1、Designation: D 5495 03 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forSampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler(COLIWASA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the y
2、ear of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedure for samplingliquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or “COLI-WA
3、SA.” The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtain-ing a representative sample from stratified or unstratifiedliquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerizedliquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be usedfor pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid.NOTE 1Alimitati
4、on of the COLIWASAis that the stopper mechanismmay not allow collection of approximately the bottom inch of material,depending on construction of the stopper.1.2 The COLIWASA should not be used to sample flowingor moving liquids.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems
5、, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste
6、SamplingD 5088 Practices for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD 5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental DataRelated to Waste Management Activities: Quality Assur-ance and Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD 5743 Practice for Sampling Single or Multilayered Liq-uids
7、, With or Without Solids, in Drums or Similar Con-tainersD 6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment forWaste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities3. Summary of Practice3.1 A clean device is slowly lowered into the liquid to besampled. After it has filled, the bottom of the sampling
8、 tube isclosed and the device is retrieved. The contents are subse-quently discharged into a sample container.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is applicable to sampling liquid wastes andother stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain avertical column of liquid representing an accura
9、te cross-sectionof the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample ofstratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both endsso that material flows through it as it is slowly lowered to thedesired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be loweredwith the stopper in place. Opening the stop
10、per after the tube issubmerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layeronly, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer.4.2 This practice is to be used by personnel acquiringsamples.4.3 This practice should be used in conjunction with GuideD 4687 which covers sampling plans, sa
11、fety, QA, preservation,decontamination, labeling and chain-of-custody procedures;Practice D 5088 which covers decontamination of field equip-ment used at waste sites; Practice D 5283 which covers projectspecifications and practices for environmental field operations,and Practice D 5743 which covers
12、drum sampling5. Sampling Equipment5.1 COLIWASAs are available commercially with differenttypes of stoppers and locking mechanisms, but they all operateusing the same principle. They can also be constructed frommaterials such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), glass, metal, orpolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
13、 A traditional model of theCOLIWASAis shown in Fig. 1 de Vera et al.3 ,4; however, thedesign can be modified or adapted, or both, to meet the needs1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 onSampling E
14、quipment.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 5495-03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMSta
15、ndards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3de Vera, E. R., Simmons, B. P., Stephens, R. C., and Storm, D. L., “Samplersand Sampling Procedures for Hazardous Waste Streams,” EPA-600/2-80-018,January 1980.4Ford, P. J., Turina, P. J., and Seeley, D. E.,
16、“Characterization of HazardousWaste SitesAMethods Manual: Volume II,”Available Sampling Methods, SecondEdition, EPA-600/4-84-076, December 1984.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.of the sampler. COLIWASAs must be selecte
17、d that are con-structed of materials compatible with the waste being sampledand with the analyses or tests to be performed. Due to theunknown nature of most containerized liquid wastes, COLI-WASAs made of glass or polytetrafluoroethylene are best forgeneral use.6. Sample Containers6.1 Plastic, glass
18、 or other nonreactive containers should beused. Refer to Guide D 6232 for further information oncontainers.7. Procedure7.1 Make certain the COLIWASA is clean and functioningproperly. It is essential that the stopper at the bottom of thesampling tube closes securely.7.2 Open the COLIWASA by placing t
19、he stopper mecha-nism in the open position.7.3 Lower the COLIWASAinto the liquid slowly so that thelevels of the liquid inside and outside the sampler tube remainabout the same. If the level of the liquid in the sample tube islower than that outside the sampler, the sampling rate is too fastand a no
20、nrepresentative sample will result.7.4 Use the stopper mechanism to close the COLIWASAwhen it reaches the desired depth in the liquid.7.5 Withdraw the sampler from the liquid. Either wipe theexterior of the sampler tube with a disposable cloth or rag orallow excess liquid to drain back into the wast
21、e container.7.6 Carefully discharge the sample into a suitable containerby slowly opening the stopper mechanism while the lower endof the COLIWASA is positioned in the sample container.7.7 Seal the sample container; attach the label and seal;record in the field logbook; and complete the chain-of-cus
22、todyrecord.7.8 Decontaminate the used equipment in accordance withPractice D 5088.8. Keywords8.1 COLIWASA; drum sampling; liquid sampling; sam-pling; wasteFIG. 1 Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA) (Typical)D 5495 03 (2007)2APPENDIXX1. PERFORMANCE DATA FOR THE COLIWASAX1.1 Independent testing
23、was conducted to determine thebias and precision of using a COLIWASA for the collection ofstratified liquids from drums or simulated drums. Results froma single set of experiments are presented. Improper proceduraluse or bias by a sampler may adversely impact the precision ofa sample by a COLIWASA s
24、ampling device. Refer to PracticeD 5743.X1.2 Experimental DesignX1.2.1 All samples were collected under controlled labora-tory conditions. Samples were collected from 55gal drums ora 34 in. acrylic cylinder (that is, simulated drum).X1.2.2 Measured volumes of corn oil and water were placedin the dru
25、ms or cylinders to known stratified conditions of5:95, 50:50, and 95:5 corn oil:water.X1.2.3 A single operator tested each of the three cornoil:water ratios using a 250mL and 1000mL COLIWASA.Thirty-six samples were collected from each corn oil:waterratio.X1.3 BiasX1.3.1 Bias was determined by compar
26、ing the knownvolumes of corn oil and water to the volumes collected by thetwo different size COLIWASAs.X1.3.2 For the 50:50 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 5 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 9 %.X1.3.3 For the 95:5 corn
27、oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 2 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 5 %.X1.3.4 For the 5:95 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 70 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water by
28、approximately 4 %. The distinctly larger over sampling of theupper corn oil layer by the 250mLCOLIWASAwas attributedto the stopper interfering with the uptake of the thin corn oillayer during sampler insertion.X1.4 PrecisionX1.4.1 Precision was measured by calculating the percentrelative standard de
29、viation (% RSD) from 50 sets of 5measurements of the 50:50 corn oil:water sample by a singlesampler. The precision for both the 250mL COLIWASA and1000mL COLIWASA was less than 3% RSD.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any ite
30、m mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical comm
31、ittee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a m
32、eeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive
33、, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 5495 03 (2007)3
