1、Designation: D 5491 08Standard Classification forRecycled Post-Consumer Polyethylene Film Sources forMolding and Extrusion Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5491; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of
2、revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This document provides for the classification of post-consumer polyethylene (PE) film derived f
3、rom specificsources. It also identifies characteristics useful in determiningthe acceptability of the film for recycling into molding andextrusion materials. It is neither the intent nor the purpose ofthis classification to specify the suitability of the recycledmaterial for specific applications.1.
4、2 This classification provides that the source of the mate-rial be listed as an aid in identification. The separation bysource also improves the usefulness of the material. Sourcesare post-consumer PE films from shrink wrap, dry cleaningfilm, merchandise bags, grocery sacks, stretch wrap, recyclebag
5、s, redemption bags, bubble packaging film, andcommercial/industrial liners/bags and overwrap. Other post-consumer PE films shall be added to this classification whensuch material streams are defined.1.3 It is not the function of this classification to provide datafor specific product design or proce
6、ss-performance purposes.1.4 The supplier shall provide a written certification witheach shipment stating that the material is derived from post-consumer PE film sources described within this classification.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in paren
7、theses are for informationonly.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery,and Use of Recycled
8、Polymeric Materials and Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitionsthe definitions used in this classificationare in accordance with Terminology D 883 and Guide D 7209.3.2 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 bubble packaging film, nclear or tinted LDPE orLLDPE film with little or no prin
9、t, used to cushion or to protectsurfaces, or both.3.2.2 commercial/industrial liners/bag, nclear LDPE,LLDPE, or MDPE film with light or no print, used for theshipment of industrial parts, mattresses or textile products, drynonputrescible foods, nonhazardous chemicals, etc.3.2.3 commercial overwrap,
10、nclear LDPE, LLDPE, orMDPE film with light or no print, used to cover finishedproducts such as carpeting, furniture, yarn, and other interme-diate or retail items during shipment to the distribution outlet orfinal consumer.3.2.4 dry-cleaning film, nclear or pigmented film madefrom LDPE, LLDPE, or th
11、eir blends, with light or no print,used as the outer protective wrap by dry-cleaning establish-ments.3.2.5 grocery sacks, npigmented or unpigmented blendsof polyethylene with or without print, used to carry groceriesfrom a food market.3.2.6 merchandise bags, npigmented LDPE, LLDPE,MDPE, HDPE, or a c
12、ombination of these resin types, withprint, used to carry dry goods from a retailer.3.2.7 nominal density, nthe density of the unpigmentedpolyethylene resin. The nominal density differs from theapparent density of the material due to the addition of fillers orpigments to the resin.3.2.8 recycle bags
13、, nblue tinted LLDPE or LDPE filmwith light or no print, used to transport items to a recyclingfacility.3.2.9 redemption bags, nclear or tinted LLDPE or LDPEfilm with little or no print, used to transport beverage bottlesand cans to a recycler in a “bottle bill” state where beveragecontainers requir
14、e a refundable deposit upon purchase.3.2.10 shrink wrap, npigmented or unpigmented filmmade from LDPE, LLDPE, or their blends, clear or pigmented,with light or no print, that is typically used to unitize an itemor items for stability.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D
15、20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2008. Published December 2008. Originallyapproved in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5491 - 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, ww
16、w.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,
17、 PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.2.11 source, nthe original end use of the PE materialsdescribed in this specification.3.2.12 stretch wrap, nclear or tinted LLDPE film, with noprint, used to unitize an item or items for stability.4. Significance and Use4.1 This classif
18、ication identifies sources of PE film. Theseparation by sources also improves the usefulness of thematerial. Sources are post-consumer PE films from shrinkwrap, dry cleaning film, merchandise bags, grocery sacks,stretch wrap, recycle bags, redemption bags, bubble packagingfilm, commercial/industrial
