1、Designation: D5450/D5450M 11Standard Test Method forTransverse Tensile Properties of Hoop Wound PolymerMatrix Composite Cylinders1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5450/D5450M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test me
3、thod determines the transverse tensile prop-erties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced byhigh-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoopwound (90) cylinders in axial tension for determination oftransverse tensile properties.1.2 The technical content of this standard has been s
4、tablesince 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders.As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of thisstandard, changes since that date have been limited to itemsrequired to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Commit-tee standards, including editorial changes and in
5、corporation ofupdated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environ-mental testing. The standard, therefore, should not be consid-ered to include any significant changes in approach andpractice since 1993. Future maintenance of the standard willonly be in response to specific requests and perform
6、ed only astechnical support allows.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each systemmust be used independently of the other. Combining valuesfrom the two systems may
7、 result in nonconformance with thestandard.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown inbrackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
8、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD2584 Test Method for Ignitio
9、n Loss of Cured ReinforcedResinsD2734 Test Methods for Void Content of Reinforced Plas-ticsD3171 Test Methods for Constituent Content of CompositeMaterialsD3878 Terminology for Composite MaterialsD5229/D5229M Test Method for Moisture AbsorptionProperties and Equilibrium Conditioning of Polymer Ma-tr
10、ix Composite MaterialsD5448/D5448M Test Method for Inplane Shear Propertiesof Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix Composite CylindersD5449/D5449M Test Method for Transverse CompressiveProperties of Hoop Wound Polymer Matrix CompositeCylindersE4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing MachinesE6 Terminolog
11、y Relating to Methods of Mechanical TestingE111 Test Method for Youngs Modulus, Tangent Modulus,and Chord ModulusE122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristicof a Lot or ProcessE132 Test Method for Poissons Ratio at Room Tempera-ture
12、E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias inASTM Test MethodsE251 Test Methods for Performance Characteristics of Me-tallic Bonded Resistance Strain Gauges1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D30 onComposite Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommit
13、tee D30.04 onLamina and Laminate Test Methods.Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2011. Published December 2011. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5450/D5450M 93(2006). DOI: 10.1520/D5450_D5450M-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.or
14、g, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.E456 Terminol
15、ogy Relating to Quality and StatisticsE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test MethodE1012 Practice for Verification of Test Frame and SpecimenAlignment Under Tensile and Compressive Axial ForceApplicationE1237 Guide for Installing Bonded Resistance S
16、train Gages3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsTerminology D3878 defines terms relatingto high-modulus fibers and their composites. TerminologyD883 defines terms relating to plastics.Terminology E6 definesterms relating to mechanical testing. Terminology E456 andPractice E177 define terms relating to stati
17、stics. In the event ofa conflict between terms, Terminology D3878 shall haveprecedence over other standards.NOTE 1If the term represents a physical quantity, its analyticaldimensions are stated immediately following the term (or letter symbol) infundamental dimension form, using the following ASTM s
18、tandard sym-bology for fundamental dimensions, shown within square brackets: Mfor mass, L for length, T for time, u for thermodynamic temperature,and nd for non-dimensional quantities. Use of these symbols is restrictedto analytical dimensions when used with square brackets, as the symbolsmay have o
19、ther definitions when used without the brackets.3.2 Descriptions of Terms:3.2.1 hoop wound, na winding of a cylindrical componentwhere the filaments are circumferentially oriented.3.2.2 specimen, na single part cut from a winding. Eachwinding may yield several specimens.3.2.3 transverse tensile elas
