1、Designation: D5534 94 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forVapor-Phase Rust-Preventing Characteristics of HydraulicFluids1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5534; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision
2、, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the ability of hydraulic fluids toprevent the rusting of steel in the vapor phas
3、e over thehydraulic fluid and water.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in parentheses after SI units areprovided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by manyregulatory agencies as a hazardous materi
4、al that can causecentral nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury andmercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EP
5、Aswebsitehttp:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor addi-tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercuryand/or mercury containing products into your state or countrymay be prohibited by law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
6、use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized princip
7、les on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A108 Specification for Steel Bar,
8、Carbon and Alloy, Cold-FinishedA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for PressureVessels and for General ApplicationsD91 Test Method for Precipitation Number of LubricatingOilsD665 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofInhibited
9、 Mineral Oil in the Presence of WaterD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD3603 Test Method for Rust-Preventing Characteristics ofSteam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water (HorizontalDisk Method)E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 Other Standards:IP 60/80 Specification for Pet
10、roleum Spirit3BS 970: 1955EN3B Specification for wrought steels43. Summary of Test Method3.1 This test method is divided into two parts:3.1.1 Part AUsed only for fluids where water is thecontinuous phase. Examples of such fluids include water-glycol hydraulic fluids and high-water-content hydraulic
11、fluids.Do not use Part A to evaluate invert emulsion hydraulic fluids.3.1.2 Part BUsed for both water-containing fluids andcompletely water-free fluids such as petroleum based hydraulicfluids, except phosphate esters. In Part B a small beaker ofwater is present to provide water vapor to cause corros
12、ion inthe absence of a vapor-phase inhibitor in the fluid. Part B is theappropriate procedure for evaluating invert emulsion hydraulicfluids.3.2 In both Part A and Part B, a steel specimen is attachedto the underside of the cover of a beaker containing the fluidunder test. The apparatus and specimen
13、 are identical to those ofTest Method D3603. The fluid is brought to a test temperatureof 60 C (140 F).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.N0 on Hydraulic Fluids.Curre
14、nt edition approved April 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D5534 94 (2011)1.DOI: 10.1520/D5534-94R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual
15、 Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish St., London, WIG 7AR,U.K., http:/www.energyinst.org.4Available from IHS, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112, http:/.Copyright ASTM Int
16、ernational, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards
17、, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.13.3 In Part B, the test specimen is exposed to the vapor fromthe fluid for 30 min prior to the introduction of water. A beakerof water is then placed in the undercarriage of the cover.3.4
18、 After 6 h, the apparatus is disassembled and the speci-men is rated visually for the presence of rust.3.5 Since the apparatus and test conditions are identical,Part A can be completed simultaneously with Test MethodD3603 by adding the vapor-phase specimen to that procedure.4. Significance and Use4.
19、1 Procedures such as Test Methods D665 and D3603assess the ability of new or unused hydraulic fluid to preventrusting on wetted steel surfaces but do not address theprevention of rusting in the vapor space above the fluid. Thisprocedure addresses the latter question under one set of testconditions a
20、nd need not be applicable to some service condi-tions. Since used fluids have not been cooperatively tested inthis procedure, its utility for in-service monitoring has not beenestablished.5. Apparatus5.1 Oil BathThermostatically controlled liquid bath ca-pable of maintaining a temperature in the oil
