1、Designation: D 5401 03Standard Test Method forEvaluating Clear Water Repellent Coatings on Wood1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5401; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method evaluates the effectiveness of clearwater repellent coatings on wood before or after exteriorexposure.1.2 Intralabo
3、ratory results with this test method can be usedto compare the effectiveness of clear water repellent coatings.The agreement between results obtained in different laborato-ries may be less satisfactory unless a known water repellent isused as a reference.1.3 This standard does not purport to address
4、 all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 358 Specificati
5、on for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsD 1006 Practice for Conducting Exterior Exposure Tests ofPaints on WoodD 1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Condi-tioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and RelatedMaterials3. Term
6、inology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 clear water repellent coatinga transparent coatingformulated for the purpose of protecting porous substrates bypreventing the penetration of liquid water.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Five Ponderosa pine specimens are treated with the cl
7、earwater repellent under test and allowed to dry for seven days.Five untreated specimens serve as controls. The treated anduntreated specimens are each weighed and then allowed to floatin water for 30 min. The specimens are removed, the excesswater is wiped off, and each are reweighed. The effective
8、nessof the water repellent coating is then calculated.5. Significance and Use5.1 Water is known to penetrate wood substrates, causingdimensional instability and eventual deterioration. Clear waterrepellent coatings are designed to protect wood from damagingeffects of water. This test method is used
9、to evaluate theeffectiveness of water repellent coatings on wood soon afterapplication or after long-term exterior exposure.6. Apparatus6.1 Conditioning Room or Chamber, having a controlledtemperature of 73.5 6 3.5F (23 6 2C) and a controlledrelative humidity of 50 6 5 % as described in Specificatio
10、nD 3924. This is used to establish a uniform moisture content inthe test specimens and during the test.6.2 Balance, accurate to at least 0.1 g.6.3 Saw, sharp, fine-toothed, with a minimum of ten teeth/in. to obtain a smooth surface on the test specimen.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Purity of WaterUnl
11、ess otherwise clearly indicated,references to water shall be understood to mean reagent wateras defined by Type IV of Specification D 1193.7.2 WoodWood used for these tests shall be randomlyselected standard commercial “two-by-fours,” straight-grained,knot-free, flat-sawn, kiln-dried, Ponderosa pine
12、 sapwood, se-lected in accordance with Specification D 358.NOTE 1Species other than Ponderosa pine may be used by mutualagreement.8. Test Specimens8.1 Cut away and discard 3 in. (76 mm) of end grain fromthe selected “two-by-four” to avoid any pretreatment that mayhave been applied by the supplier an
13、d to ensure an even cut onevery specimen.8.2 Using the fine-toothed saw (see 6.3) to ensure a smoothsurface, cut a supply of 12 in. (305 mm) long test specimenssufficient for the intended test program, with an ample overage1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand
14、 Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.42 on Architectural Coatings.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published December 2003. Originallyapproved as D 5401 93. Withdrawn October 2002 and reinstated as D 5401 03.2For referenced ASTM sta
15、ndards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken,
16、 PA 19428-2959, United States.to allow for possible discards. Five specimens are required foreach water repellent being tested and five for an untreatedcontrol set.8.3 Weigh each specimen to 0.1 g and calculate the meanweight. Discard specimens that vary more than 10 % from themean and cut additiona
17、l specimens as necessary to obtainsufficient specimens within the specified weight range toperform all of the planned tests.8.4 Store the test specimens for at least six days in aconditioned room or chamber as described in 6.1, on a raisedscreen or rack to provide ventilation around each specimen,an
18、d allow them to come to constant weight. (Constant weightis defined as a change of no more than1gin24h.)9. Treatment9.1 Prior to treatment, weigh the test specimens on twosuccessive days to ensure constant weight.9.2 Immerse each of the five test specimens in the waterrepellent coating for 30 s. To
19、ensure even coverage, allowexcess water repellent to drain longitudinally for 1 min fromone end of the specimen, then invert to allow similar drainagefor 1 min from the other end.9.3 Allow the treated specimens to air dry on a raised screenor rack for 24 h.10. Procedure10.1 Return the treated specim
20、ens to the conditioning cham-ber along with five untreated specimens for at least seven daysor until they reach constant weight, then record their weight to0.1 g.10.2 Place the specimens in a container of water at 73.563.5F (23 6 2C) and allow to float for 15 min, then turn themover and allow them t
21、o float for another 15 min to give a totalimmersion time of 30 min.10.3 Remove the specimens from the water, allow to drainbriefly, wipe the specimens with a slightly dampened cloth toremove excess water, reweigh and record each weight to 0.1 g.10.4 Optional Weathering ProcedureFollowing comple-tion
22、 of 10.3, subject the treated and untreated specimens toagreed conditions and an agreed time period of exteriorexposure in accordance with Practice D 1006, then test asdescribed in Section 10 to determine the water repellentefficiency of the treatment after exposure with respect tountreated wood.11.
23、 Calculations11.1 Calculation the water repellent efficiency, (WRE) inpercent, for each specimen as follows:WRE 5 100 A 2 B! 2 C 2 D!#/A 2 B!(1)where:A = weight of the untreated specimen after water contact,g,B = weight of the untreated specimen before water con-tact, g,C = weight of the treated spe
24、cimen after water contact, g,andD = weight of the treated specimen before water contract,g.11.2 Calculate the mean WRE value for each five-specimenset.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Mean water repellent efficiency (WRE) of eachcoating (See 11.2),12.1.2 Mean weight for each fi
25、ve-specimen set both beforeand after water immersion (Section 10),12.1.3 If the specimens were weathered, report the exposuretime and conditions of exterior exposure, and12.1.4 Any significant deviations from the standard testmethod as described herein.13. Precision and Bias313.1 PrecisionIn an inte
26、rlaboratory study of this testmethod, one operator in each of five laboratories measured thewater gain of five specimens of Ponderosa pine, and of threefive-specimen sets that were treated with three water repellentcoatings ranging from moderate to high water repellency.13.1.1 The intralaboratory st
27、andard deviation of the weightgains of the untreated panels was found to be 15.46 g with 17df and the interlaboratory standard deviation 14.2 g with 4 df,after discarding one result from each of 3 laboratories becausethey differed widely from the other results from the samelaboratory and other labor
28、atories.13.1.2 The intralaboratory standard deviation of the waterrepellent efficiency was found to be 2.99 % absolute with 57 dfand the interlaboratory standard deviation 3.9 % with 12 df,after discarding one result from each of two sets from the samelaboratory because they differed significantly f
29、rom other resultsin the same sets and one result from other laboratorys set,because the range differed significantly from all the remainingsets.13.1.3 Based on these standard deviations, the followingcriteria should be used for judging, at the 95 % confidencelevel, the acceptability of results:13.1.
30、4 Water Absorption by Untreated Wood:13.1.4.1 RepeatabilityResults obtained by the same op-erator using panels of the same wood should be consideredsuspect if they differ by more than 62 g for four panels and 67g for 5 panels at weight gains of 45 to 100 g.13.1.4.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each t
31、he mean offive repeats obtained by operators in different laboratories,should be considered suspect if they differ by more than 90 gin the same weight gain range.13.2 BiasBias cannot be established because there is nostandard material.14. Keywords14.1 architectural paints and coatings; water repelle
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35、 your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5401033
