1、Designation: D5438 11D5438 17Standard Practice forCollection of Floor Dust for Chemical Analysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5438; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.
2、A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the collection of a sample of dust from carpets and bare floors that can be analyzedfor lead, pe
3、sticides, or other chemical compounds and elements.1.2 This practice is applicable to a variety of carpeted and bare floor surfaces. It has been tested for level loop and plush pilecarpets and bare wood floors, specifically.1.3 This practice is not intended for the collection and evaluation of dust
4、for the presence of asbestos fibers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
5、user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils (Withdrawn 2016)3D1356 Terminology Relating to Sampling and
6、 Analysis of AtmospheresE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psychrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Temperatures)E1137/E1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Resistance ThermometersE2251 Specification for Liquid-in-Gla
7、ss ASTM Thermometers with Low-Hazard Precision LiquidsF608 Test Method for Evaluation of Carpet Embedded Dirt Removal Effectiveness of Household/Commercial Vacuum Cleaners3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this practice, refer to Terminology D1356.3.1.1 carpet-embedded dus
8、tsoil and other particulate matter, approximately 5-m equivalent aerodynamic diameter and larger,embedded in carpet pile and normally removable by household vacuum cleaners.3.1.2 surface dustsoil and other particulate matter, approximately 5-m equivalent aerodynamic diameter and larger, adheringto f
9、loor surfaces and normally removable by household vacuum cleaners.4. Summary of Practice4.1 The sampling method described in this practice is taken from work published in Roberts,Roberts et alal. (1-3),4 andStamper,Stamper et alal. (4).4.2 Particulate matter is withdrawn from the carpet or bare floo
10、r by means of vacuum-induced suction which draws through asampling nozzle at a specific velocity and flow rate, and the particles are separated mechanically by a cyclone. The cyclone isdesigned to efficiently separate and collect particles approximately 5-m mean aerodynamic diameter and larger. Howe
11、ver, muchsmaller particles are also collected at unknown efficiencies. The sampling system allows for height, air flow, and suction1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D22 on Air Quality and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.Current edition appr
12、oved Aug. 15, 2011March 1, 2017. Published August 2011March 2017. Originally approved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 20052011 asD5438 05.D5438 11. DOI: 10.1520/D5438-11.10.1520/D5438-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service a
13、t serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.4 The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the
14、end of this standard.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that us
15、ers consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1adjustments to reproduce sy
16、stematically a specific air velocity for the removal of particulate matter from carpeted and bare floorsurfaces, so that these sampling conditions can be repeated.NOTE 1Side-by-side comparison of the HVS3 and a conventional upright vacuum cleaner revealed that both collected particles down to at lea
17、st 0.2m and that the HVS3 was more efficient at collecting particles smaller than 20 m than conventional vacuum cleaners (5). If desired, a fine-particle filtermay be added downstream of the cyclone to collect 99.9 % of particles above 0.2 m aerodynamic mean diameter.4.3 The particulate matter in th
18、e air stream is collected in a catch bottle attached to the bottom of the collection cyclone. Thiscatch bottle shall be capped for storage of the sample and transported to the laboratory for analysis.5. Significance and Use5.1 This practice may be used to collect dust from carpeted or bare floor sur
19、faces for gravimetric or chemical analysis. Thecollected sample is substantially unmodified by the sampling procedure.5.2 This practice provides for a reproducible dust removal rate from level loop and plush carpets, as well as bare floors. It hasthe ability to achieve relatively constant removal ef