21、 sample of 60 C6 1 C (140 F 6 2 F). The bath shall have holes toaccommodate the test beakers.NOTE 1The bath used for Test Method D665 can be used with a slightmodification, that is, the centers of the beaker holes are moved from6.4 mm to 18.3 mm (14 in. to2332 in.) from the axis of the stirrers.NOTE
22、 2To indicate the temperature, a thermometric device such as,resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), thermistors, or liquid-in-glassthermometers with equivalent or better requirements of ASTM Thermom-eter 9C or 9F, or IP Thermometer 21C, as prescribed in Specification E1may be used.5.2 Beaker400 mL
23、, Berzelius-type, tall-form heat resis-tant glass beaker,5approximately 127 mm (5 in.) in heightmeasured from the inside bottom center and approximately70 mm (234 in.) in inside diameter measured at the middle, andwithout pourout (see Fig. 1).5.3 Beaker Cover (Fig. 2) and Specimen Holder (Fig.3)Flat
24、 beaker cover of 4.8 mm (316 in.) methyl methacrylateresin or other fluid-resistant material, kept in position by asuitable groove. Three holes, 7.9 mm (516 in.) in diameter, shallbe provided. Two are located on any diameter of the cover, onefor a stirrer 18.3 mm (2332 in.) from the covers center, a
25、nd theother for the vapor-phase test specimen 7.9 mm (516 in.) fromthe center on the opposite side. The third hole, for athermometer, is located 27 mm (1116 in.) from the center on adiameter perpendicular to that of the other two holes. Theundercarriage is a Test Method D3603 specimen holder suit-ab
26、ly attached to the beaker cover, used here to support thewater beaker (see 5.7) used in Part B. One suitable undercar-riage (the one used in the round-robin) is shown in Fig. 1.Anundercarriage must be present even for Part A, to preventvortexing. The holding rod, appropriate for this apparatus, isde
27、picted in Fig. 4.NOTE 3Other holders suitable for supporting the specimen in TestMethod D3603 are also suitable for supporting the water beaker in this testmethod. The undercarriage design is not considered to be critical.5.4 StirrerConstructed entirely from stainless steel in theform of an inverted
28、 T (Fig. 5). A flat blade 25.4 mm by 6.1 mmby 0.6 mm (1 in. by 0.24 in. by 0.024 in.) shall be attached toa 6.1 mm (0.24 in.) rod in such a way that the blade issymmetrical with the rod and has its flat surface in the verticalpane.NOTE 4A suitable material is an 18 % chromium, 8 % nickel alloysteel
29、conforming to Type 304 of Specification A240/A240M, or SAE No.30304, or BS 970: Part 1: 1983: 302531.NOTE 5If stainless steel is not available, stirrers made of heat resistant5British Standard 2, 1965 Section 5, or equivalent, may be used.NOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 1 Rusti
30、ng Test ApparatusNOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 2 Beaker CoverD5534 94 (2018)2glass and having approximately the same dimensions as the stainless steelstirrers can be used.65.5 Stirring ApparatusAny convenient form of stirringapparatus capable of maintaining a speed of 1000 r
31、min 650 r min.5.6 Grinding and Polishing Equipment150- and 240- gritmetalworking aluminum oxide abrasive cloth, closed coat on ajeans backing, a suitable chuck (Fig. 6) for holding thespecimen, and a means of rotating the specimen at a speed of1700 r min to 1800 r min.5.7 Water Beaker for Part BFlat
32、-bottomed beaker madefrom 30 mm (1.2 in.) outside diameter standard wall glasstubing, 50 mm (2.0 in.) high. It should fit snugly in theundercarriage of the specimen holder.6Borosilicate glass is satisfactory for this purpose.NOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 3 Specimen HolderNOTE
33、 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 4 Holding RodNOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).NOTE 2125all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 60.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 5 StirrerD5534 94 (2018)36. Reagents and Materials6.1 Cleaning AgentsOne of the following shall
34、 be used.6.1.1 ASTM Precipitation Naphtha, conforming to TestMethod D91.(WarningPrecipitation naphtha is flammableand a health hazard.)6.1.2 Isooctane, conforming to Annex A2 on ReferenceMaterials and Blending Accessories.7Previously used, un-rusted specimens shall be stored in this reagent. (Warnin
35、gIsooctane is flammable and a health hazard.)6.1.3 IP Petroleum Spirit, conforming to IP Specifica-tion 60 80. (WarningIP petroleum spirit is flammable and ahealth hazard.)7. Test Specimens and Their Preparation7.1 The steel coupon, when new, shall be 30.2 mm (1316 in.)in diameter and 4.8 mm (316 in
