1、Designation: D5372 04 (Reapproved 2014)D5372 17Standard Guide forEvaluation of Hydrocarbon Heat Transfer Fluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5372; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope Scope*21.1 This guide provides information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for testing heat
3、 transfer fluidsfor quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing hydrocarbon heat transfer fluids inclosed systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.2.1 ExceptionThe values given in parentheses are for information only.1.
4、3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trad
5、e (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of Lubricating OilsD92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup TesterD93 Test Metho
6、ds for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD95 Test Method for Water in Petroleum Products and Bituminous Materials by DistillationD97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum ProductsD189 Test Method for Conradson Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosit
7、y of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of Petroleum ProductsD664 Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products by Potentiometric TitrationD893 Test Method for In
8、solubles in Used Lubricating OilsD1160 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Reduced PressureD1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1500 Test Method for ASTM Color of Petroleum Products (AST
9、M Color Scale)D2270 Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 C and 100 CD2717 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of LiquidsD2766 Test Method for Specific Heat of Liquids and SolidsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas Chromato
10、graphyD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue (Micro Method)D6743 Test Method for Thermal Stability of Organic Heat Transfer Fluids1 This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committe
11、e D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.L0.06 on Non-Lubricating Process Fluids.Current edition approved May 1, 2014Aug. 1, 2017. Published July 2014August 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 200920
12、14 asD5372 04 (2009).(2014). DOI: 10.1520/D5372-04R14.10.1520/D5372-17.2 The background for this standard was developed by a questionnaire circulated by ASTM-ASLE technical division L-VI-2 and reported in Lubrication Engineering, Vol32, No. 8, August 1976, pp. 411416.3 For referencedASTM standards,
13、visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM sta
14、ndard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by AS
15、TM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1D7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger
16、Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)E659 Test Method for Autoignition Temperature of ChemicalsG4 Guide for Conducting Corrosion Tests in Field Applications3. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 heat transfer fluida petroleum oil or related hydrocarbo
17、n material which remains essentially a liquid while transferringheat to or from an apparatus or process. Small percentages of nonhydrocarbon components such as antioxidants and dispersantscan be present.4. Significance and Use4.1 The significance of each test method will depend upon the system in us
18、e and the purpose of the test method as listed underSection 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.5. Recommended Test Procedures5.1 Pumpability of the Fluid:5.1.1 Flash Point, closed cup (Test Method D93)This test method will detect low flash ends which are one cause of cavitationduri
19、ng pumping. In closed systems, especially when fluids are exposed to temperatures of 225C225 C (approximately400F)400 F) or higher, the formation of volatile hydrocarbons by breakdown of the oil may require venting through a pressurerelief system to prevent dangerous pressure build-up.5.1.2 Pour Poi
20、nt (Test Method D97)The pour point can be used as an approximate guide to the minimum temperature fornormal pumping and as a general indication of fluid type and low temperature low-temperature properties. Should a heat transfersystem be likely to be subjected to low temperatures when not in use, th
21、e system should be trace heated to warm the fluid aboveminimum pumping temperature before start-up.5.1.3 Viscosity (Test Method D445 or D7042)Fluid viscosity is of importance in the determination of Reynolds and Prandtlnumbers for heat transfer systems, to estimate fluid turbulence, heat transfer co
22、efficient, and heat flow. Generally, a fluid that isabove approximately 200 centistokes 200 centistokes is difficult to pump.The pump and system design will determine the viscositylimit required for pumping. The construction of a viscosity/temperature curve using determined viscosities can be used t
23、o estimateminimum pumping temperature.5.1.4 Specific Gravity (Test Method D1298 or D4052)Hydraulic shock during pumping has been predicted via the use of acombination of density and compressibility data.5.1.5 Water Content (Test Method D95)The water content of a fresh heat transfer fluid can be used
24、 to indicate how long theheat transfer system must be dried out during commissioning, while raising the bulk oil temperature through the 100C100 C plusregion, with venting, before the system can be safely used at higher temperatures. The expansion tank should be full during theoperations to ensure t
25、hat moisture is safely vented in the lowest pressure part of the systems. Positive nitrogen pressure on the heatexchange systems will minimize entry of air or moisture. Heat transfer systems operating at temperatures of 120 or greater must,for reasons of safety, be dry, because destructive high pres
26、sures are generated when water enters the high temperaturehigh-temperature sections of the system. Heating the oil before it is placed in service also removes most of the dissolved air inthe oil. If not removed, the air can cause pump cavitation. The air can also accumulate in stagnant parts of the
27、system at highpressure and could cause an explosion.5.2 Safety in Use:5.2.1 Autoignition Temperature (Test Method E659)The above test relates to the autoignition temperature of a bulk fluid.Hydrocarbon fluids absorbed on porous inert surfaces can ignite at temperatures more than 50C50 C (approximate
