1、Designation: D5456 13D5456 13aStandard Specification forEvaluation of Structural Composite Lumber Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5456; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONStructural composite lumber is intended for use as an engineering material for a variety of end-useapplications. The compos
3、ition of the lumber varies by wood species, adhesive composition, woodelement size, shape, and arrangement. To provide the intended performance, composite lumberproducts require: (1) an evaluation of the mechanical and physical properties and their response toend-use environments, and (2) establishm
4、ent of and conformance to standard performance specifica-tions for quality.Procedures contained in this specification are also to be used for establishing the design propertiesand for checking the effectiveness of property assignment and quality assurance procedures.The quality assurance sections in
5、 this specification are intended to serve as a basis for designingquality-control programs specific to each product. The objective is to ensure that design valuesestablished in the qualification process are maintained.This specification is arranged as follows:SectionQualification 6Determination of A
6、llowable DesignStresses7Independent Inspection 8Quality Assurance 101. Scope1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers bothspecific procedures and statements of intent that sampling and analysis must relate to the specific p
7、roduct.1.2 This specification was developed in the light of currently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do notconform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X1.1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the
8、 scope of this specification.NOTE 1There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time. Usersof this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this topic in Appendix X1.1.4 This specification primarily co
9、nsiders end use in dry service conditions, such as with most protected framing members,where the average equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %. The conditioning environment of 6.3 isconsidered representative of such uses.1.5 The performance of structural composite lumb
10、er is affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and adhesiveand production parameters. Therefore, products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine theirproduct properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manu
11、facturers. Where amanufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additionalproduction facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by theindependent qualify
12、ing agency.1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.02 on Lumber and Engineered WoodProducts.Current edition approved May 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2013. Published July 2013October 2013. Originally approved in 1993. Last pr
13、evious edition approved in 20122013 asD5456 12.D5456 13. DOI: 10.1520/D5456-13.10.1520/D5456-13a.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically p
14、ossible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700,
15、 West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States11.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate acomposite lumber product intended for use as a structural material.1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling,
16、mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design valueassignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance ofallowable design values for the product.1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composi
17、te lumber portions of manufactured structuralcomponents.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not
18、 purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2
19、C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measurements and Thermal Transmission Properties by Means of theGuarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC384 Test Method for Impedance and Absorption of Acoustical Materials by Impedance Tube MethodC423 Test Method for Sound Absorption and Sound Absorption Coefficients
20、 by the Reverberation Room MethodD9 Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of TimberD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Permittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical InsulationD198 Test Methods of Static Tests of Lumber
21、in Structural SizesD245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded LumberD669 Test Method for Dissipation Factor and Permittivity Parallel with Laminations of Laminated Sheet and Plate Materials(Withdrawn 2012)3D1037 Test Methods for Evaluating P
22、roperties of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel MaterialsD1583 Test Method for Hydrogen Ion Concentration of Dry Adhesive FilmsD1666 Test Methods for Conducting Machining Tests of Wood and Wood-Base Panel MaterialsD1761 Test Methods for Mechanical Fasteners in WoodD2132 Test Method for Dust-and-Fog
23、Tracking and Erosion Resistance of Electrical Insulating MaterialsD2394 Test Methods for Simulated Service Testing of Wood and Wood-Base Finish FlooringD2395 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD2559 Specification for Adhesives for Bonded Structural Wood Products for Us
24、e Under Exterior Exposure ConditionsD2718 Test Methods for Structural Panels in Planar Shear (Rolling Shear)D2915 Practice for Sampling and Data-Analysis for Structural Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3201 Test Method for Hygroscopic Properties of Fire-Retardant Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD3755 Test M
25、ethod for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials UnderDirect-Voltage Stress (Withdrawn 2013)3D4300 Test Methods for Ability of Adhesive Films to Support or Resist the Growth of FungiD4442 Test Methods for Direct Moisture Content Measurement of W
26、ood and Wood-Base MaterialsD4761 Test Methods for Mechanical Properties of Lumber and Wood-Base Structural MaterialD4933 Guide for Moisture Conditioning of Wood and Wood-Based MaterialsD5055 Specification for Establishing and Monitoring Structural Capacities of Prefabricated Wood I-JoistsD5457 Speci
27、fication for Computing Reference Resistance of Wood-Based Materials and Structural Connections for Load andResistance Factor DesignD5764 Test Method for Evaluating Dowel-Bearing Strength of Wood and Wood-Based ProductsD6815 Specification for Evaluation of Duration of Load and Creep Effects of Wood a
