1、Designation: D 5430 04Standard Test Methods forVisually Inspecting and Grading Fabrics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5430; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number
2、in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods describe a procedure to establish anumerical designation for grading of fabrics from a visualinspection.1.2 These test met
3、hods may be used for the delivery andacceptance of fabrics with requirements mutually agreed uponby the purchaser and the supplier.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establi
4、sh appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor TextilesD 3990 Definition of Terms Relating to
5、 Fabric DefectsD 4849 Terminology Relating to Yarns and FibersD 4850 Terminology Relating to Fabric2.2 ANSI Standards:3ANSI/ASQC Standard A1-1978 Definitions, Symbols, For-mulas, and Tables for Control ChartsANSI/ASQC Standard Z1.4-1981 Sampling Procedures andTables for Inspection by Attributes.3. T
6、erminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of textile terms used in this test method:critical defect; defect, in inspection and grading; grade; inspec-tion; major defect; minor defect, refer to Terminology D 4850.3.1.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this testmethod, refer to Term
7、inologies D 123 and D 3990.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Rolls or bolts of fabric are visually inspected andindividually graded at an examination station using an agreedupon point system.4.2 Fabric is normally inspected and graded on one sideonly. Certain types of end use fabrics may be inspected and
8、graded on both sides as agreed upon between the purchaser andsupplier.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D 5430 is considered satisfactory foracceptance testing a commercial shipments since the methodhas been used extensively in the trade for grading of fabric andfabric acceptance determination.
9、5.2 The penalty points obtained in grading the same rolls orbolts of fabric may vary considerably when using each of thethree options listed herein. For this reason, the same pointassignment option should be used in cases of disagreementarising from differences of values reported by the purchaserand
10、 the supplier.5.3 If there are differences of practical significance betweenreported test results for two laboratories (or more), compara-tive test should be performed to determine if there is astatistical bias between them, using competent statistical assis-tance. As a minimum, ensure the test samp
11、les to be used are ashomogeneous as possible, are drawn from the material fromwhich the disparate test results ere obtained, and are randomlyassigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Thetest results from the two laboratories should be compared usinga statistical test for unpaired dat
12、a, at a probability level chosenprior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its causemust be found and corrected, or future test results for thatmaterial must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.6. Apparatus6.1 A suitable fabric inspection machine providing a flatviewing area
13、and an interruptible speed controlled fabricrewind. Examination and grading are usually done with over-head direct lighting. The inspection machine may be equippedwith the option of back lighting (transmitted) light providingthe choice by prior agreement depending on the fabric end use.1These test m
14、ethods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 onTextiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.59 on Fabric TestMethods, General.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2004. Published January 2005. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 1993 as D 5430992For
15、referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3American Society for Quality Control, 310 W. WisconsinAve., Milwa
16、ukee, WS53203.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.The overhead direct lighting source shall be mounted parallelto the viewing surface so as to illuminate with direct perpen-dicular impinging light rays. The surface illumi
17、nation levelshall be a minimum of 1075 lux (100 foot candles).6.2 The lighting source should be cool white preheat rapidstart fluorescent lamps having a correlated color temperature of4100 to 4500 K with white reflectors and without baffles orglues, or by agreement between the purchaser and supplier
18、.7. Sampling7.1 With shipments which total 1000 m or yd or less, inspectand grade the total number of rolls or bolts.7.2 For shipments exceeding 1000 m or yd, select samplesas agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. In the absence ofsuch a specification, a reliable statistical sampling plan such
19、asPractice D 2903 or MIL-STD 105E may be used.8. Conditioning8.1 No conditioning is required.9. Defects and Tolerances9.1 The purchaser and the supplier shall agree on a list ofdefects to be used in grading fabric. See 2.1 and 2.2 and Refs.1-7 for publications of various lists of fabric defects whic
20、h maybe used.9.1.1 The fabric defects listed shall be classified as either acritical defect, major defect, or minor defect.9.2 Where applicable, the purchaser and the supplier mayagree upon the location, maximum size of a fabric character-istic and frequency of occurrence that shall not be counted a
21、sa defect.9.3 The point count permissible frequency of any defecttype may be further qualified by agreement of the purchaserand the supplier.9.4 Defects not visible on the face of the fabric shall not becounted unless agreement to the contrary has been madebetween the purchaser and the supplier.9.5
22、Each individual roll or bolt in 7.1 or 7.2 shall be rejectedif inspection and grading results in a total number of defectpoints exceeding the maximum acceptable level mutuallyagreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.9.6 The total shipment shall be rejected if the sampleinspected exceeds the maximum
23、 acceptable defect level mutu-ally agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier.10. Procedure10.1 Pass the fabric longitudinally through the inspectionarea at a visual inspection speed, agreed upon between thepurchaser and supplier.10.2 Visually inspect and grade from a viewing distance ofone metre or
