1、Designation: D 5537 03An American National StandardStandard Test Method forHeat Release, Flame Spread, Smoke Obscuration, and MassLoss Testing of Insulating Materials Contained in Electricalor Optical Fiber Cables When Burning in a Vertical CableTray Configuration1This standard is issued under the f
2、ixed designation D 5537; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the las
3、t revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This is a fire-test-response standard.1.2 This test method provides a means to measure the heatreleased and smoke obscuration by burning the electricalinsulating materials contained in electrical or optical fibercables when the cable specimens, excluding accessor
4、ies, aresubjected to a specified flaming ignition source and burn freelyunder well ventilated conditions. Flame propagation cabledamage, by char length, and mass loss are also measured.1.3 This test method provides two different protocols forexposing the materials, when made into cable specimens, to
5、 anignition source (approximately 20 kW), for a 20 min testduration. Use it to determine the heat release, smoke release,flame propagation and mass loss characteristics of the materialscontained in single and multiconductor electrical or opticalfiber cables.1.4 This test method does not provide info
6、rmation on thefire performance of materials insulating electrical or opticalfiber cables in fire conditions other than the ones specificallyused in this test method nor does it measure the contribution ofthe materials in those cables to a developing fire condition.1.5 Data describing the burning beh
7、avior from ignition tothe end of the test are obtained.1.6 This test equipment is suitable for measuring the con-centrations of certain toxic gas species in the combustion gases(see Appendix X4).1.7 The values stated in SI units are the standard (seeIEEE/ASTM SI 10); the values stated in parentheses
8、 are forinformation only.1.8 This standard measures and describes the response ofmaterials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame undercontrolled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate allfactors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of thematerials, products or assemblies und
9、er actual fire conditions1.9 Fire testing of products and materials is inherentlyhazardous. Employ adequate safeguards for personnel andproperty in conducting these tests.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibilit
10、y of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD 5424 Test Method for Smoke Obscuration of Insu
11、latingMaterials Contained in Electrical or Optical Fiber CablesWhen Burning in a Vertical Cable Tray ConfigurationE 84 Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ofBuilding MaterialsE 176 Terminology of Fire StandardsE 603 Guide for Room Fire ExperimentsE 800 Guide for Measurement of Gases Pres
12、ent or Gener-ated During FiresE 1354 Test Method for Heat and Visible Smoke ReleaseRates for Materials and Products Using an Oxygen Con-sumption CalorimeterE 1537 Test Method for Fire Testing of Upholstered Furni-tureE 2067 Practice for Full-Scale Oxygen Consumption Calo-rimetry Fire TestsIEEE/ASTM
13、SI 10 Standard for Use of the InternationalSystem of Units (SI): The Modern Metric System2.2 NFPA Standards:ANSI/NFPA 70, National Electrical Code, National FireProtection Association3NFPA 265, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Evaluating1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
14、 D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.21 on Fire Performance Standards.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2003. Published January 2004. Originallyapproved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as D 5537 99.2For referenced AS
15、TM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from National Fire Protection Association, Batterymarch Park,Quincy,
16、 MA 02269.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Room Fire Growth Contribution of Textile Wall Cover-ings3NFPA 286, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for EvaluatingContribution of Wall and Ceiling Interior Finish to RoomFire Gr
17、owth32.3 Underwriters Laboratories Standards:UL 1581: Reference Standard for Electrical Wires, Cables,and Flexible Cords, ANSI/UL 15814UL 1685: Standard Vertical Tray Fire Propagation andSmoke Release Test for Electrical and Optical FiberCables42.4 Canadian Standards Association Standard:CSA FT4, Ve
18、rtical Flame Tests: Cables in Cable Trays,Section 4.11.4 in Standard C 22.2 No. 0.3, Test Methodsfor Electrical Wires and Cables52.5 IEEE Standard:IEEE 1202: Standard for Flame Testing of Cables for Use inCable Tray in Industrial and Commercial Occupancies62.6 ISO Standard:ISO 9705, Fire TestsFull S