28、nd Wood-Based ProductsD7247 Test Method for Evaluating the Shear Strength of Adhesive Bonds in Laminated Wood Products at ElevatedTemperaturesD7480 Guide for Evaluating the Attributes of a Forest Management PlanE84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building MaterialsE96/E96M Test Me
29、thods for Water Vapor Transmission of Materials2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last app
30、roved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D5456 13a2E119 Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction and Materials2.2 CSA Standards:4CSA Standards for Wood Adhesives O112-M SeriesCSA O325 Construction Sheathing2.3 Other Standards:ISO/IEC 17020 General Criteria
31、for the Operation of Various Types of Bodies Performing Inspection5US Product Standard PS 2 Performance Standard for Wood-Based Structural-Use Panels3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsStandard definitions of wood terms are given in Terminology D9.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 Ex
32、posure 1 durabilitya bond classification for wood-based products that are not permanently exposed to the weather.3.2.1.1 DiscussionWood-based products classified as Exposure 1 are intended to resist the effects of moisture on structural performance due toconstruction delays or other conditions of si
33、milar severity.3.2.2 structural composite lumber (SCL)in this specification, structural composite lumber (SCL) is any of laminated veneerlumber (LVL), parallel strand lumber (PSL), laminated strand lumber (LSL), oriented strand lumber (OSL), or laminated veneerbamboo (LVB), which are intended for st
34、ructural use and bonded with an exterior adhesive.3.2.2.1 laminated strand lumber (LSL)a composite of wood strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelongitudinal axis of the member, where the least dimension of the wood strand elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) or less and theiraverag
35、e lengths are a minimum of 150 times the least dimension of the wood strand elements.3.2.2.2 laminated veneer bamboo (LVB)a composite of bamboo strand elements, edge-bonded to form veneer sheets whichare then face-bonded to form finished products, with bamboo fibers primarily oriented along the long
36、itudinal axis of the memberwhere the least dimension of strand elements is 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less and their average strand lengths are a minimum of 300times the least dimension of the bamboo strand elements (see X1.2).3.2.2.3 laminated veneer lumber (LVL)a composite of wood veneer sheet elements
37、with wood fibers primarily oriented alongthe longitudinal axis of the member, where the veneer element thicknesses are 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less.3.2.2.4 oriented strand lumber (OSL)a composite of wood strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented along thelongitudinal axis of the member, where
38、 the least dimension of the wood strand elements is 0.10 in. (2.54 mm) or less and theiraverage lengths are a minimum of 75 times the least dimension of the wood strand elements.3.2.2.5 parallel strand lumber (PSL)a composite of wood veneer strand elements with wood fibers primarily oriented alongth
39、e longitudinal axis of the member, where the least dimension of wood veneer strand elements is 0.25 in. (6.4 mm) or less andtheir average lengths are a minimum of 300 times the least dimension of the wood veneer strand elements.3.2.3 DiscussionSCL has three mutually perpendicular directions of orien
40、tation (see Fig. 1):L DirectionParallel to the longitudinal direction of the member.X DirectionParallel to a surface of the member and normal to the L direction.Y DirectionNormal to both L and X direction.4 Available from Canadian Standards Association (CSA), 5060 Spectrum Way, Mississauga, ON L4W 5
41、N6, Canada, http:/www.csa.ca.5 Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse, CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, http:/www.iso.org.FIG. 1 Orientations for Structural Composite LumberD5456 13a3In this specification, longitudinal shear means shear st
42、ress in the L-X and L-Y planes. Planar shear is stress in the X-Y plane.3.2.4 SCL adhesive, na material used for adhesion in the manufacturing of SCL products, which could be an SCL binder ornon-binder adhesive.3.2.5 SCL binder adhesive, nan adhesive that bonds wood elements, such as flakes, strands
43、, particles, or fibers, of SCLproducts and usually does not form a continuous bondline.3.2.5.1 DiscussionCurrent examples of SCL binders include those systems used in the production of LSL and OSL.3.2.6 SCLnon-binder adhesive, nan adhesive that bonds wood elements, such as veneers and veneer strand
44、elements, of SCLproducts that is intended to completely cover all of the gluing surfaces.3.2.6.1 DiscussionCurrent examples of SCL non-binder adhesives include those systems used in the production of LVL, PSL and LVB.4. Materials4.1 GeneralStructural composite lumber materials conforming to this spe
45、cification meet the definition of a bio-based productin accordance with 3.3.1 of Guide D7480.4.2 Wood ElementsWood elements used in the fabrication of SCL products shall conform to 3.2.4.3 Adhesives4.3.1 Non-Binder AdhesivesNon-binder adhesives used in the fabrication of SCL products shall conform t
46、o the requirementsin Specification D2559. In Canada, non-binder adhesives shall conform to the appropriate section of CSA Stan-dards for Wood Adhesives, O112-M Series, except that the LVB adhesives shall be based on the criteria for hardwood species.4.3.2 Binder AdhesiveBinder adhesives, when used,
47、shall be evaluated to meet the requirements specifed in Annex A5 (seeNote 2).NOTE 2AnnexA5 requirements meet or exceed the requirements for Exposure 1; other conditions are beyond the scope of this specification. See thecommentary and the section on Design and Mechanical Property Concerns in Appendi
48、x X1 for further information.4.3.3 Non-Binder and Binder AdhesivesAll adhesives used for SCL shall be qualified for heat durability performance inaccordance with 4.3.4. X1.2.4 provides additional information.NOTE 3Heat durable performance implies that the bond between wood elements will permit the S
49、CL to exhibit similar performance characteristicsas solid wood in an elevated temperature environment.4.3.4 Adhesive Heat Durability:4.3.4.1 Adhesives used for LVL and PSL shall be qualified for heat durability performance through testing in accordance withTest Method D7247. The test temperature and heat exposure duration for specimens tested at elevated temperature (Section 7.2of Test Method D7247) shall meet the requirements of Items (1),(2),(3), and (4) below.(1) The solid wood control specimens and bonded specimens shall be prepared from the sam
