1、Designation: D 5456 09aStandard Specification forEvaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONStructural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-useapplications. The composition
3、of the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, woodelement size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumberproducts require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response toend-use environments, and (2) establishment of
4、 and conformance to standard performance specifica-tions for quality.Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design propertiesand for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.The quality assurance sections in this
5、specification are intended to serve as a basis for designingquality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design valuesestablished in the qualification process are maintained.This specification is arranged as follows:SectionQualification 6Determination of Allowab
6、le Design Stresses 7Independent Inspection 8Quality Assurance 101. Scope1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of struc-tural glued products. Consequently, this specification coversboth specific procedures and statements of intent that samplingand analysis must relate to the specific produ
7、ct.1.2 This specification was developed in the light of cur-rently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials thatdo not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X1.1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond thescop
8、e of this specification.NOTE 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affectthe properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time.Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on thistopic in Appendix X1.1.4 This specification primarily considers
9、 end use in dryservice conditions, such as with most protected framing mem-bers, where the average equilibrium moisture content forsolid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning envi-ronment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is
10、affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, andadhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products pro-duced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated todetermine their product properties, regardless of the similarityin characteristics to products produced by other manufactur
11、ers.Where a manufacturer produces product in more than onefacility, each production facility shall be evaluated indepen-dently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to thefull qualification program in accordance with this specificationshall be approved by the independent qualifying ag
12、ency.1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers,regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate acomposite lumber product intended for use as a structuralmaterial.1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and de
13、sign valueassignments. Requirements for a quality-control program andcumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance ofallowable design values for the product.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02
14、on Lumber and EngineeredWood Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published June 2009. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D 5456 09.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.1.8 This
15、 specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable tostructural composite lumber portions of manufactured struc-tural components.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for i
16、nformation onlyand are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of reg
17、ulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC 384 Test Method for Impedance and Absorption ofAcoustical Materials by Impedance Tube
18、 MethodC 423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Ab-sorption Coefficients by the Reverberation Room MethodD9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Prod-uctsD 143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD 150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric
19、Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD 198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber in StructuralSizesD 245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded LumberD 669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and PermittivityParallel with Laminations of
20、Laminated Sheet and PlateMaterialsD 1037 Test Methods for Evaluating Properties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD 1666 Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests ofWood and Wood-Base MaterialsD 1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD 2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog Trac
21、king and Ero-sion Resistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD 2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing ofWood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD 2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD 2559 Specification for Adhesives for Structural Lami-nated Wood Products for
22、Use Under Exterior (Wet Use)Exposure ConditionsD 2718 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear(Rolling Shear)D 2915 Practice for Evaluating Allowable Properties forGrades of Structural LumberD 3201 Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD 3755
23、Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating MaterialsUnder Direct-Voltage StressD 4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measure-ment of Wood and Wood-Base MaterialsD 4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumberand Wood-Base Stru
24、ctural MaterialD 4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood andWood-Based MaterialsD 5055 Specification for Establishing and MonitoringStructural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-JoistsD 5457 Specification for Computing Reference Resistanceof Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections forLo
25、ad and Resistance Factor DesignD 5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-BearingStrength of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD 6815 Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Loadand Creep Effects of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD 7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength ofAdhesive Bonds in Lamin
26、ated Wood Products at ElevatedTemperaturesE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 96/E 96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsE119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Constructionand Materials2.2 CSA Standards:3CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives
27、O112-M Series3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsStandard definitions of wood terms aregiven in Terminology D9.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Exposure 1 durabilitya bond classification forwood-based products that are not permanently exposed to theweather. Wood-based products class
