s used to prepare iron stearate:3 Na Stearate 1 1 FeCl36H2O3 NaCl 1 1 Fe Stearate3(1)6.4.2.1 Dissolve 15 g of FeCl36H2O in 285 g of distilledwater. Pour solution into a 500-mL separatory funnel. Set asideuntil needed.6.4.2.2 Add 40.5 g of sodium stearate to 1960 g of distilledwater in a 4000-mL beak
30、er. Stir mixture and heat to 60 to 80Cuntil sodium stearate is completely dissolved.6.4.2.3 After the sodium stearate has dissolved, add theferric chloride solution (from 6.4.2.1) slowly. Iron stearate willimmediately begin to precipitate. After the addition of theferric chloride solution has been c
31、ompleted, stir for an addi-tional 5 min.6.4.2.4 Remove beaker from heat and allow the mixture tocool.6.4.2.5 When the temperature has dropped to 30 to 35C,filter the mixture through Whatman 1 filter paper using a largeBuchner funnel.6.4.2.6 Wash the precipitate with distilled water (3 by 500mL) to r
32、emove any remaining unreacted ferric chloride.6.4.2.7 Allow the iron stearate to dry at room temperature toconstant weight (approximately three days).6.4.2.8 Iron stearate can be stored in a closed container forup to one year.6.4.3 Stearate Premix Preparation:6.4.3.1 Prepare stearate premix preparat
33、ion using the fol-lowing constituents in the order detailed as follows:Constituent Weight, gCalcium stearate 53.0Magnesium stearate 26.0Iron stearate 21.0Total 100.06.4.3.2 Combine the three stearates and pulverize with amortar and pestle until homogeneous.6.4.3.3 Stearate premix can be stored in a
34、closed containerfor up to one year.6.4.4 SuperSoilt Brand Potting Soil Preparation:6.4.4.1 Remove the large wood chunks, vermiculite, andstyrofoam particles from the potting soil with a large 14-meshsieve.6.4.4.2 Spread 1000 to 1500 g of the sieved potting soil overa cookie sheet and dry in a forced
35、-draft oven at 110C for 16to 24 h until moisture is completely removed.6.4.4.3 Fill the Ball Mill jar halfway with the ceramiccylinders. Place the sieved soil in the jar. Clamp the lidsecurely onto the jar and run the Ball Mill for a minimum of 4h. The SuperSoilt dirt is now ready for use.6.4.4.4 Th
36、e SuperSoilt dirt may be stored in a closedcontainer for up to one year.6.4.5 Final Premix No. 1 Preparation:6.4.5.1 Composition:Constituent Target Weight, gSynthetic sebum soil 4.5Stearate premix 3.0Carbon black 0.6SuperSoilT dirt 1.5Total 9.66.4.5.2 Melt the sebum in a 600-mL metal beaker in a war
37、mwater bath at 65 to 70C. In order to ensure homogeneity of thesebum, the mixture in the jar needs to be completely meltedprior to sampling.6.4.5.3 Add the remaining ingredients in the followingorder: stearate premix, carbon black, and SuperSoilt dirt. Mixafter each addition until homogeneous.6.4.5.
38、4 Once the addition is complete, place a stirbar in thebeaker and begin stirring at medium speed. Maintain thetemperature of the mixture at 65 to 70C.Premix No. 2 Preparation6.4.6 Sodium Stearate Solution:6.4.6.1 Prepare sodium stearate solution as follows:Constituent Target Weight, gSodium stearate
39、Distilled water40.29259.71Total 300.006.4.6.2 Add sodium stearate to distilled water.6.4.6.3 Heat mixture to 75C and stir until sodium stearateis dissolved and solution is clear. This can take up to 30 min tocompletely dissolve the sodium stearate.6.4.6.4 Maintain temperature of solution at 75C.6.5
40、Final Soil Preparation:6.5.1 Add Premix No. 2 to Premix No. 1 in 20-g incrementsuntil all of Premix No. 2 has been added. Stir (using stirplate)between each 20-g addition. Premix No. 1 and Premix No. 2are heated throughout the addition procedure.6.5.2 Stir at high speed with continued heating to obt
41、ain ahomogeneous mixture. Soil color should be charcoal gray.6.5.3 Maintain a soil temperature of 75 to 80C throughoutthe soil application.6.5.4 This soil mixture can be stored in a closed container at35F for up to 1 year.7. Preparation of Substrate7.1 Wash tiles in a laboratory dishwasher using ani
42、ndustrial-strength dishwashing detergent.7.2 Air-dry tiles for 24 h. For best drying, position tiles suchthat air flows freely across all surfaces.7.3 Preheat oven to 70 to 80C.7.4 Place tiles on an oven tray and heat for at least 1 hbefore applying the soil. Soil enough tiles to run eightreplicates
43、 per test product plus three extra for cycle determi-nation.8. Soil Application8.1 Apparatus:8.1.1 Soil Applicator, mini trimmer paint applicator5(3.175by 6.985 cm).5Shur-Linet trim bathroom soil; ceramic tile cleaners;hard-surface cleaners; soap scumSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D12.16 has identif
44、ied the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5343-06) that may impact the use of this standard.(1) Added to 6.1 Summary of Method “The soiled tiles canbe stored for up to three months when stored at 35F.(2)In6.2.1 and throughout: SuperSoilt Brand Potting Soilwas added
45、to replace Super Mix potting soil.(3) Added footnote references to 6.4.1, 8.1.1 and 8.2.2:(4) Added to 6.5.4: This soil mixture can be stored in a closedcontainer at 35F for up to 1 year.(5) Added to 8.2.1: Tiles can be soiled while hot or allowed tocool to room temperature.(6) Added to 8.2.5: Tiles
46、 may be used for testing up to threemonths after preparation when stored at 35F (1.67C).ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of
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