1、Designation: D5479 94 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Practice forTesting Biofouling Resistance of Marine Coatings PartiallyImmersed1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5479; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revisio
2、n, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers a procedure to test a biofoulingresistant coating systems or antifouling systems,
3、or both, whensubjected to in situ partial immersion exposure. This enhancessettlement of certain marine fouling organisms and increase therate of possible physical deterioration.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationon
4、ly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Reference
5、d Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D3623 Test Method for Testing Antifouling Panels in Shal-low SubmergenceD4938 Test Method for Erosion Testing of AntifoulingPaints Using High Velocity WaterD4939 Test Method for Subjecting MarineAntifouling Coat-ing to Biofouling and Fluid Shear Forces in NaturalSeawat
6、erD5108 Test Method for Organotin Release Rates of Anti-fouling Coating Systems in Sea Water3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 antifouling coatings, npolymeric applied films en-gineered to prevent marine fouling settlement due to inclusionof antifouling compounds within its formulated matrix.3.1.2
7、biofouling-resistant coatings, npolymeric appliedfilms, engineered to prevent secured or permanent attachmentof marine fouling organisms due to certain surface character-istics.3.1.3 film(s), neach layer or coat of paint as applied to thesubstrate or on top of another applied coat.3.1.4 system, ncum
8、ulative total number of coating films,which includes application of a primary film(s) for the purposeof protecting the substrate from possible deterioration, orenhancing the adhesion of the biofouling resistant coating orantifouling coating to the primary film(s), or both.3.2 Biofouling resistant co
9、atings and antifouling coatingsare interrelated; thus they are used in this practice interchange-ably.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is designed as a screening test toevaluate the performance of applied coating systems and othermaterials designed to resist biofouling settlement.4.2 The
10、degree and type of fouling will vary depending onthe environment. Differences in geographic location of testsites, time of year when panels are exposed, and weatherconditions from one year to the next, can affect results. Suchvariables are accounted taking a fouling census on a nontoxicsurface. For
11、the exposure to be valid, the nontoxic surfaceshould show heavy fouling accretion.5. Apparatus5.1 Floating RaftThe test panels shall be mounted on afloating raft to maintain the correct position in the water.5.1.1 The floating raft shall be constructed with a minimalamount of decking to maximize sun
12、light exposure on the testpanels surfaces.5.2 Exposure RackEach rack will provide firm verticalinstallation of several (4 to 8) test panels that must bepositioned in such a manner that the prevailing tidal currentswill move parallel to the panels surfaces.5.2.1 The method of rack installation must p
13、rovide a meansof easy but dependable height adjustment. The movement ofthe lower (immersed) end of each rack is limited to 20 fromthe vertical.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofS
14、ubcommittee D01.45 on Marine Coatings.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published June 2013. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5479 94 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D5479-94R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Custom
15、er Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.2.2 Test panel racks should be const
16、ructed of plasticmaterials, or insulators must be utilized to prevent test panelsfrom metallic contact.5.2.3 The distance between two racks (from panels surface)shall be a minimum of 30 cm (12 in.) to allow sufficientsunlight on the coating surface.6. Materials6.1 Test PanelsThe substrate(s) for app
17、lication of theexperimental coating system shall be one or more of thematerials that would simulate the end use of the biofoulingresistant or antifouling coating system, or both. The mostcommonly used substrates are as follows:6.1.1 Medium low-carbon steel plate,6.1.2 Reinforced polyester with at le
18、ast one molded faceexposing a polyester gel coat,6.1.3 Marine aluminum alloy No. 5086 or newer version, or6.1.4 Other materials that are appropriate for marine expo-sure.6.2 PanelThe panels shall be approximately 15 by 46 cm(6 wide by 18 in. long) with a minimum thickness of 3 mm (18in.) for metal p
19、anels while fiberglass and wood panels shallhave a minimum thickness of 5 to 13 mm (316 to12 in.). Eachpanel shall have four holes, each 8 mm (516 in.) in diameter,drilled prior to coating application. Each of the holes shall becentered at approximately 19 mm (34 in.) from each corner.The holes will
20、 be utilized for the purpose of attaching the testpanels to the racks.7. Safety Hazards7.1 WarningBiofouling resistant or antifouling coatings,or both, may contain toxic materials that could cause skin andeye irritation on contact and adverse physiological effects ifinhaled. In the preparation of pa
21、nels and the application ofvarious types of these coatings, the use of appropriate protec-tive clothing and equipment is required consistent with local,state, and federal government regulations and recognizedindustrial and technical standards. Do not flush spills,overspray, and unused materials down
22、 the drain, but dispose ofas designated. Refer to material safety data sheets (MSDS)application instructions and panel labels.8. Procedure8.1 Testing ExposureExpose simultaneously a minimumof two duplicate test panels per coating system and per eachdifferent substrate to be tested (see 8.3).8.2 Inst
23、all the test panels on each rack, side by sideseparated by a minimum of 18 mm (34 in.) from each other. Allfasteners must be made out of plastic or nonconductivematerial (cable-bundle-straps have proven to be successful).8.3 Install on the raft the rack with its test panels attached,partially immers
24、ed, leaving approximately 10 cm (4 in.) ofeach panel above the water surface. Expose simultaneously anequal number of test panel replicates totally immersed inaccordance with Test Method D3623.8.4 Data ResultsConduct systematically performance re-ports in a timely fashion following all of the specif
25、ic require-ments established in accordance with Test Method D3623.8.5 For further information see Test Methods D4938, D4939and D5108.9. Keywords9.1 biofouling; immersed; resistanceASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item m
26、entionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committ
27、ee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meet
28、ing of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P
29、O Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5479 94 (2013)2
