1、Designation: D5495 03 (Reapproved 2011)Standard Practice forSampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler(COLIWASA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedure for samplingliquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or “COLI-WASA.
3、” The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtain-ing a representative sample from stratified or unstratifiedliquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerizedliquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be usedfor pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid.NOTE 1Alimitation
4、of the COLIWASAis that the stopper mechanismmay not allow collection of approximately the bottom inch of material,depending on construction of the stopper.1.2 The COLIWASA should not be used to sample flowingor moving liquids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other
5、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
6、egulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality
7、 Assuranceand Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD5743 Practice for Sampling Single or Multilayered Liq-uids, With or Without Solids, in Drums or Similar Con-tainersD6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment forWaste and Contaminated Media Data Collection Activities3. Summary of Practic
8、e3.1 A clean device is slowly lowered into the liquid to besampled. After it has filled, the bottom of the sampling tube isclosed and the device is retrieved. The contents are subse-quently discharged into a sample container.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is applicable to sampling liquid w
9、astes andother stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain avertical column of liquid representing an accurate cross-sectionof the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample ofstratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both endsso that material flows through it as it is slowl
10、y lowered to thedesired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be loweredwith the stopper in place. Opening the stopper after the tube issubmerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layeronly, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer.4.2 This practice is to be used by personne
11、l acquiringsamples.4.3 This practice should be used in conjunction with GuideD4687 which covers sampling plans, safety, QA, preservation,decontamination, labeling and chain-of-custody procedures;Practice D5088 which covers decontamination of field equip-ment used at waste sites; Practice D5283 which
12、 covers projectspecifications and practices for environmental field operations,and Practice D5743 which covers drum sampling5. Sampling Equipment5.1 COLIWASAs are available commercially with differenttypes of stoppers and locking mechanisms, but they all operateusing the same principle. They can als
13、o be constructed frommaterials such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), glass, metal, orpolytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A traditional model of theCOLIWASAis shown in Fig. 1 de Vera et al.3 ,4; however, the1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct res
14、ponsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 onSampling Equipment.Current edition approved July 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D5495-03 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D5495-03R11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.
15、org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3de Vera, E. R., Simmons, B. P., Stephens, R. C., and Storm, D. L., “Samplersand Sampling Procedures for Hazardous Waste Strea
16、ms,” EPA-600/2-80-018,January 1980.4Ford, P. J., Turina, P. J., and Seeley, D. E., “Characterization of HazardousWaste SitesAMethods Manual: Volume II,”Available Sampling Methods, SecondEdition, EPA-600/4-84-076, December 1984.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
17、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.design can be modified or adapted, or both, to meet the needsof the sampler. COLIWASAs must be selected that are con-structed of materials compatible with the waste being sampledand with the analyses or tests to be performed. Due to theunknown nature of most
18、 containerized liquid wastes, COLI-WASAs made of glass or polytetrafluoroethylene are best forgeneral use.6. Sample Containers6.1 Plastic, glass or other nonreactive containers should beused. Refer to Guide D6232 for further information on con-tainers.7. Procedure7.1 Make certain the COLIWASA is cle
19、an and functioningproperly. It is essential that the stopper at the bottom of thesampling tube closes securely.7.2 Open the COLIWASA by placing the stopper mecha-nism in the open position.7.3 Lower the COLIWASAinto the liquid slowly so that thelevels of the liquid inside and outside the sampler tube
20、 remainabout the same. If the level of the liquid in the sample tube islower than that outside the sampler, the sampling rate is too fastand a nonrepresentative sample will result.7.4 Use the stopper mechanism to close the COLIWASAwhen it reaches the desired depth in the liquid.7.5 Withdraw the samp
21、ler from the liquid. Either wipe theexterior of the sampler tube with a disposable cloth or rag orallow excess liquid to drain back into the waste container.7.6 Carefully discharge the sample into a suitable containerby slowly opening the stopper mechanism while the lower endof the COLIWASA is posit
22、ioned in the sample container.7.7 Seal the sample container; attach the label and seal;record in the field logbook; and complete the chain-of-custodyrecord.7.8 Decontaminate the used equipment in accordance withPractice D5088.8. Keywords8.1 COLIWASA; drum sampling; liquid sampling; sam-pling; wasteF
23、IG. 1 Composite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA) (Typical)D5495 03 (2011)2APPENDIXX1. PERFORMANCE DATA FOR THE COLIWASAX1.1 Independent testing was conducted to determine thebias and precision of using a COLIWASA for the collection ofstratified liquids from drums or simulated drums. Results froma sin
24、gle set of experiments are presented. Improper proceduraluse or bias by a sampler may adversely impact the precision ofa sample by a COLIWASA sampling device. Refer to PracticeD5743.X1.2 Experimental DesignX1.2.1 All samples were collected under controlled labora-tory conditions. Samples were collec
25、ted from 55gal drums ora 34 in. acrylic cylinder (that is, simulated drum).X1.2.2 Measured volumes of corn oil and water were placedin the drums or cylinders to known stratified conditions of5:95, 50:50, and 95:5 corn oil:water.X1.2.3 A single operator tested each of the three cornoil:water ratios u
26、sing a 250mL and 1000mL COLIWASA.Thirty-six samples were collected from each corn oil:waterratio.X1.3 BiasX1.3.1 Bias was determined by comparing the knownvolumes of corn oil and water to the volumes collected by thetwo different size COLIWASAs.X1.3.2 For the 50:50 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCO
27、LIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 5 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 9 %.X1.3.3 For the 95:5 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 2 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 5 %.X1.3.4 For t
28、he 5:95 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 70 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 4 %. The distinctly larger over sampling of theupper corn oil layer by the 250mLCOLIWASAwas attributedto the stopper interfering with the uptake
29、 of the thin corn oillayer during sampler insertion.X1.4 PrecisionX1.4.1 Precision was measured by calculating the percentrelative standard deviation (% RSD) from 50 sets of 5measurements of the 50:50 corn oil:water sample by a singlesampler. The precision for both the 250mL COLIWASA and1000mL COLIW
30、ASA was less than 3% RSD.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infring
31、ement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard
32、or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views
33、known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D5495 03 (2011)3
