1、Designation: D5495 03 (Reapproved 2016)Standard Practice forSampling With a Composite Liquid Waste Sampler(COLIWASA)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5495; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the yea
2、r of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes the procedure for samplingliquids with the composite liquid waste sampler, or “COLI-WASA.
3、” The COLIWASA is an appropriate device for obtain-ing a representative sample from stratified or unstratifiedliquids. Its most common use is for sampling containerizedliquids, such as tanks, barrels, and drums. It may also be usedfor pools and other open bodies of stagnant liquid.NOTE 1Alimitation
4、of the COLIWASAis that the stopper mechanismmay not allow collection of approximately the bottom inch of material,depending on construction of the stopper.1.2 The COLIWASA should not be used to sample flowingor moving liquids.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other
5、units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of r
6、egulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4687 Guide for General Planning of Waste SamplingD5088 Practice for Decontamination of Field EquipmentUsed at Waste SitesD5283 Practice for Generation of Environmental Data Re-lated to Waste Management Activities: Quality
7、 Assuranceand Quality Control Planning and ImplementationD5743 Practice for Sampling Single or MultilayeredLiquids, With or Without Solids, in Drums or SimilarContainersD6232 Guide for Selection of Sampling Equipment forWaste and Contaminated Media Data CollectionActivities3. Summary of Practice3.1
8、A clean device is slowly lowered into the liquid to besampled. After it has filled, the bottom of the sampling tube isclosed and the device is retrieved. The contents are subse-quently discharged into a sample container.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice is applicable to sampling liquid wastes
9、 andother stratified liquids. The COLIWASA is used to obtain avertical column of liquid representing an accurate cross-sectionof the sampled material. To obtain a representative sample ofstratified liquids, the COLIWASA should be open at both endsso that material flows through it as it is slowly low
10、ered to thedesired sampling depth. The COLIWASA must not be loweredwith the stopper in place. Opening the stopper after the tube issubmerged will cause material to flow in from the bottom layeronly, resulting in gross over-representation of that layer.4.2 This practice is to be used by personnel acq
11、uiringsamples.4.3 This practice should be used in conjunction with GuideD4687 which covers sampling plans, safety, QA, preservation,decontamination, labeling and chain-of-custody procedures;Practice D5088 which covers decontamination of field equip-ment used at waste sites; Practice D5283 which cove
12、rs projectspecifications and practices for environmental field operations,and Practice D5743 which covers drum sampling.5. Sampling Equipment5.1 COLIWASAs are available commercially with differenttypes of stoppers and locking mechanisms, but they all operateusing the same principle. They can also be
13、 constructed frommaterials such as polyvinylchloride (PVC), glass, metal, or1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on WasteManagement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.03 onSampling Equipment.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016. Published September 20
14、16. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5495 03 (2011).DOI: 10.1520/D5495-03R16.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to t
15、he standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). A traditional model of theCOLIWASA is shown in Fig. 1 de Vera et al.3,4; however, thedesign can be m
16、odified or adapted, or both, to meet the needsof the sampler. COLIWASAs must be selected that are con-structed of materials compatible with the waste being sampledand with the analyses or tests to be performed. Due to theunknown nature of most containerized liquid wastes, COLI-WASAs made of glass or
17、 polytetrafluoroethylene are best forgeneral use.6. Sample Containers6.1 Plastic, glass or other nonreactive containers should beused. Refer to Guide D6232 for further information on con-tainers.7. Procedure7.1 Make certain the COLIWASA is clean and functioningproperly. It is essential that the stop
18、per at the bottom of thesampling tube closes securely.7.2 Open the COLIWASA by placing the stopper mecha-nism in the open position.7.3 Lower the COLIWASAinto the liquid slowly so that thelevels of the liquid inside and outside the sampler tube remainabout the same. If the level of the liquid in the
19、sample tube islower than that outside the sampler, the sampling rate is too fastand a nonrepresentative sample will result.7.4 Use the stopper mechanism to close the COLIWASAwhen it reaches the desired depth in the liquid.7.5 Withdraw the sampler from the liquid. Either wipe theexterior of the sampl
20、er tube with a disposable cloth or rag orallow excess liquid to drain back into the waste container.7.6 Carefully discharge the sample into a suitable containerby slowly opening the stopper mechanism while the lower endof the COLIWASA is positioned in the sample container.7.7 Seal the sample contain
21、er; attach the label and seal;record in the field logbook; and complete the chain-of-custodyrecord.7.8 Decontaminate the used equipment in accordance withPractice D5088.8. Keywords8.1 COLIWASA; drum sampling; liquid sampling; sam-pling; waste3de Vera, E. R., Simmons, B. P., Stephens, R. C., and Stor
22、m, D. L., “Samplersand Sampling Procedures for Hazardous Waste Streams,” EPA-600/2-80-018,January 1980.4Ford, P. J., Turina, P. J., and Seeley, D. E., “Characterization of HazardousWaste SitesAMethods Manual: Volume II,”Available Sampling Methods, SecondEdition, EPA-600/4-84-076, December 1984.D5495
23、 03 (2016)2APPENDIXX1. PERFORMANCE DATA FOR THE COLIWASAX1.1 Independent testing was conducted to determine thebias and precision of using a COLIWASA for the collection ofstratified liquids from drums or simulated drums. Results froma single set of experiments are presented. Improper proceduraluse o
24、r bias by a sampler may adversely impact the precision ofa sample by a COLIWASA sampling device. Refer to PracticeD5743.X1.2 Experimental DesignX1.2.1 All samples were collected under controlled labora-tory conditions. Samples were collected from 55gal drums ora 34 in. acrylic cylinder (that is, sim
25、ulated drum).X1.2.2 Measured volumes of corn oil and water were placedin the drums or cylinders to known stratified conditions of5:95, 50:50, and 95:5 corn oil:water.X1.2.3 A single operator tested each of the three cornoil:water ratios using a 250mL and 1000mL COLIWASA.Thirty-six samples were colle
26、cted from each corn oil:waterratio.X1.3 BiasX1.3.1 Bias was determined by comparing the knownvolumes of corn oil and water to the volumes collected by thetwo different size COLIWASAs.X1.3.2 For the 50:50 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 5 %and the 1000
27、mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 9 %.X1.3.3 For the 95:5 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled the water by approximately 2 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 5 %.X1.3.4 For the 5:95 corn oil:water sample, the 250mLCOLIWASA over sampled
28、the water by approximately 70 %and the 1000mL COLIWASA over sampled the water byapproximately 4 %. The distinctly larger over sampling of theupper corn oil layer by the 250mLCOLIWASAwas attributedto the stopper interfering with the uptake of the thin corn oillayer during sampler insertion.FIG. 1 Com
29、posite Liquid Waste Sampler (COLIWASA) (Typical)D5495 03 (2016)3X1.4 PrecisionX1.4.1 Precision was measured by calculating the percentrelative standard deviation (% RSD) from 50 sets of 5measurements of the 50:50 corn oil:water sample by a singlesampler. The precision for both the 250mL COLIWASA and
30、1000mL COLIWASA was less than 3% RSD.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the ri
31、skof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of th
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34、 contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 03 (2016)4