20、ficiency at different loadings of surface dust.5.3 This practice also provides for the efficient capture of semivolatile organic chemicals associated with the dust. The testsystem can be fitted with special canisters downstream of the cyclone for the capture of specific semivolatile organic chemical
21、sthat may volatilize from the dust particles during collection.5.4 This practice does not describe procedures for evaluation of the safety of floor surfaces or the potential human exposure tocarpet dust. It is the users responsibility to evaluate the data collected by this practice and make such det
22、erminations in the lightof other available information.6. Interferences6.1 There are no known interferences to the determination of dust loadings covered by this practice.7. Apparatus7.1 Sampling Apparatus, which may be acquired commercially5 (as shown in Fig. 1) or constructed as follows:7.1.1 The
23、dimensions of the sampling apparatus (nozzle size, cyclone diameter, cyclone inlet diameter, etc.) are interdependent.The flow rate must produce a sufficient velocity both at the sampled surface and in the cyclone. The cyclone must have a cutdiameter of 5 m at the same velocity that will provide a h
24、orizontal velocity of 40 cm/s at 10 mm from the nozzle in the carpetmaterial, or 5 mm from the nozzle on bare floors. The fundamental principles of this device have been discussed in detail inRoberts,Roberts et alal. (1-3).7.1.2 NozzleThe edges and corners of the sampling nozzle shall be rounded to
25、prevent catching the carpet material.The nozzlemust be constructed to allow for sufficient suction to separate loose particles from the carpet or bare floor and carry them to thecyclone. It must have an adjustment mechanism to establish the nozzle lip parallel to the surface and to achieve the prope
26、r suctionvelocity and pressure drop across the nozzle.Anozzle 12.4 cm long and 1 cm wide, with a 13-mm flange and tapered to the nozzletubing at no more than 30, will yield the appropriate velocities when operated as specified in Section 11.7.1.3 GasketsGaskets in joints should be of a material appr
27、opriate to avoid sample contamination.7.1.4 CycloneThe cyclone shall be of a specific size such that a given air flow allows for separation of the particles 5-m meanaerodynamic diameter and larger. The cyclone must be made of aluminum or stainless steel, and the catch bottle must be madeof clear gla
28、ss or fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) to avoid contamination and allow the operator to see the sample.5 The sampling device used in the development and performance evaluation of this test method (P/N HVS3) was manufactured by CS-3, Inc., http:/www.cs-, whichis the sole source of supply of the s
29、ampler known to the committee at this time. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to the Committeeon Standards, ASTM Headquarters, 100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsiblete
30、chnical committee, which you may attend.FIG. 1 Floor Dust Sampler Using a Commercial Vacuum Cleaner as the Suction SourceD5438 1727.1.5 Flow Control SystemThe flow control system shall allow for substantial volume adjustment. The suction source mustbe capable of drawing 12 L/s through the system wit
31、h no restrictions other than the nozzle, cyclone, and flow control systemconnected.An upright commercial vacuum cleaner with a seven amp or greater motor capable of pulling a vacuum of 6.5 kPa maybe used for this purpose.7.1.6 Flow Measuring and Suction GaugesTwo vacuum gauges are required one with
32、a range of 0 to 3.7 kPa is used forsetting flow rate and another with a range of 0 to 2.5 kPa is used to set the pressure drop across the vacuum nozzle.7.1.7 Optional filter holder assembly with appropriate fine particle filter, such as a 25-cm micro-quartz-fibre, binderless,acid-washed filter.67.2
33、Other Equipment:7.2.1 Stopwatch.7.2.2 Masking Tape and Marking Pen, for outlining sections for sampling.7.2.3 Clean Aluminum Foil and Clean Glass or FEP Jars, for the collection and storage of samples.7.2.4 Thermometer (see Specification E1, E1137/E1137M, or E2251).7.2.5 Relative Humidity Meter (see
34、 Test Method E337, Method A, which allows use of alternative thermometers).7.2.6 Shaker Sieve, as specified in Test Method D422, with 100 mesh-screen above the pan to separate the fine dust below 150m.7.2.7 Analytical Balance, sensitive to at least 0.1 mg and having a weighing range from 0.1 mg to 1
35、000 g.8. Reagents and Materials8.1 Purity of ReagentsReagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that allreagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, wheresuch specifications