28、ly100F)100 F) lower than indicated by Test Method E659. An open flame will ignite leaking hydrocarbon fluids exposed on aporous surface at any temperature.5.2.2 Flash Point (Test Methods D92 and D93)Some heat transfer fluids are volatile and present a fire hazard at slightlyelevated temperatures, or
29、 even below 25C (77F).25 C (77 F).5.3 Effect on Equipment:5.3.1 Effect on Rubber or Elastomeric Seals (Test Method D471)Most seals in heat exchange equipment are made of steel orother metal. If rubber seals are present, it is desirable to maintain rubber swelling in the range of 11 % to 5 % to preve
30、nt leakagebecause of poor seal contact. Seals may degrade in some fluids. As an oil deteriorates in service, additional tests may be requiredto assureensure that seals remain compatible with the altered oil. The temperature ranges of the tests should correspond totemperatures to which seals will be
31、exposed in service.5.3.2 Corrosion (Guide G4)The above tests concern selection of materials of construction with fluids usable for heat transfersystems. Guide G4 uses test metal specimens fixed within the stream of test fluid under use. The specimens and conditions for testmust be specified for each
32、 system.D5372 1725.4 Effciency:5.4.1 Thermal Conductivity (Test Method D2717) and Specific Heat (Test Method D2766)These thermal conductivity andspecific heat tests are difficult to carry out, facilities for performing them are few, and the precision data is yet to be established.Values can be estim
33、ated for design use from the general chemical composition. Differences contribute to efficiency to a lesserdegree than values such as viscosity, moisture contamination, and other measurable values in 5.1 and 5.5 of this guide. The valuesfor thermal conductivity and specific heat may be available fro
34、m the fluid supplier.45.5 Service Life:5.5.1 Thermal Stability, Laboratory Tests5Thermal stability is here defined as the resistance of a hydrocarbon liquid topermanent changes in properties that make it a less efficient heat transfer fluid. These changes may be related to alterations in theliquidsl
35、iquids properties, such as viscosity, or to the tendency to foul heat exchanger surfaces with insulating deposits. Normally,testing should be done in the absence of air and moisture to stimulate “tight” systems. The test may be useful for assessing theremaining service life of a used fluid, or it ma
36、y be used to compare the expected service life of competitive new heat transfer fluids.5.5.2 The following test methods can be used to determine the change in values between new and used fluids, or between a fluidbefore and after subjection to a laboratory thermal stability test. These test methods
37、have been found especially useful fordetermining the end of a fluidsfluids service life when an identical fluid has been monitored with the same tests throughout itsservice life. These test methods can also detect leakage of foreign material into the heat transfer fluid.5.5.2.1 Precipitation Number
38、(Test Method D91) and Insolubles (Test Method D893)These test methods determine the extentto which insolubles that may contribute to fouling of metal surfaces are increasing.5.5.2.2 Flash Point (Test Methods D92 and D93)Alowering of flash point is indicative of thermal cracking to produce lowermolec
39、ular weight hydrocarbons. A rapid increase may indicate that fluid is being exposed to excessive temperatures.5.5.2.3 Carbon Residue (Test Methods D189, D524, and D4530)An increase of carbon residue during service provides anindication of the fluids tendency to form carbonaceous deposits. These depo
40、sits, which may impair heat transfer, are caused byprecipitation of high molecular weight materials produced by thermal cracking of the fluid.5.5.2.4 Viscosity (Test Method D445 or D7042)An increase in viscosity may reduce the fluidsfluids ability to transfer heat(see 5.1.3). Cracking of hydrocarbon
41、s in high temperature high-temperature service in closed systems often causes a decrease inviscosity. Thus a change in viscosity taken by itself is insufficient to judge the performance of a fluid in service.5.5.2.5 Distillation (Test Methods D86, D1160, and D2887)Distillation can show directly the
42、percentage of a fluid that hascracked into lower boiling products or has been converted into higher boiling products. Distillation data can serve as the solecriterion for changing a heat transfer fluid.5.5.2.6 Neutralization Number (Test Method D664)A marked increase in neutralization number is a wa
43、rning of oxidation inthe system, which may be the result of leaks. In high-temperature service (200C,(200 C, approximately 400F),400 F), organicacids may decompose, and the use of infrared analyses may serve as a more reliable method for detection of oxidation.5.5.2.7 Color (Test Method D1500)In its
44、elf, color is not important, but may be the initial indication of chemical changes inthe heat transfer system.5.5.2.8 Viscosity Index (Test Method D2270)The viscosity index of a fluid may change during service. Generally, the viscosityof a heat transfer fluid is not measured at the operating tempera
45、ture (see 5.5.2.4). If the viscosity index of new and used fluids areknown, the viscosities at operating temperature can be estimated and compared.5.5.2.9 Water Content (Test Method D95)Small amounts of water present in heat transfer systems may cause corrosion, highpressures, or pump cavitation.6.
46、Keywords6.1 characterization; heat transfer fluid; heat transfer oil; heat transfer systemSUMMARY OF CHANGESSubcommittee D02.L0 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D5372 04 (2014) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2017.)(1)
47、Added Test Methods D4052 and D7042 to Referenced Documents.(2) Revised subsections 5.1.3, 5.1.4, and 5.5.2.4.4 Useful estimates may be obtained from sources such as the “Technical Data Book, Petroleum Refining,” American Petroleum Institute, 1220 L St., N.W, Washington,DC 2000054070.20005-4070.5 Tes
48、t Method D6743 measures thermal stability of organic heat transfer fluids.D5372 173ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the
49、validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible tech