24、yard while the fabric is in motion. Fabric may bestopped to grade when necessary to affirm marginal defects anddefects may be flagged.10.3 Inspect and grade the total length of each roll or boltsampled.10.4 Detect and assign points to defects observed as agreedupon in 9.1-9.4 using options A (10.6),
25、B(10.7), or C (10.8).10.5 Assign points to the defects based upon their lengthwithin the plane of the fabric according to one of the followingoptions of assigning points, as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.10.6 Point Assignment Option A:Defect LengthGreater Than Up to and Including
26、 AssignedSI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0mm 0in. 75mm 3in. 175 mm 3 in. 150 mm 6 in. 2150 mm 6 in. 230 mm 9 in. 3230 mm 9 in. 410.6.1 Assign no more than a total of 4 points to any onelinear metre or yard of fabric, regardless of the number or sizeof the detected individual defe
27、cts.10.6.2 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear metre oryard in which a continuous running defect exceeds 230millimetres or 9 inches.10.6.3 Assign 4 points to each linear metre or yard of fabricwhere the useable width is less than the minimum specified.10.6.4 Assign 4 points to each seam or ot
28、her full widthdefect or seam if applicable.10.7 Point Assignment Option B:Defect LengthGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedSI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0 mm 0 in. 230 mm 9 in. 1230 mm 9 in. 460 mm 18 in. 2460 mm 18 in. 690 mm 27 in. 3690 mm 27 in. 920 mm 36 in. 4920 mm 36
29、 in. 1150 mm 45 in. 51150 mm 45 in. 1380 mm 54 in. 61380 mm 54 in. 1610 mm 63 in. 7NOTE 1For every additional 230 mm or 9 in., add one to the assignedpoints for the previous increment.10.7.1 Assign demerit points for defects in increments of230 mm or 9 in. or parts thereof.10.7.2 Determine the maxim
30、um number of points per linearmetre or yard by dividing the fabric width by 230 mm or 9 in.as applicable in mm or in.10.7.2.1 Examples Per Linear Metre: 1220 mm fabric width/230 mm = 5 points 1530 mm fabric width/230 mm = 7 points10.7.2.2 Examples Per Linear Yard: 48 in. fabric width/9 in. = 6 point
31、s: 60 in. fabric width/9 in. = 7 points10.7.3 Assign no more than 4 points per square metre oryard regardless of the number or size of the detected individualdefect.10.7.4 Assign 4 points to each consecutive linear metre oryard containing a continuous running defect.10.7.5 No defect within 500 mm or
32、 20 in. to either side ofan extended or running defect shall be counted.10.7.6 Assign no more than one defect point for multipledefects within a 250 mm or 10 in. square.10.7.7 Assign the maximum number of points allowable perlinear metre or yard where the usable width is less than theminimum specifi
33、ed.10.7.8 Assign the maximum number of points allowable perlinear metre or yard to each splice or full width defect.10.8 Point Assignment Option C:Defect LengthWarpGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedD5430042SI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0mm 0in. 25mm 1in. 125 mm 1 in. 125
34、 mm 5 in. 2125 mm 5 in. 250 mm 10 in. 525 mm 10 in. 900 mm 36 in. 10Defect LengthFillingGreater Than Up to and Including AssignedSI Units English Units SI Units English Units Points0mm 0in. 25mm 1in. 125 mm 1 in. 125 mm 5 in. 3125 mm 5 in.12 Fabric Width 512 Fabric Width Full Fabric Width 1010.8.1 A
35、ssign no more than a total of 10 points to any onelinear metre or yard of fabric regardless of the number or sizeof the detected individual defects.10.8.2 Assign 10 points to each consecutive linear metre oryard containing a continuous running defect.10.8.3 Assign 10 points to each linear metre or y
36、ard offabric where the usable width is less than the minimumspecified.10.8.4 Assign 10 points to each splice or other full widthdefect.11. Calculation11.1 Total the number of points assigned for each roll or beltexamined. Calculate the points per 100 sq. m or sq. yd or topoints per 100 linear m or y
37、d using Eq 1, Eq 2 or Eq 3 or Eq4.Points/100 m25 100,000 P/WL (1)Points/100 yd25 3,600 P/WL (2)Points/100 Linear m 5 100 P/WL (3)Points/100 Linear yd 5 100 P/WL (4)where:P = total points assigned,W = fabric width mm or in.,L = fabric length examiner, m or yd.12. Report12.1 State that the fabric was
38、inspected as directed in TestMethods D 5930. Identify and describe the fabric lot orshipment involved.12.1.1 Report whether point assignment Option A, B or Cwas used in assigning points.12.2 Report whether the unit of fabric passed or failed thecriteria as agreed to by the purchaser and the supplier
39、.12.2.1 Report the number of metres or yards inspected.12.2.2 Report the total number of points assigned based onroll or total yardage.12.2.3 Report the number of points per 100 linear m or yd.13. Precision and Bias13.1 No justifiable statement can be made either on preci-sion or on the bias of Test
40、 Methods D 5430 for visuallyinspecting and grading fabrics since the test results merelystates whether there is conformance to the criteria for successspecified in the procedure.13.2 Bias The procedures of this test method produce atest value that can be defined only in terms of a test method.There
41、is no indepedent, referee method by which bias may bedetermined. This test method has no known bias.REFERENCES(1) Apparel Quality Committee Report, “Guidelines for Purchasing bySpecifications,” 1978, Publication 660-43.(2) Technical Advisory Committee Report, “Piece Goods Quality,” June1962, Publica
42、tion 666-51.(3) U.S. Army Matick Laboratories Technical Report 67-29 CM, “PointSystem for Evaluating Quality in Textiles,” 1966 Publication AD-641496.(4) Military Standard, “Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection byAttributes,” MIL-STD 105E.(5) Pictorial Presentation of Standard Fabric Defect
43、s by A. G. Blackmon,“Manual of Standard Fabric Defects in the Textile Industry,” 1975,Revised 1978.(6) Apparel Research Journal, June 1975, Volume III No. 1.(7) Federal Standard Glossary of Fabric Imperfections, Federal StandardNumber 4b, Sections I, II, and III, July 29, 1964.ASTM International tak
44、es no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own re
45、sponsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addres
46、sed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at th
47、e address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D5430043