20、tic modulus, E22ML1T2,nthe tensile elastic modulus of a unidirectional material inthe direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers.3.2.4 transverse tensile strain at failure, 22utnd, nthevalue of strain, perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers in aunidirectional material, at failure when a tens
21、ile force isapplied in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers.3.2.5 transverse tensile strength, s22ut,ML1T2, nthestrength of a unidirectional material when a tensile force isapplied in the direction perpendicular to the reinforcing fibers.3.2.6 winding, nan entire part completed by o
22、ne windingoperation and then cured.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A thin walled hoop wound cylinder nominally 100 mm4 in. in diameter and 140 mm 5.5 in. in length is bondedinto two end fixtures. The specimen/fixture assembly ismounted in the testing machine and monotonically loaded intension while rec
23、ording force. The transverse tensile strengthcan be determined from the maximum force carried prior tofailure. If the cylinder strain is monitored with strain gages,then the stress-strain response of the material can be deter-mined. From the stress-strain response the transverse tensilestrain at fai
24、lure, transverse tensile modulus of elasticity, andPoissons ratio can be derived.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is used to produce transverse tensileproperty data for material specifications, research and devel-opment, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis.Factors which
25、influence the transverse tensile response andshould, therefore, be reported are: material, methods of mate-rial preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning,environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping,speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction.Properties, in th
26、e test direction, which may be obtained fromthis test method include:5.1.1 Transverse Tensile Strength, s22ut,5.1.2 Transverse Tensile Strain at Failure, 22ut,5.1.3 Transverse Tensile Modulus of Elasticity, E22, and5.1.4 Poissons Ratio, y21.6. Interference6.1 Material and Specimen PreparationPoor ma
27、terialfabrication practices, lack of control of fiber alignment, anddamage induced by improper specimen machining are knowncauses of high material data scatter in composites.6.2 Bonding Specimens to Test FixturesAhigh percentageof failures in or near the bond between the test specimen andthe test fi
28、xtures, especially when combined with high materialdata scatter, is an indicator of specimen bonding problems.Specimen to fixture bonding is discussed in 11.5.6.3 System AlignmentExcessive bending may cause pre-mature failure, as well as highly inaccurate modulus ofelasticity determination. Every ef
29、fort should be made to elimi-nate excess bending from the test system. Bending may occurdue to misaligned grips, misaligned specimens in the testfixtures, or from departures of the specimen from tolerancerequirements. The alignment should always be checked asdiscussed in 13.2.7. Apparatus7.1 Microme
30、ters, suitable ball type for reading to within0.025 6 0.010 mm 0.001 6 0.0004 in. of the specimen innerand outer diameters. Flat anvil type micrometer or calipers ofsimilar resolution may be used for the overall specimen lengthand the gage length (the free length between the fixtures).7.2 Tension Fi
31、xtureThe tension fixture consists of a steelouter shell, insert, load rod, and spherical washer.An assemblydrawing for these components and the test fixture is seen inFig. 1.FIG. 1 Assembly Drawing for Tension Fixture and SpecimenD5450/D5450M 1127.2.1 Outer ShellThe outer shell (metric units Fig. 2,
32、english units Fig. 3) is circular with a concentric circularhollow in one face, a grove along the diameter of the otherface, and a center hole through the thickness. Along thediameter perpendicular to the grove, three pairs of smalleccentric holes are placed at three radial distances. The twoouter p
33、airs of holes are threaded. Four additional threadedholes are placed at the same radial distance as the innermostpair of holes, at ninety degree intervals starting forty-fivedegrees from the diameter that passes through the center grove.7.2.2 InsertThe fixture insert is circular with a center holeth
34、rough the thickness (metric units Fig. 4, english units Fig. 5).Two sets of holes are placed along a concentric centerline.These holes align with the innermost set of holes in the outershell. The set of four holes at ninety degree intervals arecounterbored. The insert is fastened inside the hollow o
