1、Designation: D5444 15Standard Test Method forMechanical Size Analysis of Extracted Aggregate1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5444; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determinationof the particle size distribution of fine and coarse aggregatesextracted from bitumi
3、nous mixtures using sieves with squareopenings.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility
4、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD
5、2172 Test Methods for Quantitative Extraction of BitumenFrom Bituminous Paving MixturesD6307 Test Method forAsphalt Content of Hot-MixAsphaltby Ignition MethodE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves2.2 AASHTO Standard:3AASHTO Test Method T 30 Mechanical Analysis of Ex-tracte
6、d Aggregate3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method is used to determine the grading ofaggregates extracted from bituminous mixtures. The results areused to determine compliance of the particle size distributionwith applicable specifications requirements, and to providenecessary data for control
7、of the production of various aggre-gates to be used in bituminous mixtures.4. Apparatus4.1 Balances, or scales, readable to 0.1 g and accurate to 0.1g or 0.1 % of the test load, whichever is greater, at any pointwithin the range of use.4.2 Sieves, with square openings, mounted on substantialframes c
8、onstructed in a manner that will prevent the loss ofmaterials during sieving. Suitable sieve sizes shall be selectedto furnish the information required by the specificationscovering the material to be tested. The woven wire cloth sievesshall conform to the requirements of Specification E11.4.3 Mecha
9、nical Sieve ShakerIf used, it shall impart avertical, or lateral and vertical, motion to the sieve, causing theparticles thereon to bounce and turn so as to present differentorientations to the sieving surface. The sieving action shall besuch that the criterion for adequacy of sieving described in 6
10、.8is met in a reasonable time period.4.4 Oven, of appropriate size, capable of maintaining auniform temperature of 110 6 5C.4.5 ContainerA pan or vessel of a size sufficient tocontain the sample covered with water and to permit vigorousagitation without loss of any of the sample or water.5. Sample5.
11、1 The sample shall consist of the entire sample of aggre-gate from Test Method D2172 or Test Method D6307.5.1.1 Aggregate extracted by the ignition method in TestMethod D6307 shall not be used for gradation analysis if thecorrection factor obtained in Test Method D6307 is greaterthan 1.0 (see Note 1
12、).5.2 The size of the test sample shall be governed by thenominal maximum aggregate size and shall conform to themass requirements shown in Table 1.NOTE 1The temperatures used during the ignition method of asphaltcontent determination can cause temperature-related deterioration, such as1This test me
13、thod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 onAggregate Tests.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2015. Published March 2015. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D5444 08. DOI:
14、10.1520/D5444-15.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American Association of Stat
15、e Highway and TransportationOfficials (AASHTO), 444 N. Capitol St., NW, Suite 249, Washington, DC 20001,http:/www.transportation.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1calcination of some carbonate minerals, and quartz ph
16、ase transitions.4These reactions can result in particle breakdown, which will yieldgradation results that are finer than the actual material that was used in themixture.6. Procedure6.1 Dry the sample at 110 6 5C to constant weight.Determine the weight to the nearest 0.1 % of the sampleweight. The to
17、tal weight of aggregate in the bituminousmixture being tested is the sum of the weights of the driedaggregates and the mineral matter contained in the extractedbitumen. When using Test Method D2172, the latter is to betaken as the sum of the weight of ash in the extract and theincrease in weight of
18、the filter element as determined in the testmethod.6.2 After drying and weighing the test sample, place it in acontainer and cover it with water. Add a sufficient amount ofwetting agent to ensure a thorough separation of the materialfiner than the 75-m sieve from the coarser particles (see Note2). T
19、he contents of the container shall be agitated vigorouslyand the washwater poured immediately over a nest of twosieves consisting of a 2.00 or 1.18-mm sieve superimposed ona 75-m sieve. The use of a large spoon to stir and agitate theaggregate in the washwater has been found satisfactory.NOTE 2Wetti
20、ng agents may include any dispersing agent such as aliquid detergent, or a soap, that will promote the separation of finematerial. There should be enough wetting agent to produce a small amountof suds when the sample is agitated. The quantity of wetting agent willdepend on the hardness of the water
21、and quality of the agent. Excessivesuds may overflow the sieves and carry some material with them.6.3 The agitation shall be sufficiently vigorous to result incomplete separation from the coarse particles of all particlesfiner than the 75-m sieve and to bring them into suspension sothat they may be
22、removed by decantation of the washwater.Take care to avoid decantation of the coarse particles of thesample as much as possible. Repeat the operation until anywetting agent used is removed and the washwater is clear.6.4 Return all material retained on the nested sieves to thecontainer. Dry the washe