36、are available (6).8.2 Methanol is required for sampling train cleaning after sample collection.9. Sampling Strategy9.1 The overall sampling strategy should be designed to address the goals of the study. Users should consider factors such asfoot traffic volume, types of activities, proximity to poten
37、tial sources, etc. The sampling strategy should be described in thesampling report so it can be taken into consideration when readers are comparing loadings or concentrations, or both, to thoseobtained from other studies. The ideal sampling location(s) for the beginning of the test procedure are an
38、area that conforms withthe protocol for the users overall sampling strategy. For example, when sampling in a home for child exposure assessment,protocol may require the selection of a carpeted area for sampling where small children play or are likely to play.10. Pretest Preparation and Calibration10
39、.1 CalibrationThe sampling system described in this practice does not have any calibrated flow devices other than thecyclone and the Magnehelic gauges.The cyclone used for the separation of the particles must be designed to give proper separationat varying flow rates throughout the sampling range of
40、 the system. The pressure gauges and any other devices (that is, temperaturegauge) used for testing purposes should be calibrated against a primary standard.10.1.1 Pressure GaugesPressure gauges shall be calibrated against an inclined manometer or other primary standard prior toany field test. One m
41、eans of checking a Magnehelic gauge is to set a flow rate through the sampling system with a manometer andthen switch to the Magnehelic gauge. If the difference in the readings is more than 3 %, the gauge is leaking or is in need of repairor calibration. This should be done at two different flow rat
42、es when checking the gauge.10.1.2 The cyclone flow measurement is calibrated with a laminar flow element, spirometer, or roots meter. See the appendixfor cyclone calibration with a laminar flow element.6 A filter holder for circular 25cm particle filters and flow control valve assembly which replace
43、s the normal flow control assembly is available from the manufacturerof the floor vacuum device.D5438 17310.2 Pretest Preparation:10.2.1 Each catch bottle to be used shall be clean and inspected for any contamination. The bottles should be marked withmasking tape and a marking pen for identification
44、 of the test site, time, and date.10.2.2 The sampling train shall be inspected to ensure that it has been cleaned and assembled properly.10.2.3 The sampling train shall be leak-checked prior to sampling. This can be accomplished by placing a mailing envelope ora piece of cardboard beneath the nozzle
45、 and switching on the suction source. The flow Magnehelic gauge should read 5 Pa (0.02in. H2O) or less to ensure that the system is leak free. If any leakage is detected, the system shall be inspected for the cause andcorrected before use.11. Sampling11.1 Sampling a Carpeted Floor:11.1.1 Pre-Test Su
46、rveyImmediately prior to testing, complete a data form recording all requested information and sketch thearea to be sampled. (See Fig. 2 for a sample data form.)11.1.2 Select a sampling area in accordance with the established protocol for your sampling campaign. This should bedetermined prior to tes
47、ting.11.1.3 A typical sampling procedure may use measuring tapes placed on the carpet so that they are parallel to each other andon either side of the portion of carpet to be sampled (Fig. 3). The measuring tapes should be between 0.5 and 1.5-m apart andextended as far as practical. They should be t
48、aped to the carpet with masking tape every 30 cm.11.1.4 Place the sampler in one corner of the sampling area and adjust the flow rate and pressure drop according to the typeof carpet (see 11.1.8). The two factors that affect the efficiency of the sampling system are the flow rate and pressure drop a
49、t thenozzle. The pressure drop at the nozzle is a function of the flow rate and distance between the surface and the nozzle flange.11.1.5 Clean the wheels and nozzle lip with a clean laboratory tissue immediately before sampling. Begin sampling by movingthe nozzle between the ends of the two measuring tapes. The sampler is then moved back and forth four times on the first strip,moving the sampler at approximately 0.5 m/s. (The widths of the strips are defined by the width of the sampling nozzle.) Effectivenozzle width is 13 cm for the CS3 sampl
