1、Designation: D5431 08 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Performance Specification forWoven and Knitted Sheeting Products for Institutional andHousehold Use1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5431; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, i
2、n the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers the evaluation of specificperformance characteristics of
3、 importance in woven and knitflat, fitted, and waterbed sheet products for use in institutionaland household environments.1.2 This specification may be used by mutual agreementbetween the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasingspecification requirements.1.3 The requirements in Table 1 app
4、ly to the length andwidth directions for those properties where fabric direction ispertinent.1.4 This specification is not applicable to woven and knitproducts used for sheet blankets or to woven and knitted sheetproducts used for apparel.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafet
5、y concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to Text
6、ilesD629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of TextilesD1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles(Withdrawn 2010)3D1424 Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics byFalling-Pendulum (Elmendorf-Type) ApparatusD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2262 Test Method for T
7、earing Strength of Woven Fabricsby the Tongue (Single Rip) Method (Constant-Rate-of-Traverse Tensile Testing Machine) (Withdrawn 1995)3D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens forTextiles (Withdrawn 2008)3D3136 Terminology Relating to Care Labeling for Apparel,Textile, Home Furnishing, a
8、nd Leather ProductsD3512 Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other RelatedSurface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Random TumblePilling TesterD3786 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextileFabricsDiaphragm Bursting Strength Tester MethodD3787 Test Method for Bursting Strength of TextilesConstant-Ra
9、te-of-Traverse (CRT) Ball Burst TestD3882 Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven andKnitted FabricsD3938 Guide for Determining or Confirming Care Instruc-tions for Apparel and Other Textile ProductsD5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation ofTextile Fabrics (Grab Test)2.2 AATCC Methods:4
10、8 Colorfastness to Crocking: AATCC Crockmeter Method15 Colorfastness to Perspiration16A Colorfastness to Light: Carbon-Arc Lamp, ContinuousLight16E Colorfastness to Light: Water-Cooled Xenon-ArcLamp, Continuous Light61 Colorfastness to Laundering, Home, and Commercial:Accelerated88B Appearance of Se
11、ams in Durable Press Items AfterRepeated Home Launderings96 Dimensional Changes in Commercial Laundering ofWoven and Knitted Fabrics Except Wool116 Colorfastness to Crocking: Rotary Vertical CrockmeterMethod124 Appearance of Fabrics After Repeated Home Launder-ing135 Dimensional Changes in Automatic
12、 Home Launderingof Woven and Knit Fabrics1This performance specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM CommitteeD13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.63 on HomeFurnishings.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2013. Published October 2013. Originallyapproved in 1993. La
13、st previous edition approved in 2008 as D543108. DOI:10.1520/D5431-08R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe A
14、STM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists(AATCC), P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, http:/www.aatcc.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO
15、 Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1143 Appearance of Apparel and Other Textile End ProductsAfter Repeated Home LaunderingsEvaluation Procedure 1 Gray Scale for Color ChangeEvaluation Procedure 2 Gray Scale for StainingNOTE 1Reference to test methods in this specification give
16、 only thepertinent part of the designation ofASTM,AATCC, or other test methods.The current edition of each test method shall prevail.3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 fitted sheet, n in textiles, a product usually madewith boxed corners, sometimes elasticized with shape and sizeto conform to the c
17、ontours of the mattress and used forcovering the mattress on a bed.3.1.2 flannel, nas applied to bed sheeting, a napped fabricused in the fabrication of sheeting products.3.1.3 flat sheet, nin textiles, a flat, hemmed product,usually rectangular, used for covering the mattress on a bed andused for s
18、leeping on or under.3.1.4 muslin, nas applied to bed sheeting, a plain weavefabric with not fewer than 128 yarns/in.2(128 yarns/645 mm2).3.1.5 percale, nas applied to bed sheeting, a plain weavefabric with not fewer than 180 yarns/in.2(180 yarns/645 mm2).3.1.6 sheet, nin textiles, a large rectangula