19、cale Room Test for SurfaceProducts73. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method andassociated with fire issues refer to Terminology E 176. Fordefinitions of terms used in this test method and associatedwith electrical insulation refer to Terminology D 1711.3.2 Definitions of T
20、erms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 heat release rate, nthe heat evolved from thespecimen, per unit of time.3.2.2 sample, nan amount of the cable type and construc-tion to be tested, which is representative of the product for test.3.2.3 smoke obscuration, nreduction of light transmissionby smoke, a
21、s measured by light attenuation.3.2.4 specimen, nthe individual length of cable, or cablebundle, to be placed in the cable tray, which is representativeof the product to be tested.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This fire-test-response standard determines a number offire-test-response characteristics a
22、ssociated with burning thematerials insulating electrical or optical fiber cables, made intocable specimens, and located in a vertical cable tray and ignitedwith a propane gas burner. The main fire properties measuredare the rate of heat release and its amount. Associated withthese measurements, the
23、 test procedure also determines flamepropagation cable damage (by char length), smoke obscuration,and mass loss of specimen. The apparatus described in this testmethod is also suitable for measuring rates and concentrationsof gaseous combustion products released.4.2 The vertical cable tray that hold
24、s the specimen is locatedin an enclosure of specified dimensions.4.3 A hood, connected to a duct is located above the fireenclosure. Heat and gas release analysis instrumentation isplaced in the duct. Smoke release instrumentation (optional) isalso placed in the duct.4.4 Two different test procedure
25、s are specified, which differin the burner used and in the electrical or optical fiber cableloading. These reflect details of four existing test methods: UL1581 (vertical tray flammability test, protocol A) and CSAStandard C 22.2 No. 0.3 (FT4 vertical tray flammability test) orIEEE 1202 (protocol B)
26、 and UL 1685 and Test Method D 5424(both protocols, for smoke obscuration only).4.5 Information specific to the individual protocols is foundin 7.7, 7.9, and 11.1.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides a means to measure a varietyof fire-test-response characteristics associated with he
27、at andsmoke release and resulting from burning the materials insu-lating electrical or optical fiber cables, when made into cablesand installed on a vertical cable tray. The specimens areallowed to burn freely under well ventilated conditions afterignition by means of a propane gas burner.5.2 The ra
28、te of heat release often serves as an indication ofthe intensity of the fire generated. General considerations of theimportance of heat release rate are discussed in Appendix X1and considerations for heat release calculations are in Appen-dix X2.5.3 Other fire-test-response characteristics that are
29、measur-able by this test method are useful to make decisions on firesafety. The test method is also used for measuring smokeobscuration. The apparatus described here is also useful tomeasure gaseous components of smoke; the most importantgaseous components of smoke are the carbon oxides, present ina
30、ll fires. The carbon oxides are major indicators of thecompleteness of combustion and are often used as part of firehazard assessment calculations and to improve the accuracy ofheat release measurements.5.4 Test Limitations:5.4.1 The fire-test-response characteristics measured in thistest are a repr
31、esentation of the manner in which the specimenstested behave under certain specific conditions. Do not assumethey are representative of a generic fire performance of thematerials tested when made into cables of the constructionunder consideration.5.4.2 In particular, it is unlikely that this test is
32、 an adequaterepresentation of the fire behavior of cables in confined spaces,without abundant circulation of air.5.4.3 This is an intermediate-scale test, and the predictabil-ity of its results to large scale fires has not been determined.Some information exists to suggest validation with regard tos
33、ome large-scale scenarios.6. Test Specimens6.1 Use multiple lengths of electrical or optical fiber cableas test specimens.6.2 The mounting of the specimen on the cable tray isspecified in 7.9.4Available from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Rd., Northbrook,IL 60062.5Available from Cana
34、dian Standards Association, 178 Rexdale Blvd., Rexdale,Ontario, Canada, M9W IR3.6Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, 345 East47th St., New York, NY 10017.7Available from (ISO), P.O. Box 56, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.D55370327. Apparatus7.1 Enclosure:7.1.1 The encl