35、f theouter shell to form the concentric grove used to put thespecimen in the fixture (Fig. 1).7.2.3 Load Rod and Spherical WashersTwo sphericalwashers for self alignment are placed over a 0.750-UNC-2A 3 6.0 inch load rod. The load rod is then slid through thecenter hole of the outer shell and insert
36、 assembly as illustratedin Fig. 1.7.2.4 The outer shell and insert for the tension fixture are thesame outer shell and insert used for the fixtures in TestMethods D5448/D5448M and D5449/D5449M.7.3 Testing Machine, comprised of the following:7.3.1 Fixed MemberA fixed or essentially stationarymember t
37、o which one end of the tension specimen/fixtureassembly, shown in Fig. 1, can be attached.7.3.2 Movable MemberA movable member to which theopposite end of the tension specimen/fixture assembly, shownin Fig. 1, can be attached.7.3.3 Drive Mechanism, for imparting to the movable mem-ber a uniform cont
38、rolled velocity with respect to the fixedmember, this velocity to be regulated as specified in 11.6.7.3.4 Force IndicatorA suitable force-indicating mecha-nism capable of showing the total tensile force carried by thetest specimen. This mechanism shall be essentially free ofinertia-lag at the specif
39、ied rate of testing and shall indicate theforce within an accuracy of 61 % of the actual value, or better.The accuracy of the testing machine shall be verified inaccordance with Practice E4.7.3.5 Construction MaterialsThe fixed member, movablemember, drive mechanism, and fixtures shall be constructe
40、d ofsuch materials and in such proportions that the total longitu-dinal deformation of the system contributed by these parts isminimized.7.4 Strain-Indicating DeviceForce versus strain data shallbe determined by means of bonded resistance strain gages.Each strain gage shall be 6.3 mm 0.25 in. in len
41、gth. Thespecimen shall be instrumented to measure strain in both theaxial and circumferential directions to determine Poissonsratio. Strain gage rosettes (0/45/90) shall be used to correctfor gage misalignment. Gage calibration certification shallcomply with Test Method E251. Some guidelines on the
42、use ofFIG. 2 The Outer Shell of the Tension Fixture in Metric UnitsFIG. 3 The Outer Shell of the Tension Fixture in English UnitsFIG. 4 The Insert of the Tensile Fixture in Metric UnitsD5450/D5450M 113strain gages on composites are as follows. A general referenceon the subject is Tuttle and Brinson.
43、37.4.1 Surface PreparationThe surface preparation offiber-reinforced composites, discussed in Practice E1237, canpenetrate the matrix material and cause damage to the rein-forcing fibers, resulting in improper specimen failures. Rein-forcing fibers should not be exposed or damaged during thesurface
44、preparation process. The strain gage manufacturershould be consulted regarding surface preparation guidelinesand recommended bonding agents for composites, pending thedevelopment of a set of standard practices for strain gageinstallation surface preparation of fiber-reinforced compositematerials.7.4
45、.2 Gage ResistanceConsideration should be given tothe selection of gages having larger resistance to reduceheating effects on low-conductivity materials. Resistances of350V or higher are preferred.Additional considerations shouldbe given to the use of the minimum possible gage excitationvoltage cons
46、istent with the desired accuracy (1 to 2 volts isrecommended) to further reduce the power consumed by thegage. Heating of the specimen by the gage may affect theperformance of the material directly, or it may affect theindicated strain due to a difference between the gage tempera-ture compensation f
47、actor and the coefficient of thermal expan-sion of the specimen material.7.4.3 Temperature ConsiderationsConsideration of someform of temperature compensation is recommended, evenwhen testing at standard laboratory atmosphere. Temperaturecompensation is required when testing in nonambient tempera-tu
48、re environments.7.4.4 Transverse SensitivityConsideration should begiven to the transverse sensitivity of the selected strain gage.The strain gage manufacturer should be consulted for recom-mendations on transverse sensitivity corrections and effects oncomposites. This is particularly important for
49、a transverselymounted gage used to determine Poissons ratio.7.5 Conditioning ChamberWhen conditioning materialsat nonlaboratory environments, a temperature/vapor-level con-trolled environment conditioning chamber is required, whichshall be capable of maintaining the required temperature towithin 63C 65F and the required relative vapor level towithin 63 %. Chamber conditions shall be monitored either onan automated continuous basis or on a manual basis at regularintervals.7.6 Environmental Test ChamberAn environm