23、d aggregate in the container toconstant weight at a temperature not to exceed the mixturelaboratory compaction temperature +5C and not less than105C, and weigh to the nearest 0.1 % of the original dryweight of the sample.6.5 Then sieve the aggregate over sieves of the various sizesrequired by the sp
24、ecification covering the mixture, includingthe 75-m sieve. Record the weight of material passing eachsieve and retained on the next and the amount passing the75-m sieve. The summation of these various weights mustcheck the dried weight after washing within 0.2 % of the totalweight.Add the weight of
25、dry material passing the 75-m sieveby dry sieving to the weight of mineral matter in the bitumenand the weight removed by washing in order to obtain the totalpassing the 75-m sieve. If it is desired to check the weight ofmaterial washed through the 75-m sieve, the washwater maybe evaporated to dryne
26、ss or filtered through a tared filter paperthat is dried and weighed subsequently. Convert the weights offractions retained on the various sieves and the total passing the75-m sieve to percentages by dividing each by the totalweight of aggregate in the bituminous mixture from 6.1.6.6 Nest the sieves
27、 in order of decreasing size of openingfrom top to bottom, and place the sample on the top sieve.Agitate the sieves by hand or by mechanical apparatus for asufficient period, established by trial or checked by measure-ment on the actual test sample, to meet the criterion foradequacy of sieving descr
28、ibed in 6.7.6.7 Limit the quantity of material on a given sieve so that allparticles have the opportunity to reach sieve openings anumber of times during the sieving operation. For sieves withopenings smaller than 4.75-mm (No. 4), the weight retained onany sieve at the completion of the sieving oper
29、ation shall notexceed 6 kg/m2of sieving surface. For sieves with openings4.75 mm (No. 4) and larger, the weight in kg/m2of sievingsurface shall not exceed the product of 2.5 (sieve opening inmm). In no case shall the weight be so great as to causepermanent deformation of the sieve cloth.6.8 Continue
30、 sieving for a sufficient period and in suchmanner that, after completion, not more than 0.5 % by weightof the total sample passes any sieve during 1 min of continuoushand sieving performed as follows: hold the individual sieve,provided with a snug-fitting pan and cover, in a slightlyinclined positi
31、on in one hand. Strike the side of the sievesharply and with an upward motion against the inclinedposition in one hand. Strike the side of the sieve sharply andwith an upward motion against the heel of the other hand at arate of approximately 150 times per minute, turning the sieveapproximately one-
32、sixth of a revolution at intervals of approxi-mately 25 strokes. In determining the sufficiency of sieving forsizes larger than the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, limit the materialson the sieve to a single layer of particles. If the size of themounted testing sieves makes the described sieving motionimprac
33、tical, use 203-mm diameter sieves to verify the suffi-ciency of sieving.7. Calculation7.1 Calculate the results of the sieve analysis as follows: (1)total percentages passing each sieve, (2) total percentagesretained on each sieve, or (3) percentages retained betweenconsecutive sieves, depending on
34、the form of the specificationsfor use of the material under test. Calculate percentages to thenearest 0.1 %.8. Report8.1 Depending on the form of the specification for use of thematerial under test, report the following information:4Information presented by Chris Rogers at the Annual Symposium of th
35、e“International Center for Aggregate Research,” April, 2004, Denver, CO.TABLE 1 Size of SampleNominal MaximumAggregate SizeMinimum Mass ofSample, kg4.75 mm (No. 4) 0.59.5 mm 112.5 mm 1.519.0 mm 225.0 mm 337.5 mm 4D5444 1528.1.1 Total percentage of material passing each sieve, or8.1.2 Total percentag
36、e of material retained on each sieve, or8.1.3 Percentage of material retained between consecutivesieves.8.2 Report percentages to the nearest whole number exceptfor the percentage passing the 75-m (No. 200) sieve, whichshall be reported to the nearest 0.1 %.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionThe esti
37、mates of precision for this testmethod are listed in Table 2. The estimates are based on theresults from the AASHTO Materials Reference LaboratoryProficiency Sample Program, with testing conducted byAASHTO Test Method T 30. The data are based on analyses ofthe test results from 47 to 133 laboratorie
38、s who tested 14 pairsof proficiency test samples (Samples No. 1 through 28). Thevalues in the table are given for different ranges of total percentof aggregate passing a sieve.9.2 BiasThis test method has no bias since the valuesdetermined can be defined only in terms of this test method.10. Keyword
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44、: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 2 PrecisionTotal Percent ofMaterial PassingStandardDeviation(1s), %AAcceptableRange ofTwoResults(d2s),A%Extracted Aggregate:BSingle-operator precision 0 0.2 0.5Multilaboratory precision 0 0.3 0.9AThese numbers represent, respectively, the (1s) and (d2s) limits described inPractice C670.BThe precision estimates are based on aggregates with nominal maximum sizesof 19.0 to 9.5 mm.D5444 153
