1、Designation: D 5479 94 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forTesting Biofouling Resistance of Marine Coatings PartiallyImmersed1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5479; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revis
2、ion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure to test a biofoulingresistant coating systems or antifouling system
3、s, or both, whensubjected to in situ partial immersion exposure. This enhancessettlement of certain marine fouling organisms and increase therate of possible physical deterioration.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informatio
4、nonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refere
5、nced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 3623 Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels inShallow SubmergenceD 4938 Test Method for Erosion Testing of AntifoulingPaints Using High Velocity WaterD 4939 Test Method for Subjecting Marine AntifoulingCoating to Biofouling and Fluid Shear Forces in NaturalSea
6、waterD 5108 Test Method for Organotin Release Rates of Anti-fouling Coating Systems in Sea Water3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 antifouling coatings, npolymeric applied films en-gineered to prevent marine fouling settlement due to inclusionof antifouling compounds within its formulated matrix.3.
7、1.2 biofouling-resistant coatings, npolymeric appliedfilms, engineered to prevent secured or permanent attachmentof marine fouling organisms due to certain surface character-istics.3.1.3 film(s), neach layer or coat of paint as applied to thesubstrate or on top of another applied coat.3.1.4 system,
8、ncumulative total number of coating films,which includes application of a primary film(s) for the purposeof protecting the substrate from possible deterioration, orenhancing the adhesion of the biofouling resistant coating orantifouling coating to the primary film(s), or both.3.2 Biofouling resistan
9、t coatings and antifouling coatingsare interrelated; thus they are used in this practice interchange-ably.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed as a screening test toevaluate the performance of applied coating systems and othermaterials designed to resist biofouling settlement.4.2
10、The degree and type of fouling will vary depending onthe environment. Differences in geographic location of testsites, time of year when panels are exposed, and weatherconditions from one year to the next, can affect results. Suchvariables are accounted taking a fouling census on a nontoxicsurface.
11、For the exposure to be valid, the nontoxic surfaceshould show heavy fouling accretion.5. Apparatus5.1 Floating RaftThe test panels shall be mounted on afloating raft to maintain the correct position in the water.5.1.1 The floating raft shall be constructed with a minimalamount of decking to maximize
12、 sunlight exposure on the testpanels surfaces.5.2 Exposure RackEach rack will provide firm verticalinstallation of several (4 to 8) test panels that must bepositioned in such a manner that the prevailing tidal currentswill move parallel to the panels surfaces.5.2.1 The method of rack installation mu
13、st provide a meansof easy but dependable height adjustment. The movement ofthe lower (immersed) end of each rack is limited to 20 fromthe vertical.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility
14、 ofSubcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 5479 - 94 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at se
15、rviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.2.2 Test panel racks should be constructed of plast
16、icmaterials, or insulators must be utilized to prevent test panelsfrom metallic contact.5.2.3 The distance between two racks (from panels surface)shall be a minimum of 30 cm (12 in.) to allow sufficientsunlight on the coating surface.6. Materials6.1 Test PanelsThe substrate(s) for application of the
17、experimental coating system shall be one or more of thematerials that would simulate the end use of the biofoulingresistant or antifouling coating system, or both. The mostcommonly used substrates are as follows:6.1.1 Medium low-carbon steel plate,6.1.2 Reinforced polyester with at least one molded
18、faceexposing a polyester gel coat,6.1.3 Marine aluminum alloy No. 5086 or newer version, or6.1.4 Other materials that are appropriate for marine expo-sure.6.2 PanelThe panels shall be approximately 15 by 46 cm(6 wide by 18 in. long) with a minimum thickness of 3 mm (18in.) for metal panels while fib
19、erglass and wood panels shallhave a minimum thickness of 5 to 13 mm (316 to12 in.). Eachpanel shall have four holes, each 8 mm (516 in.) in diameter,drilled prior to coating application. Each of the holes shall becentered at approximately 19 mm (34 in.) from each corner.The holes will be utilized fo
20、r the purpose of attaching the testpanels to the racks.7. Safety Hazards7.1 WarningBiofouling resistant or antifouling coatings,or both, may contain toxic materials that could cause skin andeye irritation on contact and adverse physiological effects ifinhaled. In the preparation of panels and the ap
21、plication ofvarious types of these coatings, the use of appropriate protec-tive clothing and equipment is required consistent with local,state, and federal government regulations and recognizedindustrial and technical standards. Do not flush spills, over-spray, and unused materials down the drain, b
22、ut dispose of asdesignated. Refer to material safety data sheets (MSDS)application instructions and panel labels.8. Procedure8.1 Testing ExposureExpose simultaneously a minimumof two duplicate test panels per coating system and per eachdifferent substrate to be tested (see 8.3).8.2 Install the test
23、panels on each rack, side by sideseparated by a minimum of 18 mm (34 in.) from each other.Allfasteners must be made out of plastic or nonconductivematerial (cable-bundle-straps have proven to be successful).8.3 Install on the raft the rack with its test panels attached,partially immersed, leaving ap
24、proximately 10 cm (4 in.) ofeach panel above the water surface. Expose simultaneously anequal number of test panel replicates totally immersed inaccordance with Test Method D 3623.8.4 Data ResultsConduct systematically performance re-ports in a timely fashion following all of the specific require-me
25、nts established in accordance with Test Method D 3623.8.5 For further information see Test Methods D 4938,D 4939 and D 5108.9. Keywords9.1 biofouling; immersed; resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedi
26、n this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and mu
27、st be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of th
28、eresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C70
29、0, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5479 94 (2007)2