19、r fabricatedproduct which is used over a mattress on a bed. The productmay be carded or combed yarn in a wide range of fabricconstructions.3.1.7 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to the individual ASTM and AATCC testmethods, Terminology D123 and Terminology D313
20、6, or yourdictionary.4. Significance and Use4.1 Upon mutual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier, woven and knitted products intended for this end useshould meet all of the requirements listed in Table 1 of thisspecification.4.2 It is recognized that for purposes of fashion oraesthetics,
21、the ultimate consumer of articles made from thesefabrics may find acceptable products that do not conform to allof the requirements in Table 1. Therefore, one or more of therequirements listed in Table 1 may be modified by mutualagreement between the purchaser and the supplier.4.2.1 In such cases, a
22、ny references to the specification shallspecify that: “This product meets ASTM Specification _except for the following characteristic(s).”TABLE 1 Specification RequirementsCharacteristicsRequirementsWovenNon-flannelFlannelKnittedSectionPolyester/Cotton 100 % Cotton Flannel/Non-flannelBreaking Force
23、7.1CRT Method Each DirectionA222 N (50 lbf) min 178 N (40 lbf) min 156 N (35 lbf) minBursting ForceA222 N (50 lbf) min 7.1.2Tear Resistance, ElmendorfA7.1.3Each Direction 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) min 7 N (1.5 lbf) minPilling 4.0 NA NA 4.0 7.1.4Dimensional Change: 7.1.5Durable Press (In Each D
24、irection) 5 % max 5 % max 3.5 % max 4 % maxNondurable Press (Nonpreshrunk)Length 8 % max 8 % max 8 % maxWidth 6 % max 6 % max 6 % maxPreshrunk (In Each Direction) 2 % max 3 % max 3.5 % maxLaundered Appearance Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable 7.2.1Fabric Appearance SA 3.0 min SA 2.2 minBNA
25、 SA 3.0 min 7.1.6Bow and Skewness 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 3 % max 7.1.7Colorfastness To:CLaundering: 7.1.8.1Alteration in Shade Class 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDStaining Class 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minECrocking: 7.1.8.2Dry Class 4 minFClass 4 minFClass 4 minFClass 4 mi
26、nFWet Class3minFClass 3 minFClass 3 minFClass 3 minFLight (20 AATCC FU), 7.1.8.3Xenon-ArcEStep 4 minDStep 4 minDStep 4 minDStep 4 minDPerspiration 7.1.8.4Alteration In Shade Class 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDClass 4 minDStaining Class 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEClass 3 minEFlammability Class I
27、Class I Class I Class I 7.1.9AThere is more than one standard method that can be used to measure breaking force, bursting force, tear resistance, and lightfastness. These methods cannot be usedinterchangeably since there may be no overall correlation between them. See Notes 2-5 and Note 8.BRecommend
28、ed requirement for Easy Care Products which must be ironed.CClass in colorfastness and 5A rating is based on a numerical scale of 5.0 for negligible color change, color transfer, or wrinkling to 1.0 for very severe color change, colortransfer or wrinkling. The numerical rating in Table 1 or higher i
29、s acceptable.DAATCC Gray Scale for Color Change.EAATCC Gray Scale for Staining.FAATCC Chromatic Transference Scale.D5431 08 (2013)24.3 Where no prepurchase agreement has been reachedbetween the purchaser and the supplier, and in case ofcontroversy, the requirements listed in Table 1 are intended tob
30、e used as a guide only. As noted in 4.2, ultimate consumerdemands dictate varying performance parameters for anyparticular product.4.4 The uses and significance of particular properties andtest methods are discussed in the appropriate sections of thespecified test methods. For additional information
31、 see TestMethods D629, Practice D1776, and Guide D3938.5. Sampling5.1 Acceptance Testing LotUnless there is prioragreement, consider as a lot for acceptance testing all materialof a single item as a single shipment.5.2 Lot Samples and Laboratory SamplesFor acceptancetesting, take lot samples and lab
32、oratory samples as directed ineach of the applicable test methods.5.3 SpecimensTake the number of specimens directed ineach of the applicable test methods. Perform the tests on theproducts as it reaches the customer. Any “partially finished” or“post-finish” fabrics should be processed in accordance
33、withthe fabric manufacturers instructions.5.4 If the applicable test method does not specify thenumber of specimens, use the procedures in Practice D2905 todetermine the number of specimens per laboratory sample unit.5.4.1 Use a reliable estimate of the variability of individualobservations on simil
34、ar materials in the users laboratory,5.4.2 A95 % probability level, and5.4.3 An allowable difference of 5 % of the average be-tween the test results on laboratory sampling units and theaverage for the laboratory sampling unit.5.4.4 The average for a laboratory sampling unit is theaverage that would
