1、Designation: D 5431 08Standard Performance Specification forWoven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional andHousehold Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5431; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specificperformance characteristics of importance in w
3、oven and knitflat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutionaland household environments.1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreementbetween the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasingspecification requirements.1.3 The requirements in Table 1 apply to the length
4、 andwidth directions for those properties where fabric direction ispertinent.1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knitproducts used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheetproducts used for apparel.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if a
5、ny, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 629 Test
6、Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles3D 1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel TextilesD 1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum Type (Elmendorf) ApparatusD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 2262 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Woven F
7、abricsby the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-Traverse Tensile Testing Machine)3D 2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimensfor Textiles3D 3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling forApparel,Textile, Home Furnishing, and Leather ProductsD 3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistanc
8、e and Other Re-lated Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random TumblePilling TesterD 3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextileFabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD 3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Rate-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD 3882 Test Method
9、 for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted FabricsD 3938 Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instruc-tions for Apparel and Other Textile ProductsD 5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongationof Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2 AATCC Methods:48 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Metho
10、d15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16A Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-Arc Lamp, ContinuousLight16E Colorfastness to Light: Water-Cooled Xenon-ArcLamp, Continuous Light61 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home, and Commercial:Accelerated88B Appearance of Seams in Durable Press Items AfterRepeated Home Laund
11、erings96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering ofWoven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod124 Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Launder-ing135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic Home Launderingof Woven and Knit Fabrics143 Appear
12、ance of Apparel and Other Textile End ProductsAfter Repeated Home LaunderingsEvaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for StainingNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give only the1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of
13、 ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 41393(2001)1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM
14、 website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available f
15、rom American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.pertinent part of the designation ofASTM,AATCC,
16、or other test methods.The current edition of each test method shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 fitted sheet, nin textiles, a product usually madewith boxed corners, sometimes elasticized with shape and sizeto conform to the contours of the mattress and used forcovering the mattress
17、on a bed.3.1.2 flannel, nas applied to bed sheeting, a napped fabricused in the fabrication of sheeting products.3.1.3 flat sheet, nin textiles, a flat, hemmed product,usually rectangular, used for covering the mattress on a bed andused for sleeping on or under.3.1.4 muslin, nas applied to bed sheet
18、ing, a plain weavefabric with not fewer than 128 yarns/in.2(128 yarns/645 mm2).3.1.5 percale, nas applied to bed sheeting, a plain weavefabric with not fewer than 180 yarns/in.2(180 yarns/645 mm2).3.1.6 sheet, nin textiles, a large rectangular fabricatedproduct which is used over a mattress on a bed
19、. The productmay be carded or combed yarn in a wide range of fabricconstructions.3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC testmethods, Terminology D 123 and Terminology D 3136,oryour dictionary.4. Significance and Use4.1 Upon mutu
20、al agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end useshould meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of thisspecification.4.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion or aesthet-ics, the ultimate consumer of articles made from these fabri
21、csmay find acceptable products that do not conform to all of therequirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.4.2.1 In such cases, any references to the specification shallspecify that: “
22、This product meets ASTM Specification _except for the following characteristic(s).”4.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedbetween the purchaser and the supplier, and in case ofcontroversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended tobe used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimat
23、e consumerdemands dictate varying performance parameters for anyparticular product.4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods. For additional information see TestMethods D 629, Practice D 1776, and Gui
24、de D 3938.TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristicsRequirementsWovenNon-flannelFlannelKnittedSectionPolyester/Cotton 100 % Cotton Flannel/Non-flannelBreaking Force 7.1CRT Method Each DirectionA222 N (50 lbf) min 178 N (40 lbf) min 156 N (35 lbf) minBursting ForceA222 N (50 lbf) min 7.1.2Tear
25、 Resistance, ElmendorfA7.1.3Each Direction 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) minPilling 4.0 NA NA 4.0 7.1.4Dimensional Change: 7.1.5Durable Press (In Each Direction) 5 % max 5 % max 3.5 % max 4 % maxNondurable Press (Nonpreshrunk)Length 8 % max 8 % max 8 % maxWidth 6 % max 6 % max 6
26、% maxPreshrunk (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % maxLaundered Appearance Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable 7.2.1Fabric Appearance SA 3.0 min SA 2.2 minBNA SA 3.0 min 7.1.6Bow and Skewness 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 7.1.7Colorfastness To:CLaundering: 7.1.8.1Alteration in Shade
27、Class 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDStaining Class 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minECrocking: 7.1.8.2Dry Class 4 minFClass 4 minFClass 4 minFClass 4 minFWet Class3minFClass 3 minFClass 3 minFClass 3 minFLight (20 AATCC FU), 7.1.8.3Xenon-ArcEStep 4 minDStep 4 minDStep 4 minDStep
28、4 minDPerspiration 7.1.8.4Alteration In Shade Class 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDStaining Class 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEFlammability Class I Class I Class I Class I 7.1.9AThere is more than one standard method that can be used to measure breaking force, bursting force,
29、 tear resistance, and lightfastness. These methods cannot be usedinterchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them. See Notes 2-5 and Note 8.BRecommended requirement for Easy Care Products which must be ironed.CClass in colorfastness and 5A rating is based on a numerical scale o
30、f 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change,color transfer or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher is acceptable.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.EAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.FAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.D5431082985.