28、ified as Exposure 1 areintended to resist the effects of moisture on structural perfor-mance due to construction delays or other conditions of similarseverity.3.2.2 structural composite lumberin this specification,structural composite lumber (SCL) is any of laminated veneerlumber (LVL), parallel str
29、and lumber (PSL), laminated strandlumber (LSL), or oriented strand lumber (OSL). These mate-rials are intended for structural use and they shall be bondedwith an exterior adhesive.3.2.2.1 laminated strand lumbera composite of woodstrand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelength of
30、 the member. The least dimension of the strands shallnot exceed 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) and the average length shall bea minimum of 150 times the least dimension.3.2.2.2 laminated veneer lumbera composite of woodveneer sheet elements with wood fibers primarily oriented2For referenced ASTM standards, visi
31、t the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way,Mississauga, ON L4W 5N6,
32、Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.D 5456 09a2along the length of the member. Veneer thickness shall notexceed 0.25 in. (6.4 mm).3.2.2.3 oriented strand lumbera composite of woodstrand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelength of the member. The least dimension of the strands shallnot excee
33、d 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) and the average length shall bea minimum of 75 times the least dimension.3.2.2.4 parallel strand lumbera composite of wood ve-neer strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented alongthe length of the member. The least dimension of strands shallnot exceed 0.25 in. (6.4 mm)
34、and the average length shall be aminimum of 300 times the least dimension.3.2.3 DiscussionSCL has three mutually perpendiculardirections of orientation (see Fig. 1):L DirectionParallel to the longitudinal direction of the member.X DirectionParallel to a surface of the member and normal to the L dire
35、ction.Y DirectionNormal to both L and X direction.In this specification, longitudinal shear means shear stress inthe L-X and L-Y planes. Planar shear is stress in the X-Y plane.4. Materials4.1 Wood ElementsWood elements used in the fabricationof SCL products shall conform to 3.2.4.2 AdhesivesAdhesiv
36、es used in the fabrication of SCLproducts shall conform to the requirements in SpecificationD 2559. Alternatively, the durability of high temperature cur-ing adhesives can be evaluated with the procedures specified inAnnex A4.2 (see Note 2). For this procedure, the averagestrength retention shall be
37、 at least 50 %. In Canada, adhesivesshall conform to the appropriate section of CSA Standards for-Wood Adhesives, O112-M Series. In addition, adhesives usedfor LVL and PSL shall be qualified for heat durability perfor-mance in accordance with 4.2.1. X1.2.4 provides additionalinformation.NOTE 2Adhesi
38、ves evaluated by Annex A4.2 are only qualified forExposure 1 conditions; other conditions are beyond the scope of thisspecification. See the commentary and the section on Design andMechanical Property Concerns in Appendix X1 for further information.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that the bon
39、d betweenwood elements (veneers in LVL and strands in PSL) will exhibit similarmaterial resistance to solid wood in an elevated temperature environmentwhere the wood material surrounding the bond does not provide thermalprotection.4.2.1 Adhesive Heat Durability:4.2.1.1 Adhesives used for LVL and PSL
40、 shall be qualifiedfor heat durability performance through testing in accordancewith Test Method D 7247. The test temperature and heatexposure duration for specimens tested at elevated temperature(Section 7.2 of Test Method D 7247) shall meet the require-ments of Items (1), (2), and (3) below.(1) Fo
41、r the bonded specimens, the minimum target bond-line temperature shall be 428F (220C). For the matched solidwood control specimens, the minimum target temperature atthe shear plane shall be 428F (220C).(2) The minimum target temperatures of Item (1) shall bemaintained for a minimum of 10 min or unti
42、l achieving aresidual strength ratio for the solid wood control specimens of30 6 10 %, whichever is longer.(3) Block shear testing shall be conducted immediatelyafter removal from the oven such that the specimen bondline orshear plane temperature does not drop more than 9F (5C)after leaving the oven
43、 and prior to failure. This provision issatisfied when the time interval from the removal of thespecimen from the oven to the failure of the block shearspecimen does not exceed 60 s for each specimen tested andthe room temperature of the test laboratory at the time oftesting is not less than 60F (15
44、.5C).4.2.1.2 For adhesives tested in accordance with 4.2.1.1, theresidual shear strength ratio for the bonded specimens, ascalculated in accordance with Test Method D 7247, shall beequal to or higher than the lower 95 % confidence interval onthe mean residual shear strength ratio for the solid woodc
45、ontrol specimens.5. Mechanical Properties5.1 The characteristic value for SCL is a statistic derivedfrom test data as specified in 7.1. For bending and tensionparallel to grain, the characteristic value is obtained at the unitvolume as specified in 6.5.1 and 6.5.2.5.2 The design stress related to SC
46、L is derived from thecharacteristic value through application of the adjustmentslisted in Table 1 of this specification.5.3 The allowable design stress published for engineeringuse shall be derived from the design stress modified by factorsgiven in 7.3.FIG. 1 Orientations for Structural Composite Lu
47、mberTABLE 1 Adjustment FactorsNOTE 1Apparent modulus of elasticity is computed from a deforma-tion, and compression strength perpendicular to grain is established at adeformation limit. Neither is subject to load duration adjustments. Allother factors are the product of 1.62, that adjusts data to no
48、rmal durationas defined in 7.3.1 of Practice D 245, and an additional factor foruncertainty (see Appendix X3 for an explanation of the shear block testadjustment factor).Property Adjustment FactorApparent modulus of elasticity 1.00Bending strength 2.10Tensile strength parallel to grain 2.10Compressi
49、ve strength parallel to grain 1.90Longitudinal shear strengthShear block test 3.15Structural-size shear test 2.10Compressive strength perpendicular to grain 1.67D 5456 09a36. Qualification6.1 Samples for qualification testing shall be representativeof the population being evaluated. When an intentional modi-fication to the process results in a reduction in mechanicalproperties as indicated by the quality-control program, thennew qualification is required.6.1.1 Qualification tests shall be conducted or witnessed bya qualified agency in accordance with 8.1.