35、osure in which the specimen is tested isshown in Fig. 1.7.1.2 The enclosure has floor dimensions of 2.44 m 6 25mm by 2.44 m 6 25 mm, with a height of 3.35 m 6 25 mm (8ft 6 1 in. by 8 ft 6 1 in. by 11 ft 6 1 in. high). On top of thewalls there is a pyramidal collection hood with a collectionbox.7.1.2
36、.1 Other enclosure sizes, such as 2.4 by 2.4 by 2.4 m (8by 8 by 8 ft) or the 3 m cube are permitted, provided that theinternal volume of the enclosure, exclusive of the pyramidalhood, ranges between 14.5 m3(512 ft3) and 36 m3( 1272 ft3),the floor area ranges between 6 m2(64 ft2)and9m2(97 ft2),and th
37、e maximum air movement within the enclosure complieswith 7.1.12 (Note 1).NOTE 1There is, as yet, not enough information as to the equivalenceon smoke release between the various facilities. Further work needs to bedone to confirm this.7.1.2.2 In case of disputes, the referee method is the testscondu
38、cted using the enclosure in 7.1.2.7.1.3 WallsThe maximum conductive heat flux loss of thewalls of the structure is 6.8 W/(m2K) (30 Btu/h-ft2), basedupon an inside wall temperature of 38C (100F) and anoutside air temperature of 24C (75F). Paint the interiorsurface of the walls flat black. Any materia
39、ls of constructionthat meet the preceding requirements are acceptable. Twoexamples of acceptable construction materials are nominally152 mm (6 in.) thick concrete masonry blocks (density: 1700kg m3(106 lb ft3) and thermal conductivity nominally k= 1.75 W/(mK), at 21C; 12.13 Btu in./ft2hF, at 70F) or
40、nominally 13 mm (0.5 in.) gypsum board, with 89 6 6 mm (3.56 0.25 in.) of standard fiberglass insulation, with an R value of1.94 m2K/W (which corresponds in practical units to an Rvalue of 11 hft2F/Btu). Windows for observation of the firetest are allowed in the walls; ensure that the total area of
41、thewindows does not exceed 1.86 m2(20 ft2).7.1.3.1 Select materials of construction which can withstandthe high temperatures and presence of open flame within thetest enclosure and duct.7.1.4 Provide air intakes at the base of two opposite walls,one of which contains the access door. Ensure that the
42、 totalcross sectional area of the air intakes is 1.45 6 0.03 m2(2250650 in.2), and that the intake areas are divided approximatelyequally. Fig. 1 shows dimensions for the air intakes installed inthe walls. Air intakes are not permitted in either of the othertwo walls.7.1.5 Construct a door with wire
43、d glass and locate it asshown in Fig. 1. The door is 900 6 25 mm wide and 21006 25mm high (35 6 1 in. by 83 6 1 in.), with an overall conductiveheat flux loss no greater than that of the walls, that is, 6.8W/(m2K) (30 Btu/h-ft2). A steel framed wired glass door willmeet these requirements. Adequatel
44、y seal the sides and top ofthe door to prevent drafts.7.1.6 Construct a truncated pyramid stainless steel hood,formed as shown in Fig. 1, and locate it on top of the enclosurewalls. Make the slope on each side of the hood 40. Form a sealbetween the hood and the walls; a compressible inorganicbatting
45、 as gasket is suitable.1. Enclosure: an acceptable construction consists of concrete masonry blocks, laid up with mortar, nominally 203 mm high by 406 mm wide by 152 mm thick (8by16by 6 in.).2. Wired-glass door, for access and observation. The overall size of the door is 2.1 m high and 0.9 m wide (8
46、4 by 36 in.).3. Steel-framed wired-glass observation windows, 457 mm (18 in.) per side (optional).4. Truncated-pyramid stainless steel hood, with each side sloped 40.5. Cubical collection box, 914 mm (36 in.) per side, with exhaust duct centered on one side.6. Cable tray, mounted vertically in the c
47、enter of the enclosure. Tray base (stand) is optional.7. Air intake openings.FIG. 1 Cable Test EnclosureD55370337.1.7 Insulate the exterior of the hood to make an overallconductive heat loss no greater than that of the walls.7.1.8 Locate a cubical stainless steel collection box, 910 625 mm (36 6 1 i
48、n.), on a side on top of the exhaust hood, witha nominal 410 6 25 mm (16 6 1 in.) diameter stainless steelpipe exhaust duct centered in one side.7.1.9 Install the exhaust duct horizontally and connect it tothe plenum of the hood.7.1.10 Construct a square 610 mm 6 25 mm (24 6 1 in.)baffle, centered o
49、ver the cable tray. An acceptable height is 300to 400 mm (12 to 15 in.) above the tray.7.1.11 Construct a collection-exhaust system, as explainedin 7.2 and Annex A2.7.1.12 Ensure that the maximum air movement within theenclosure, with only the intake and exhaust openings open, theexhaust fan on, and the burner off, does not exceed1ms1(3.3ft s1), as measured by a vane-type anemometer in the areas in7.1.12.1 and 7.1.12.2:7.1.12.1 At the floor level where the burner is positionedduring the test, and7.1.12.2 At 1.50 6 0.05 m (4.9 ft 6 2 in.) above theenclosure floor,