35、be obtained by applying the test method toall of the potential specimens from that laboratory samplingunit.6. Specification Requirements6.1 The properties of institutional and household sheetproducts shall conform to the specification requirements inTable 1 or by mutual agreement between the purchas
36、er and thesupplier.7. Testing For Household and Institutional Use7.1 Test MethodsFabricThe physical and colorfastnessproperties of the fabrics in the sheet products shall be evaluatedas directed as follows:7.1.1 Breaking ForceDetermine the breaking force asdirected in the grab test procedure of Test
37、 Method D5034,using a constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) tensile testing machinewith the speed of the pulling jaw at 300 6 10 mm/min (12 60.5 in./min).NOTE 2If preferred, a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) tensile testingmachine may be used. The crosshead speed should be as agreed uponbetween the purch
38、aser and the supplier. There may be no overallcorrelation between the results obtained with the CRT machine and withthe CRE machine. Consequently, these two breaking load testers cannot beused interchangeably. In case of controversy, the CRT method shallprevail.7.1.2 Bursting Force (Knit Fabrics Onl
39、y)Determine thebursting force of knit fabrics in the standard atmosphere fortesting textiles, as directed in Test Method D3786 or TestMethod D3787 as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.NOTE 3There is no overall correlation between the results obtainedwith the CRT machine equipped with
40、 a bursting attachment and thediaphragm bursting tester. Consequently, these two bursting testers cannotbe used interchangeably. In the case of controversy, the motor-drivendiaphragm tester method (Test Method D3786) shall prevail.NOTE 4The precision of the bursting strength testers has not beenesta
41、blished. The methods are accordingly not recommended for accep-tance testing unless preceded by an interlaboratory check in the labora-tories of the purchaser and the supplier, using randomized replicatespecimens of the material to be evaluated.7.1.3 Tear ResistanceDetermine the tear resistance ofwo
42、ven fabrics as directed in Test Method D1424.NOTE 5If preferred, the use of Test Method D2261 or D2262 ispermitted, with existing requirements as given in this specification. Theremay be no overall correlation between the results obtained with the tonguetear testers and the Elmendorf Tester. Consequ
43、ently, these three testerscannot be used interchangeably. In case of controversy, Test MethodD1424 shall prevail.7.1.4 PillingDetermine pilling as directed in Test MethodD3512 with a test time (run time) of 30 min.7.1.5 Dimensional ChangeDetermine the maximum di-mensional change after five launderin
44、gs following permanentlyattached care label instructions and as directed in AATCCMethod 135 for household use or AATCC Method 96 forinstitutional use as agreed upon between the purchaser and thesupplier.7.1.5.1 The wash conditions and drying procedure shall beas specified by the seller when using AA
45、TCC Method 135 forhousehold products or AATCC Method 96 for institutionalproducts.7.1.5.2 When chlorine bleach is to be used, introduce onecup of any liquid chlorine household bleach containing 5.25 %sodium-hypochlorite (5.0 % available chlorine) into the washerin the manner directed on the bleach c
46、ontainer. When non-chlorine bleach is to be used, introduce it into the washer in theamount and manner directed on the bleach container.NOTE 6Nondurable press items can be flat bed pressed after tumbledrying to eliminate wrinkles before measuring.7.1.6 Fabric AppearanceDetermine the smoothness ap-pe
47、arance of non-flannel fabric products after five launderingsas directed in Test V-A of AATCC Method 124 unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.7.1.7 Bow and SkewnessBefore and after laundering,determine the bias of the sheeting fabrics as directed in MethodD3882 or by mut
48、ual agreement between the purchaser and thesupplier.D5431 08 (2013)37.1.8 Colorfastness:7.1.8.1 LaunderingDetermine the colorfastness to laun-dering as directed in Test 4-A of AATCC Method 61 unlessotherwise agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier.Use Multifiber Test Fabric No. 105, to de
49、termine the stainingcharacteristics.NOTE 7For all unbleachable items, Test 3-A will be used.7.1.8.2 CrockingDetermine colorfastness to dry and wetcrocking as directed in AATCC Method 8 for solid shades andAATCC Method 116 for prints or as agreed upon between thepurchaser and the supplier.7.1.8.3 LightDetermine colorfastness to light as directedin AATCC Method 16 Option 1 or Option 3.NOTE 8In case of controversy, AATCC TM16, Option 3 shall prevail.7.1.8.4 PerspirationDetermine colorfastness to perspira-tion as directed in AATCC Method 15.7.1.9 F