19、 liners/bags, and commercial over-wrap.4.2 This classification is useful in characterizing post-consumer film to be used as a feedstock for recycling.4.3 It is neither the intent nor the purpose of this classifica-tion to specify the suitability of the recycled material forspecific applications.5. B
20、asis of Classification5.1 The basis of classification is solely by source.5.1.1 Shrink WrapPigmented or unpigmented film madefrom LDPE, LLDPE, or their blends, clear or pigmented, withlight or no print, that is typically used to unitize an item oritems for stability.5.1.2 Dry-Cleaning FilmClear or p
21、igmented film madefrom LDPE, LLDPE, or their blends, with light or no print,used as the outer protective wrap by dry-cleaning establish-ments.5.1.3 Merchandise BagsPigmented LDPE, LLDPE,MDPE, HDPE or a combination of these resin types, withprint, used to carry dry goods from a retailer.5.1.4 Grocery
22、 SacksPigmented or unpigmented blends ofpolyethylene with or without print, used to carry groceriesfrom a food market.5.1.5 Stretch WrapClear or tinted LLDPE film, with noprint, used to unitize an item or items for stability. Tackifiersare an acceptable constituent of the wrap.5.1.6 Recycle BagsBlue
23、 tinted LLDPE or LDPE film withlittle or no print, used to transport items to a recycling facility.5.1.7 Redemption BagsClear or tinted LLDPE or LDPEfilm with little or no print, used to transport beverage bottlesand cans to a recycler in a “bottle bill” state where beveragecontainers require a refu
24、ndable deposit upon purchase.5.1.8 Bubble Packaging FilmClear or tinted LDPE orLLDPE film with little or no print, used to cushion or to protectsurfaces, or both. Barrier resin or tie layers are acceptablecomponents of the construction.5.1.9 Commercial/Industrial Liners/BagsClear LDPE,LLDPE, or MDPE
25、 film with light or no print, used for theshipment of industrial parts, mattresses or textile products, drynonputrescible foods, nonhazardous chemicals, etc.5.1.10 Commercial OverwrapClear LDPE, LLDPE, orMDPE film with light or no print, used to cover finishedproducts such as carpeting, furniture, y
26、arn, and other interme-diate or retail items during shipment to the distribution outlet orfinal consumer.6. Ordering Information6.1 The purchase order or inquiry for these recycled post-consumer PE materials shall state this ASTM specificationnumber, year of issue, and source.6.2 Further definition
27、for the sources listed in 5.1 shall be byagreement between user and supplier.7. Contamination7.1 Contamination by non-polymeric materials, non-polyethylene films, and non-film plastics shall not exceed 2 %by weight and must be identified by type.7.2 Shipments shall contain minimal contamination (see
28、Note 3) from dirt, mud, stones, grease, glass, metals, and paper.7.3 Materials contaminated with agricultural chemicals,hazardous materials, flammable liquids, and medical wastes areprohibited.7.4 All polymeric materials that present a health hazard, orsafety hazard, or both, due to their decomposit
29、ion products atpolyethylene processing conditions are prohibited.7.5 The material shall be free of any free-flowing liquid.7.6 The plastic shall not have visible evidence of damage byultraviolet exposure, that is embrittled, flaky film.NOTE 2It is recognized that certain contaminants result in an od
30、orbeing present in the recycled material. The acceptability of the type andlevel of odor shall be agreed upon between the user and supplier. Methodsto evaluate odors in recycled materials are being developed elsewhere inthe plastics industry.NOTE 3It is recognized that despite all efforts to complet
31、ely preventthe presence of contamination, it still does occur. The term “minimalcontamination” shall mean film that has been inspected and is visuallyacceptable for use in good commercial practice. Carefully collect and packthe film for accumulation and shipment.8. Inspection and Certification8.1 Th
32、e supplier shall provide a written certification witheach shipment that the material is derived from post-consumersources. The source of these materials, as specified in 5.1, shallalso be identified in the certification.8.2 Certification shall be that the material is in accordancewith this classific
33、ation and meets the contamination require-ments of Section 7.9. Keywords9.1 plastic films; polyethylene; post-consumer material; re-covered material; recycledD 5491 082SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D 5491 - 03) t
34、hat may impact the use of this standard. (December 1, 2008)(1) Removed permissive language.(2) Deleted reference to D 5033 (withdrawn) and replacedwith D 7209.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this stand
35、ard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be review
36、ed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible
37、 technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5491 083