31、Sampling5.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prior agree-ment, consider as a lot for acceptance testing all material of asingle item as a single shipment.5.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory SamplesFor acceptancetesting, take lot samples and laboratory samples as directed ineach of the applicable tes
32、t methods.5.3 SpecimensTake the number of specimens directed ineach of the applicable test methods. Perform the tests on theproducts as it reaches the customer. Any “partially finished” or“post-finish” fabrics should be processed in accordance withthe fabric manufacturers instructions.5.4 If the app
33、licable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D 2905 todetermine the number of specimens per laboratory sample unit.5.4.1 Use a reliable estimate of the variability of individualobservations on similar materials in the users laboratory,5.4.2 A 95 % proba
34、bility level, and5.4.3 An allowable difference of 5 % of the average be-tween the test results on laboratory sampling units and theaverage for the laboratory sampling unit.5.4.4 The average for a laboratory sampling unit is theaverage that would be obtained by applying the test method toall of the p
35、otential specimens from that laboratory samplingunit.6. Specification Requirements6.1 The properties of institutional and household sheetproducts shall conform to the specification requirements inTable 1 or by mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier.7. Testing For Household and Instit
36、utional Use7.1 Test MethodsFabricThe physical and colorfastnessproperties of the fabrics in the sheet products shall be evaluatedas directed as follows:7.1.1 Breaking ForceDetermine the breaking force asdirected in the grab test procedure of Test Method D 5034,using a constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)
37、 tensile testing machinewith the speed of the pulling jaw at 300 6 10 mm/min (12 60.5 in./min).NOTE 2If preferred, a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile test-ing machine may be used. The crosshead speed should be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the supplier. There may be no overallcorre
38、lation between the results obtained with the CRT machine and withthe CRE machine. Consequently, these two breaking load testers cannot beused interchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRT method shallprevail.7.1.2 Bursting Force (Knit Fabrics Only)Determine thebursting force of knit fabrics in th
39、e standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as directed in Test Method D 3786 or TestMethod D 3787 as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtainedwith the CRT machine equipped with a bursting attachment and thediaphragm bursting
40、tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannotbe used interchangeably. In the case of controversy, the motor-drivendiaphragm tester method (Test Method D 3786) shall prevail.NOTE 4The precision of the bursting strength testers has not beenestablished. The methods are accordingly not recomme
41、nded for accep-tance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check in the labora-tories of the purchaser and the supplier, using randomized replicatespecimens of the material to be evaluated.7.1.3 Tear ResistanceDetermine the tear resistance ofwoven fabrics as directed in Test Method D 1424.NO
42、TE 5If preferred, the use of Test Method D 2261 or D 2262 ispermitted, with existing requirements as given in this specification. Theremay be no overall correlation between the results obtained with the tonguetear testers and the Elmendorf Tester. Consequently, these three testerscannot be used inte
43、rchangeably. In case of controversy, Test MethodD 1424 shall prevail.7.1.4 PillingDetermine pilling as directed in Test MethodD 3512 with a test time (run time) of 30 min.7.1.5 Dimensional ChangeDetermine the maximum di-mensional change after five launderings following permanentlyattached care label
44、 instructions and as directed in AATCCMethod 135 for household use or AATCC Method 96 forinstitutional use as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.7.1.5.1 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas specified by the seller when using AATCC Method 135 forhousehold products or AAT
45、CC Method 96 for institutionalproducts.7.1.5.2 When chlorine bleach is to be used, introduce onecup of any liquid chlorine household bleach containing 5.25 %sodium-hypochlorite (5.0 % available chlorine) into the washerin the manner directed on the bleach container. When non-chlorine bleach is to be
46、 used, introduce it into the washer in theamount and manner directed on the bleach container.NOTE 6Nondurable press items can be flat bed pressed after tumbledrying to eliminate wrinkles before measuring.7.1.6 Fabric AppearanceDetermine the smoothness ap-pearance of non-flannel fabric products after
47、 five launderingsas directed in Test V-A of AATCC Method 124 unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.7.1.7 Bow and SkewnessBefore and after laundering,determine the bias of the sheeting fabrics as directed in MethodD 3882 or by mutual agreement between the purchaser and th
48、esupplier.7.1.8 Colorfastness:7.1.8.1 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to laun-dering as directed in Test 4-A of AATCC Method 61 unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Use Multifiber Test Fabric No. 105, to determine the stainingcharacteristics.NOTE 7For all unbleach
49、able items, Test 3-A will be used.5Multifiber Test Fabric, No. 10 is available from Test Fabrics, Inc., P.O. Box420, Middlesex, NJ 08841.D54310837.1.8.2 CrockingDetermine colorfastness to dry and wetcrocking as directed in AATCC Method 8 for solid shades andAATCC Method 116 for prints or as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.7.1.8.3 LightDetermine colorfastness to light as directedin AATCC Method 16 Option 1 or Option 3.NOTE 8In case of controversy,AATCC TM16, Option 3 shall prevail.7.1.8.4 PerspirationDetermine colorfastness to p