36、.) thick, with a 6.4 mm (14 in.)central threaded shaft 9.5 mm (38 in.) long (Fig. 7). Specimensshould be discarded when they reach a thickness of 1.6 mm(116 in.) after repeated use.7.2 Coupons shall be made of steel conforming to Grade1018 of Specification A108, or to BS 970: 1955EN3B.NOTE 6When mak
37、ing a check test, the steel coupon that showed rustshould not be reused. Steel coupons that repeatedly show rust in tests ofvarious oils might be imperfect. Such coupons should be used with oilsknown to pass the test. If rusting results, the coupons should be discarded.7.3 Steel coupons, either new
38、or from a previous test(previously used coupons shall be stored in isooctane) shall beprepared as described in 7.4 and 7.5.7.4 Preliminary GrindingIf the coupons have been usedpreviously and are free from rust or other irregularities thepreliminary grinding may be omitted, and they may be sub-jected
39、 to only final polishing as prescribed in 7.5.Ifthespecimens are new or if any part of their surfaces show rust orother irregularities, clean them with ASTM precipitation naph-tha or isooctane or IP 60/80 petroleum spirit and grind themwith medium 150-grit aluminum oxide cloth to remove allirregular
40、ities, pits and scratches, as determined by visualinspection.7.4.1 Do not touch the specimen with the hands at any stageafter cleaning with naphtha or isooctane or the petroleum spirit(which precedes either preliminary grinding or final polishing)until the test is completed. Forceps or a clean lintl
41、ess cloth maybe used.7.5 Final PolishingJust before the test is to be made,polish the specimens with a 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth. Ifthe preliminary grinding has just been completed, stop themotor which rotates the specimen. Otherwise, remove thespecimen from the isooctane (previously used unrust
42、ed speci-mens shall be stored in this reagent), dry with a clean cloth, andplace in a chuck.7.5.1 Steel CouponWhen polishing a steel coupon, rub anew piece of 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth across the flat testsurface until the entire surface shows visible straight scratches.Rotate the coupon at a sp
43、eed of 1700 r min to 1800 r min andpolish with a strip of 240-grit aluminum oxide cloth bypressing firmly against the cloth with the flat of the thumb andslowly moving it back and forth across the flat surface toproduce a uniform finely scratched surface free from straightscratches. Carry out the fi
44、nal stages of the polishing with newcloth. Use only the flat surface in evaluating the test. However,the edge and surface adjacent to the shaft should be rust free,not necessarily polished, at the start of the test.8. Procedure8.1 Clean the beaker in accordance with good laboratoryprocedure, rinse i
45、t with distilled water (see SpecificationD1193) and dry it in an oven. Clean the stainless steel stirrerand plastic beaker cover and specimen holder assembly withASTM precipitation naphtha, isooctane, or 60/80 petroleumspirit, and dry thoroughly at room temperature.NOTE 7In cases of dispute the part
46、ies are to agree on a glasswarecleaning procedure. However, the round-robin was conducted with glass-ware cleaned with chromic acid.8.2 Being careful to avoid fingerprints, attach the steelcoupon by its threaded portion to the underside of the beakercover. The coupon can be threaded into a Test Meth
47、od D3603vertical specimen or plastic cap, a14 in.20 UNC nut, a thinpiece of plastic with a 5 mm (316 in.) hole, or any otherconvenient support.7Withdrawn. See 1994 Annual Book of ASTM Standards , Vol 05.04 (graypages).NOTE 1Tap dimensions are in inches. All others are in millimetres(inches).NOTE 212
48、5all over.NOTE 3All dimensions 60.5 mm (0.02 in.).NOTE 4Break all sharp corners.FIG. 6 Chuck for Polishing Test SpecimensNOTE 1All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).FIG. 7 Steel CouponD5534 94 (2018)48.3 Pour 275 mL of the fluid to be tested into the beaker andplace the beaker in the oil bath h
49、eld at a temperature that willmaintain 60 C 6 1 C (140 F 6 2 F) in the oil sample.Insert the beaker into a hole in the bath cover so that the beakeris suspended with the rim resting on the bath cover. The oillevel in the bath shall not be below the oil level in the testbeaker. Lower the assembly into the oil sample until the coverrests on the beaker rim. Insert the thermometer in the beaker sothat the bulb is positioned approximately 20 mm (34 in.) fromthe bottom of the beaker. Pla
